2022年考研考博-考博英语-黑龙江大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号85

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-黑龙江大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey___toviolenceinordertoescape.

问题1选项

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.proceed开始；继续进行B.appeal呼吁；恳求

C.resort诉诸；采取D.incline倾向于

【考察点】词组辨析

【解题思路】句意为只有动物在被困住的时候，它们才会采取暴力措施来逃走。C选项resort接to表采取的意思，符合句意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项proceedto继续下去；

B选项appealto呼吁；上诉；要求；对……有吸引力；

D选项inclineto倾向于。Inclineto更多指具有什么倾向。但是该题目应该选采取暴力措施。因为题意为动物们已经被困住了；

以上选项均不符合句意。

【句意】一般来说，只有当动物被困住时，它们才会采取暴力措施以逃脱。

2.单选题

Wecanallowa0.5%discountonallordersof$1000;orders___$2000aresubjecttoa2%

discount.

问题1选项

A.exceeding

B.reducing

C.proceeding

D.promoting

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.exceeding超过（数量）B.reducing减少

C.proceeding开始；继续做D.promoting促进；提升

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意：对所有1000美元的订单，我们可以给0.5%的折扣。分号后面的折扣更大，应该指如果是更多美元的订单，我们给出的折扣更多。应该选A.exceeding超过，表示更多。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】所有1000美元的订单，我们可以给0.5%的折扣。超过2000美元的订单须加2%的折扣。

3.单选题

（

）canhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythesciencefiction.

问题1选项

A.Everybody

B.Anybody

C.Somebody

D.Nobody

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。nobodycanhelpbut“情不自禁”，相当于everybodycan'thelpbut.句意：大家都情不自禁地被他科幻小说所代入的世界所吸引。故D项正确。

4.单选题

Thefiremen（

）theabandonedwarehouseforpotentialfirehazards.

问题1选项

A.scanned

B.inspected

C.scrutinized

D.audited

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。scan“浏览，扫视”；inspect“检查，仔细挑剔”；scrutinize“细看，仔细阅读，仔细挑剔地检查”；audit“审计，查账”。句意：消防员检查了废弃仓库是否存在潜在的火灾隐患。B项符合题意。

5.翻译题

从20世纪40年代中期起，人类已经制造出上千种农药，普遍用于农场、花园和森林，以消灭昆虫和杂草。本来它们的最初目的是杀死几种杂草和几种昆虫，但是却造成了现在这样严重的后果：鸟儿不再唱歌，鱼儿不再跳跃，树叶蒙上了一层毒药，土壤中长期存留大量有毒物质。

【答案】Sincethemid-1940s,thousandsofpesticideshavebeencreatedtokillinsectsandweedsonfarms,gardensandforests.Theiroriginalpurposewastokillafewweedsandafewinsects,buttheresultisnowsoseriousthatbirdsnolongersing,fishnolongerjump,theleavesarecoatedwithpoison,andthesoilispermanentlyrichintoxicsubstances.

6.单选题

ShortagesoffluvaccinearenothingnewinAmerica,butthisyear’sisawhopper.Untillastweek,itappearedthat100millionAmericanswouldhaveaccesstoflushotsthisfall.ThenBritishauthorities,concernedaboutqualitycontrolproblemsataproductionplantinLiverpool,barredallfurthershipmentsbytheChironCorpOvernight,theU.S.vaccinesupplydwindledbynearlyhalfandfederalhealthofficialsfoundthemselvesmakinganunusualplea.Insteadofbeseechingusalltogetvaccinated,they’renowurgingmosthealthypeoplebetweentheagesof2and64notto.“Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply,”saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,and“thelackofredundancyinoursystem.”

Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.Tocreateasingledoseoffluvaccine,amanufacturerhastogrowlivevirusina2-week-oldfertilizedchickenegg,thencracktheegg,harvestthevirusandextracttheproteinsusedtoprovokeanimmuneresponse.Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear’sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.Asaresult,theUnitedStatesnowhasonlytwomajorsuppliers(ChironandAvePasteur)—andwhenoneofthemrunsintotrouble,thereisn’tmuchtheothercandoaboutit.“Avaccinemakercan’tjustcallupandorder40millionmorefertilizedeggs,”saysManonCox,ofConnecticut-basedProteinSciencesCorp,“there’sawholeindustrythat’sscheduledtoproduceacertainnumberofeggsatacertaintime.”

Sleekertechnologiesarenowintheworks,andexpertsarehopingthatthisyear’sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.Fluvaccinesareharderthanmosttoproducethisway,butseveralcompaniesarenowpursuingthisstrategy,andoneculture-basedproduct(SolvayPharmaceuticals’InvivaC.hasbeenclearedformarketinginEurope.

ForAmericans,theimmediatechallengeistomakethemostofalimitedsupply.Thegovernmentestimatethat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweekend.That’snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand,butonly60millionAmericansseekoutshotsinanormalyear.Infact,manyexpertsarehopingtheshortagewillserveasanawarenesscampaign—encouragingthepeoplewhoreallyneedaflushottogetone.

1.Shortagesoffluvaccineshowthat（

）.

2.Theword“cleared”(Line5,Paragraph3)mightmean（

）.

3.Privatecompanieshavelittleinterestinproducingfluvaccinesbecauseof（

）.

