2023年职称英语考试理工类B级试题及答案3

2007年职称英语考试理工类B级试题及答案第1局部：词汇选项〔第1~15题，每题1分，共15分〕下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线局部确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.Ihavebeentryingtoquit

smoking.A.giveupB.pickupC.buildupD.takeup2.Reliefworkers

wereshockedbywhattheysaw.A.movedB.touchedC.surprisedD.worried3.Theweatherisaconstantsubject

ofconversationinBritain.A.questionB.problemC.titleD.topic4.Thisisnottypical

ofEnglish,butisafeatureoftheChineselanguage.A.particularB.characteristicC.remarkableD.idiomatic5.Itisvirtuallyimpossibletopersuadehimtoapplyforthejob.A.simplyB.almostC.totallyDpletely6.Thesearedefensivebehaviorpatterns

whichderive

fromourfears.A.stemB.relyC.developD.grow7.Onlyasmallminorityofthementallyillareliabletoharmthemselvesorothers.A.easyB.possibleC.likelyD.difficult8.Theyhavethecapability

todestroytheenemyinafewdays.A.possibilityB.necessityC.abilityD.probability9.Wehaveneverseensuchgorgeoushills.A.beautifulB.stretchingC.spreadingD.rolling10.Theleaveshavebeensweptintohugeheaps.A.loadsB.layersC.pyramidsD.piles11.Thenewswillhorrifyeveryone.A.attractB.terrifyC.temptD.excite12.Thearticlesketchedthemajoreventsofthedecade.A.describedB.offeredC.outlinedD.presented13.Iwon'ttoleratethatkindofbehavior.A.bearB.receiveC.admitD.take14.Theirstyleofplayingfootballisutterlydifferent.A.barelyB.scarcelyC.hardlyD.totally15.Hersisterurgedhertoapplyforthejob.A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised第2局部：阅读判断〔第16~22题，第题1分，共7分〕下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.BlackHolesMostscientistsagreethatblackholesexistbutarenearlyimpossibletolocate.Ablackholeintheuniverseisnotasolidobject,likeaplanet,butitisshapedlikeasphere〔球体〕.Astronomers〔天文学家〕thinkthatatthecenterofablackholethereisasinglepointinspacewithinfinite〔无限的〕density〔稠密〕.Thissinglepointiscalledasingularity〔奇点〕.Ifthesingularitytheoryiscorrect,itmeansthatwhenamassivestarcollapses,allthematerialinitdisappearsintothesingularity.Thecenterofablackholewouldnotreallybeaholeatall,butaninfinitelydensepoint.Anythingthatcrossestheblackholeispulledinbyitsgreatgravity.Althoughblackholesdoexist,theyaredifficulttoobserve.Thesearethereasons.●Nolightoranythingelsecomesoutofblackholes.Asaresult,theyareinvisibletoatelescope.●Inastronomicalterms,blackholesaretruly.Forexample,ablackholeformedbythecollapseofagiantstarwouldhaveaneventhorizon〔视界〕only18milesacross.●ThenearestblackholeswouldbedozensoflightyearsawayfromEarth.Onelightyearisabout6trillion〔万亿〕miles.Eventhemostpowerfultelescopescouldnotpickoutanobjectsosmallatsuchagreatdistance.In1994theHubbleSpaceTelescopeprovidedevidencethatblackholesexist.Therearestillanswerstobefound,however,soblackholesremainoneofthemysteriesoftheuniverse.16.Blackholesarepartofspace.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.Blackholesexistbutaredifficulttoobserve.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.Thecenterofablackholeisempty.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.Theattractionoftwolargestarsleadstogravity.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.Thesunistheheavieststarintheuniverse.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.Thenearestblackholesarehundredsoflightyearsawayfromus.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopehelpsscientiststounderstandthenatureoftheuniverse.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第3局部：概括大意与完成句子〔第23~30题，每题1分，共8分〕

