英语中考语法专题-宾语从句

宾语从句1.宾语从句的语法意义及构成语法意义宾语从句在复合句中做主句的(及物动词或介词或某些形容词)宾语。宾语从句通常由连词(that,if,whether)、连接代词(which,what,who,whom,whose)或连接副词(when,where,why,how)引导。句型结构主+谓(vt)+引导词+主+谓(+其他成分)主句宾语从句连词引导that(在口语和非正式文体中可以省略,因为它没有实在的意义，在从句中不充当成分)1.Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.

2.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.

3.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.whether或if(是否)1.Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.

2.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.连接代词引导which(哪一个；那一些)IhavenoideawhichbagsheprefersWhat(什么)Doyouknowwhatshelikesmost?who(谁)Doyouknowwhotheyarewaitingfor?whom(谁)HeaskedmewhomIwaswaitingfor.whose(谁的)Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest连接副词引导when(什么时候)Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.where(哪里)Couldyoutellmewherethenearestpostofficeis?why(为什么)Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.how(如何)Pleaseasktheguidehowwegettotheplace.2.宾语从句的类型3.使用宾语从句的注意事项注意事项说明例句从句语序无论是连词、连接代词，还是连接副词所引导的宾语从句，都必须用陈述句语序。1.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.2.Doyouknowwhathelikes？时态呼应主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句的时态不受限制。根据实情，可用各种时态。1.Hesays(that)hewillleaveamessageonmydesk.2.Theyknow(that)heisworkinghard.主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的时态也应是过去时态。Heaskedwhattimeitwas.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句所叙述的是客观真理、格言时，从句时态无需改变，仍用一般现在时。1.Fathertoldmethatpracticemakesperfect.2.Theteachersaidlighttravelsfasterthansound.宾语从句时态呼应口诀主句谓动过去时，从句必过要一致。主句谓动现将来，从句时态看具体。明确过去永不变，真理格言现在时。形容词后的宾语从句从句可用作某些形容词的宾语。这类形容词常见的有：afraid,glad,sure,happy,sorry,pleased,certain,disappointed,satisfied等。IamsureIwillpasstheexam.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.介词后的宾语从句某些介词后也可接从句，称之为介词的宾语从句。Iaminterestedinhowweusecomputers.Thatdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughpeople.其他情况如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则需用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。Youmaythinkitstrangethathewouldlivethere.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.在宾语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词是believe,think,guess,suppose，expect，imagine等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且时态为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,即否定主句中的动词，这也就是我们平常所说的“否定转移”。Idon'tthink(that)itwillrain.Idon'tbelievehetellslies.Idon'tthink(that)heisinterestedinthatthing,ishe?Idon'tthinkhewillcometomyparty.Idon'tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet,havethey?【中考范例】

1.(北京市中考试题)

MissGreendidn’ttellus_______in2002.

A.wheredoesshelive

B.Whereshelives

C.wheredidshelive

D.whereshelived

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。

2.(上海市徐汇区中考试题)

Wouldyoupleasetellme________?

A.whendidhecomehome

B.wherehewouldplayfootball

C.ifhehadseenthefilm

D.whyhedidn’twatchthegame

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。

3.(哈尔滨市中考试题)

Idon’tknowwhen__________.

A.willthetrainleave

B.thetrainwillleave

C.wouldthetrainleave

D.thetrainleave

【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。

4.(常州市中考试题)

---Wedon’tknow_____________.

---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.

A.whatheis

B.ifheliveshere

C.wherehecomesfrom

D.whichcountryishefrom

【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。初中英语宾语从句专项练习Ⅰ.考查时态1.Thegirlsaskedifthey________somefoodanddrinkwiththem.

A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake

2.Catherinesaidthatshe________toGuangzhou.

A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen

3.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey________dictation

today.

A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are

4.SheaskedLindaif________goandgetsome.

A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay

5.Lindasaidthemoon________roundtheearth.

A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelledⅡ.考查引导词1.Canyoutellme________youwereborn,Betty?

A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that

2.Idon'tknow________theyhavepassedtheexam.

A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where

3.Ihardlyunderstand.________hehastoldme.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who

4.Shedidn'tknow________backsoon.

A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbeD.whenhewouldbe

5.Idon'tknow________hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.

A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when

6.Doyouknow________theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?

A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow

7.Heaskedme________toldmetheaccident.

AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose

Ⅲ.考查语序1.Jimdoesn’tunderstand________.

A.whichisthewaytothemuseum

B.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping

C.whatisthewaytothemuseum

D.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping

2.Pleasetellme________lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterwork B.wheredidyoursisterworkC.whereyoursisterworks D.whereyoursisterworked3.SheaskedmeifIknew________.

A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit

4.Youmustremember________.

A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay

C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid

5.Didyouknow________?

A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingfor

C.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter

6.Couldyoutellme________?

A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing

C.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing

Ⅳ.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子

1.李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。

LiMingsays______________interestedinplayingcomputergames.

2.我认为玛丽不回来了。

Idon’tthinkMary____________.

3.山姆给我说他准备去上海。

Samtoldmethathe______________forShanghai.

4.请你告诉我去钟楼怎么走吗？

Couldyoutellme_______IcangettotheBellTower?

5.父亲说他买了一台新电脑。

Fathersaidthathe________________anewcomputer..

6.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。

Iwanttoknow_________thereisatraintoBeijing.

7.你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？

Doyouknow_____________adoubleroom______?

8.请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？

Couldyoutellme____________we’regoingtobeaway?

9.叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。

Unclesaidthathe_____________anewnovel.

10.杰克说他有重要事情要做。

Jacksaidhe_______somethingimportanttodo.【中考题展示】1.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_____WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.（北京市东城区）

A.thatB.howC.whatD.if

2.—Idon'tknow_____Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.

—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.（杭州市）

A.whyB.whenC.howD.where

3.—Weneverknow_____theoldmanis.

—Theysayheisateacher.（鄂州市）

A.whatB.whoC.whichD.where

4.Iwastold_____BillGateswas