物流学原理简答及填空答案

物流学原理简答及填空答案物流学原理简答及填空答案物流学原理简答及填空答案V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考物流学原理简答及填空答案日期：20xx年X月1.Whatislogisticsmanagement?Logisticsmanagementisthatpartofthesupplychainmanagementthatplans,implements,andcontrolstheefficient,effectiveforwardandreverseflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationbetweenthepointoforiginandthepointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomer’srequirements.供应链活动的一部分，是为了满足客户需要而对商品、服务以及相关信息从产地到消费地的高效、低成本流动和储存进行的规划、实施与控制的过程。2.Whataretheactivitiesincludedinlogisticsmanagement?Customerservice,trafficandtransportation,warehousingandstorage,plantandwarehousesiteselection,inventorycontrol,orderprocessing,distributioncommunications,procurement,materialhandling,partsandservicesupport,salvageandscrapdisposal,packaging,returngoodshandling,demandforecasting.顾客服务、交通与运输、仓储、厂址与仓库地点的选择、库存控制、订单处理、分销信息、采购、物料搬运、提供零部件与维修服务、残值与废物处理、包装、退货处理与需求预测。3.Whatarethechallengesofgloballogistics?Someoftheperceivedchallengesofgloballogisticsareculturalandlinguisticdifferences,dutyandcustomrequirements,just-in-timerequirements,logisticssupportforlongersupplychains,findingqualifiedglobalsuppliersormanufacturers,fluctuationsinexchangerates,knowledgeofforeignbusinesspractices,nationalisticattitudeandbehaviorandunderstandingthepoliticalenvironment.全球物流的明显挑战在于文化和语言差异、关税要求、适时要求、较长供应链的物流支持、寻找合适的全球供应商或制造商、汇率的波动、国外经营实务知识、国民的态度和行为以及对政治环境的了解。4.Whatarethegoalsofpurchasing?①Provideanuninterruptedflowofmaterial,suppliesandservicesrequiredtooperatetheorganization.②Keepinventoryinvestmentandlossataminimum.③Maintainadequatequalitystandards.④Findordevelopqualityvendors.⑤Standardizetheitemsbought,ifpossible.⑥Purchaserequireditemsandservicesatthelowestultimateprices.⑦Maintaintheorganization’scompetitiveposition.⑧Achieveharmonious,productiveworkingrelationshipswithotherdepartmentswithintheorganization.⑨Accomplishthepurchasingobjectivesatthelowestpossibleleveloftheadministrativecosts.①为了保证组织的经营活动不间断地提供物料、供应品及服务②使库存投资与损失降至最低程度③保持适当的质量标准④寻找并开发质量可靠的卖方⑤如有可能，制定出所购项目的标准，使之标准化⑥以最低的最终价格购买所需物料和服务⑦保持组织的竞争地位⑧与组织内其他部门保持协调的工作关系⑨以最可能低的管理成本实现采购目标5.Whatarethesixmajorproductcategories?①componentparts,②rawmaterials,③processmaterials,④accessoryequipment,⑤majorequipment,⑥operatingsupplies.部件、原材料、在制品、附属设备、主要设备、经营的供应品6.Whatarethefivebasicmodesinthetransportationsystem?Motor,rail,air,water,orpipeline.公路、铁路、航空、水路与管道运输7.Whataretheadvantagestotheuseofcontainers?Theuseofcontainersinintermodallogisticsreducesstaffingneeds,minimizesin-transitdamageandpilferage,shortenstimeintransitbecauseofreducedportturnaroundtime,andallowtheshippertotakeadvantageofvolumeshippingrates.货物自托运人运到收货人的过程中，使用集装箱大大减少了劳动力、降低了中转损失、偷窃现象，也由于缩短了船舶在港口的周转时间而缩短了运送时间，货主也从中享有大量货物运费率。8.Howdoyouunderstandsupplychainmanagement?Supplychainmanagementistheintegrationoftheseactivitiesthroughimprovedsupplychainrelationships,toachieveasustainablecompetitiveadvantage.Inthisdefinition,thesupplychainincludesthemanagementofinformationsystems,sourcingandprocurement,productionscheduling,orderprocessing,inventorymanagement,warehousing,customerservice,andafter-marketdispositionofpackagingandmaterials.Supplychainsareessentiallyaseriesoflinkedsuppliersandcustomers;everycustomerisinturnasuppliertothenextdownstreamorganizationuntilafinishedproductreachestheultimateenduser.供应链管理是指为了获得持续的竞争优势，通过改善供应链关系实现供应链活动的一体化。在本定义中，供应链管理包括：信息系统、寻找原料和采办、生产计划、订单处理、库存管理、仓储和顾客服务。供应链实质是一系列相互联系的供应商和客户，每个客户又依次是下游组织的供应商，直到最终产品交付给最终用户。9.Whatarethebenefitsofsupplychainmanagement?①genuinecooperationbetweenallpartsofthesupplychain②eliminatingduplicationofeffort,information,planning,etc③eliminatingoperationsthatdonotaddvaluetothecustomer④improvingefficiencyandproductivitytoreducecosts⑤reducingstocksandresponsetimes⑥havingactualdemandtriggerreplenishmentsalongthechain⑦beingmoreresponsivetocustomers⑧sharinginformationandlinkssystems⑨usingavailabletechnologyincludingEPOS,EDIandautomatedorderprocessing①实现供应链组成部门的真正合作②避免工作、信息和计划的无效性③消除不向顾客提供追加价值的经营活动④提高效率和生产率并降低成本⑤减少库存及其反应时间⑥引发整个供应链的实际需求⑦对顾客作出更好反应⑧分享信息与联系系统⑨使用自动售货点技术（EPOS）、电子数据交换（EDI）等可用技术以及自动订单处理技术。1.Eachelementofafirm’slogisticssystemcanaffectwhetheracustomerreceivestherightattherightintherightfortherightattheright.2.Packingperformstwobasicfunctions:and.Inmarketingsensethepackageactsasaformofpromotionor.3.Theprimaryobjectivesofthird-partylogisticsprovidesaretothetotalcostoflogisticsforthesupplierandtheserviceleveltotheconsumer.4.Reverselogisticsdealswiththehandling,storageandmovementofmaterialthatflowsfromthecustomerbacktotheorsupplier.5.Inanysociety,industrializedornon-industrialized,goodsmustbephysicallymovedortransportedbetweentheplaceandtheplace.Theexchangeprocesshasbecomethe.6.Ifanumberofindividualsororganizationswithinthesocietyhaveasurplusofgoodsthatsomeoneelseneeds,thereisabasicfor.Channelsofdistributiondevelopwhenmanyexchangestakeplacebetweenand.7.Motorcarriersareinthattheycantransportofvaryingsizesandweightsoveranydistance.8.Ifashipperhasstrictarrivalanddeparturerequirement,railroadsareatacompetitivecomparedtomotorcarriers.9.Althoughincreasingnumbersofshippersareusingairfreigh