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：〔1〕第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最正确标题；〔2〕第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最正确选项。MemoryTest1"Iamgoingtogiveyoufivetechniquesthatwillenableyoutorememberanythingyouneedtoknowatschool,"promisedlecturerlanRobinsontoahundredschoolchildren.Heslappedhishanddownonthetable."WhenI'vefinishedintwohours'time,yourworkwillbefarmoreeffectiveandproductive.Anyonenotinterested,leavenow."Theentireroomsatstill.2RobinsoncallshimselftheMindMagician〔魔术师〕.Hespecializesindoingmagictricksthatlooktotallyimpossible,andthenhe

revealsthattheyinvolvenothingmoremysteriousthangoodold-fashionedtrickery〔骗术〕."Ihavealways

beeninterestedintricksinvolving

memory-beingabletoreeloff〔一口气说出〕theorderofcardsinapack,thatsortofthing,"he

explains.3Robinsonwasalready

lecturingtoschoolsonhismagictechniqueswhenitstruckhimthatstudentsmightfindmemorytechniquesevenmorevaluable."Itwasn'tdifficultareatomoveinot,asthestuff'sallthereinbooks."Sohesummarizedeverythingtomakeatwo-hourlectureaboutfivetechniques.4"Youwanttolearnalistofahundredthings?Athousand?Noproblem,"saysRobinson.Thescandalisthateverychildisnottaughtthetechniquesfromthebeginningoftheirschoollife.Theschoolchildrenwhowerewatchinghimthoughtitwasbrilliant."IwishI'd

beentoldthisearlier,"commentedMark,afterRobinsonhadshownthemhowtoconstruct"mentaljourneys".5Essentially,youvisualize〔想象〕awalkdownastreet,oratriproundaroom,andpickthepointswhereyouwillputthethingsyouwanttoremember-thelamppost,thefruitbowl.Thenineachlocationyouputavisualrepresentationofyourlist-phrasalverbs,historicaldates,whatever-makingthemasstrangeaspossible.Itisthatsimple,anditworks.6Thereactionofschoolshasbeenuniformlyenthusiastic."Thepupilsbenefitedenormouslyfromlan'spresentation,"saysDrJohnston,headoftheschoolwhereRobinsonwasspeaking."ldeallyweshouldrunaregularclassin

memorytechniquessopupilscanpickitupgradually."23.Paragraph2.

24.Paragraph3.

25.Paragraph4.

26.Paragraph5.

AGoodresults

BAnancientskill

CGainingattention

DMemorytricks

EAlectureonmemorytechniques

FWaystoimprove

memory27.Thememorytechniquesusedarenomorecomplexthantheold.

28.Robinsontaughtchildrentouse"mentaljourneys"toimprove.

29.Robinsontoldthepupilsthatallthememorytechniquescouldbefoundin.

30.Theschoolchildrengotalotfromthemagician's.

AbooksBlectureCtricksDfactsEmemory第4局部：阅读理解〔第31~45题，每题3分，共45分〕

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最正确选项。第一篇RenewableEnergySourcesTodaypetroleum〔石油〕providesaround40%oftheworld'senergyneeds,mostlyfuellingautomobiles.Coalisstillused,mostlyinpowerstations,tocoverone-quarterofourenergyneeds,butitistheleastefficient,unhealthiestandmostenvironmentallydamagingfossilfuel〔矿物燃料〕.Naturalgasreservescouldfillsomeofthegapfromoil,butreservesofthatwillnotlastintothe22ndcenturyeither.Mostexpertspredictwewillexhausteasilyaccessiblereserveswithin50years.Less-pollutingrenewableenergysourcesofferamorepracticallong-termenergysolution."Renewable"referstothefactthattheseresourcesarenotusedfasterthantheycanbereplaced.Hydroelectric〔水力发电的〕powerisnowthemostcommonformofrenewableenergy,supplyingaround20%ofworldelectricity.China'sThreeGorgesDamisthelargestever.AtfivetimesthesizeoftheUS'sHooverDam,its26turbines〔涡轮机〕willgeneratetheequivalentenergyof18coal-firedpowerstations.Itwillsatisfy3%ofChina'sentireelectricitydemand.In2003,thefirstcommercialpowerstationtousetidal〔潮汐的〕currentsintheopenseaopenedinNorway.Itisdesignedlikewindmill〔风车〕,butotherstaketheformofturbines.Aspricesfall,windpowerhasbecomethefastestgrowingtypeofelectricitygeneration-quadrupling〔翻两番〕worldwidebetween1999and2005.Modernwindfarmsconsistofturbinesthatgenerateelectricity.Thoughitwillbemoreexpensive,thereismorethanenoughwindtoprovidetheworld'sentireenergyneeds.Windfarmscomeinonshoreandoffshoreforms.Theycanoftenendupatspotsofnaturalbeauty,andareoftenunpopularwithresidents.Andturbinesarenottotallyharmless-theycaninterferewithradar,alterclimateandkillseabirds.ScotlandisbuildingEurope'slargestwindfarm,whichwillpower200,000homes.TheUK'sgoalistogenerateone-fifthofpowerfromrenewablesources,mainlywind,by2023.Butthismaycauseproblems,becausewindisunreliable.31.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostpollutingenergyresource?

A.Petroleum.B.Coal.C.NaturalgasD.Water.32.China'sThreeGorgesDam

A.isthefirsthydroelectricdamintheworld.

B.isofthesamesizeastheUS'sHooverDam.

C.cangeneratearound3%ofworldelectricity.

D.isthelargesthydroelectricdamintheworld.33.Whichcountrytooktheleadinmakinguseoftidalcurrentstoproducepowerin2003?

A.TheUK.B.China.C.Norway.D.TheUS.34.Oneoftheproblemswithwindfarmsisthat

A.thereisnotenoughwind.B.windisnotreliable.

C.theycanonlybebuiltonthesea.D.theymightinfluencetheworldeconomy.35.Accordingtothepassage,resourceslikewindare

A.renewable.B.recyclable.C.damaging.D.scarce.第二篇Hurricane〔飓风〕KatrinaAhurricaneisafiercelypowerful,rotating〔旋转的〕formoftropicalstormthatcanbe124to1,240milesindiameter.ThetermhurricaneisderivedfromHurican,thenameofanativeAmericanstormgod.Hurricanesaretypicalofacalmcentralregionoflowpressurebetween12to60milesindiameter,knownastheeye.Theyoccurintropicalregions.Overitslifetime,oneofthesecan

releaseasmuchenergyas10,000nuclearbombs.Theseedforhurricaneformationisacluster〔聚集〕ofthunderstomsoverwarmtropicalwaters.Hurricanescanonlyformandbefedwhenthesea-surfacetemperatureexceeds27℃andthesurroundingatmosphereiscalm.TheserequirementsaremetbetweenJuneandNovemberinthenorthernpartoftheworld.Undertheseconditions,largequantitiesofwaterevaporate〔蒸发〕andcondense〔冷凝〕intocloudsandrain-releasingheatintheprocess.Itisthisheatenergy,combinedwiththerotationoftheEarth,thatdrivesahurricane.Whenthewarmcolumnofairfromtheseasurfacefirstbeginstorise,itcausesanareaoflowpressure.Thisinturncreateswindasairisdrawnintothearea.Thisspinningwinddragsupmoremoistairfromtheseasurfaceinaprocessthatstrengthensthestorm.Coldairfallsbacktotheoceansurfacethroughtheeyeandontheoutsideofthestorm.Initially,whenwindspeedsreach23milesperhour,thesemild,wetandgreyweathersystemsareknownasdepressions,orlowairpressure.HurricaneKatrinaformedinthiswayoverthesouth-easternBahamason23August2005.KatrinahashadadevastatingimpactontheGulfCoastoftheUS,leavingadisasterzoneof90,000squaremilesinitswake〔尾迹〕-almostthesizeoftheUK.Thousandshavebeenkilledorinjuredandmorethanhalfamillionpeoplehavebecomehomelessinahumanitarian〔人道主义的〕crisisofascalenotseenintheUSsincetheGreatDepression.Thecostofthedamagemaytop$100billion.36.Theeyeofahurricanereferstoits

A.lowerpart.B.rotatingpart.C.calmcentralpart.D.mostviolentpart.37.WhichofthefollowingisNOTa"requirement"fortheformationofahurricane?

A.Calmsurroundingatmosphere.B.Highairpressure.

C.Warmsea-surfacetemperature.D.Agroupofthunderstormsoverwarmtropicalwaters.38.Whenthewarmairfromtheseasurfacebeginstorise,it

A.createsanareaoflowpressure.

B.suppliescoldairtotheeyeofahurricane.

C.increasesthesea-surfacetemperature.

D.strengthenstherotationoftheearth.39.Theword"impact"〔paragragh5〕couldbebestreplacedby

A."function".B."pressure".

C."disaster".D."effect".40.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofHurricaneKatrinaaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.TheareaaffectedisalmostasbigastheUK.

B.Ithasleftadisasterzoneof90,000squaremiles.

C.Overhalfamillionpeoplehavebeenforcedtoleavetheirhomes.

D.ThiscrisisismoreseriousthanthatoftheGreatDepression.第三篇TryingtoFindaPartherOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpoll

intheUKisthatofthepeopleinbterviewed,oneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith.Whyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationships?Doesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinlove?Orarewemakingitharderforourselves?Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn'texpecthisspousetobe

insolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeans

thatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheory,findingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsago,yourchoiceofsoulmate〔心上人〕wasconstrained〔限制〕bygeography,socialconventionandfamily

tradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicit,manymarriageswereessentially

arranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeon

inanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster〔牡蛎〕,yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflated〔提高〕toanunmanageabledegree:goodlooks,impressivesalary,kindtograndmother,andrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn't,itisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon'tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcourse,thisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.41.Whatdoestherecentpollshow?

A.Itisgettingmoredifficultforawomantofindherhusband.

B.Itisgettingincreasinglydifficulttostartafamilyl.

C.Itisgettingmoredifficultforamantofindhiswife.

D.Itis

gettingincreasinglydifficulttodevelopanintimaterelationshipwithyourspouse.42.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutacontemporarymarriedcouple?

A.Thewifedoesn'thavetoraisethechildrenallbyherself.

B.Thehusbanddoesn'thavetosupportthefamilyallbyhimself.

C.Thewifeis,nol,ongertheonlypersontomanagethehousehold.

D.Theywillreceivealargesumofmoneyfromthegovemment.43.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaconstraintonone'schoiceofsoulmateintheolddays?

A.Thehealthconditionofhisorhergrandmother.

B.Thegeographicalenvironment.

C.Thesocialconvention.

D.Thefamilytradition.44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTexpectedofapartneraccordingtothispassage?

A.Goodlooks.

B.Animpressivecareer.

C.Ahighsalary.

D.Afinesense

ofhumor.45.Theword"sustain"〔paragraph2〕couldbebestreplacedby

A."reduce".

B."shake".

C."maintain".

D."weaken".第5局部：补全短文〔第46~50题，每题2分，共10分〕

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。AHeroicWomanThewholeoftheUnitedStatescheereditslatesthero,AshleySmith,withtheFederalBureauoflnvestigationsayingitwasplanningtogiveabigrewardtoherforhavingabraveheartandwisemind.〔46〕ShewasmovingintoherapartmentinAtlanta,GeorgiaearlyonthemorningofMarch12,whenamanfollowedhertoherdoorandputaguntoherside."Istartedwalkingtomydoor,andIfeltreally,reallyafraid,"shesaidinaTVinterviewlastweek.ThemanwasBrianNichols,33.HewassuspectedofkillingthreepeopleatanAtlantacourthouse〔法院〕onMarch11andlaterofkillingafederalagent.〔47〕NicholstiedSmithupwithtape,butreleasedheraftersherepeatedlybeggedhimnottotakeherlife."Itoldhimifhehurtme,mylittlegirlwouldn'thaveamummy,"she

said.Inordertocalmthemandown,shereadtohimfrom"ThePurpose-DrivenLife",abest-sellingreligiousbook.Heaskedhertorepeataparagraph"aboutwhatyouthoughtyourpurposeinlifewas-whattalentswereyougiven."〔48〕"Ibasicallyjusttalkedtohimandtriedtogainhistrust,"Smithsaid.SmithsaidsheaskedNicholswhyhechoseher."HesaidhethoughtIwasanangelsentfromGod,andwewereChristiansisterandbrogher,"shesaid."Andthathewaslost,andthatGodledhimtometotellhimthathehadhurtalotofpeopole."〔49〕ShesaidNicholswassurprisedwhenshemadehimbreakfastandthatthetwoofthemwatchedtelevisioncoverage〔报道〕ofthepolicehuntforhim."Icannotbelievethat'sme,"Nicholstoldthewoman.Then,NicholsaskedSmithwhatshethoughtheshoulddo.Shesaid,"Ithinkyoushouldturnyourselfin.Ifyoudon't,lotsmorepeoplearegoingtogethurt."Eventually,helethergo.〔50〕AUS$60,000rewardhadbeenpostedforNichols'capture.AuthoritiessaidtheydidnotyetknowifSmithwouldbeeligible〔有资格的〕forthatmoney.AThelocalpoliceweresearchingforhim.

BSmithisa26-year-oldsinglemotherwithadaughter.

CSmithtriedveryhardtokillNichols.

DSheevencookedbreakfastforthemanbeforeheallowedhertoleave.

EAndthetwoofthemdiscussedthistopic.

FThenshecalledthepolice.第6局部：完形填空〔第51~65题，每题1分，共15分〕

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最正确选项