4.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

问题1选项

A.Americareliestoomuchonforeignsuppliers

B.thedemandoffluvaccinesishighthisyear

C.qualityproblemisaseriousprobleminfluvaccineproduction

D.thesupplyoffluvaccinesisratherweakandAmericahasnoback-upmeasurestomakeitup

问题2选项

A.permitted

B.remove

C.proved

D.produced

问题3选项

A.complicatedprocess,highcost,lowprofitandhighrisk

B.shortagesoffertilizedchickeneggs

C.difficultyingrowinglivevirus

D.fastchangingoffluvirus

问题4选项

A.thegovernmenthopestosolvetheproblembywayofvolunteerrestrictions

B.morethan47millionAmericanswhoarequalifiedtogetfluvaccineshotscannotgetthemthisyear

C.Americahastodealwithlimitedsupplyoffluvaccinesthisyear

D.normallyonlyasmallpercentageofAmericanpopulationgetsfluvaccineshotseachyear

问题5选项

A.AllAmericansarepersuadednottogetvaccinatedthisyear.

B.Thebigproblemininnovatingfluvaccineproducingtechniqueishowtogrowvirusinanewway.

C.Morefluvaccinescannotbeproducedinashorttimebecauseprivatecompaniesrefusetoproducemore.

D.Fluvaccinesareeasierthanmostvaccinestoproducethroughcellcultures.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“‘Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply,’saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,and‘thelackofredundancyinoursystem.’‘这再次强调了我们疫苗供应的脆弱性，’全国免疫信息网络的MartinMyers博士说，‘我们的系统缺乏冗余。’”可知D项“流感疫苗的供应相当薄弱，美国也没有后备措施来弥补”正确。

2.词义题。由“oneculture-basedproduct(SolvayPharmaceuticals’Invivac)hasbeenclearedformarketinginEurope.有一种基于文化的产品(SolvayPharmaceuticals的Invivac)已经获准在欧洲上市。”根据formarketinginEurope可以判断出应该是“得到官方批准和允许”。故A项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段“Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.为什么这样一项基本的医疗服务如此容易被取消?主要是因为私营企业没有动力去追求它。”接下来作者介绍了复杂的生产工艺，“Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear’sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.利润空间狭窄，需求变化无常，而且由于每年的流感病毒不同，任何剩余的疫苗都被浪费了。”故A项“流程复杂、成本高、利润低、风险大”正确。

4.推理判断题。由第四段“Thegovernmentestimatethat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweekend.That’snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand,butonly60millionAmericansseekoutshotsinanormalyear.政府估计，根据上周末宣布的自愿限制措施，仍有9500万人有资格注射疫苗。这几乎是诊所现有剂量的两倍，但正常年份只有6000万美国人寻求注射。”可知疫苗现有剂量只有9500万的一半，即4700多万。故还有4700多万有资格注射疫苗的人无法得到注射。故B项正确。

5.推理判断题。由第三段“Sleekertechnologiesarenowintheworks,andexpertsarehopingthatthisyear’sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.更新的技术正在研发中，专家们希望今年的失败将加快创新的步伐。主要的挑战是将生产从卵细胞转移到细胞培养——一种已经用于生产大多数其他疫苗的培养基。”可知B项“创新流感疫苗生产技术的最大问题是如何以新的方式培养病毒”符合题意。A项“所有的美国人被劝说今年不要接种疫苗”与文中提到的“2-64岁的健康人群不用接种”不符。C项“因为私营企业拒绝生产更多的流感疫苗，所以更多的流感疫苗无法在短时间内生产出来”与文中提到的“疫苗生产操作的难度大导致生产商无法在短时间内生产更多流感疫苗”不符。D项“流感疫苗比大多数通过细胞培养的疫苗更容易生产。”与文中的“Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.Fluvaccinesareharderthanmosttoproducethisway,主要的挑战是将生产从卵细胞转移到细胞培养——一种已经用于生产大多数其他疫苗的培养基。用这种方法生产流感疫苗比大多数疫苗都难。”不符。

7.不定项选择题

PresidentArlinghasputhislong-awaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.Itprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationalreforms,andtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears.ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhileFederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs.TheRepublicans,however,decryeventhemodest,graduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.

Theywanttaxcutsandamoreopenmarket.TheysayifFederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomy,letitthroughdefencespending.

Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.

Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecond-classcitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvances,thenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothis,noamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.

Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvest,thatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors.

SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepassed,itisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.

Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynow,wemaynotgetasecondchance.

1.ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison_____.

2.WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?

3.Whatistheeditor’sattitude?

4.Thedangertotheplanliesin_______.

5.Thepassageis______.

问题1选项

A.investment

B.economy

C.technology

D.tax

问题2选项

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.

问题3选项

A.Support.

B.Distaste.

C.Disapproval.

D.Compromise.

问题4选项

A.thetwoparties’objection

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplan

C.itspassage

D.distortion

问题5选项

A.areview

B.apreface

C.anadvertisement

D.aneditorial

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.总统项目的重点是____。

A.investmentA.投资

B.economyB.经济

C.technologyC.技术

D.taxD.税收

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息focusofthePresident’sprogram可定位到倒数第二段第一句，该处讲到“所以关键是技术（thecruxisthetechnology），这也是总统项目的重点所在”因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“投资”，是总统计划中涉及到的部分但并不是关键，属于本末倒置；

B选项“经济”，范围太广，太笼统，属于本末倒置；

D选项“税收”，是总统计划中的一部分但也不是关键，属于本末倒置。

2.【选项释义】

WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?民主党中最自由派的要求是什么？

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.A.他们想要一个更直接的行动。

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.B.他们想要一个收入政策来遏制通货膨胀。

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.C.他们想重建工业。

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.D.他们想要保护性关税壁垒。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.1第四句，该处讲到“总统政党中最自由的一派呼吁采取更有力、更直接的行动（strongerandmoredirectaction）”。因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“他们想要一个收入政策来遏制通货膨胀”，属于行动中的一部分，该选项以偏概全；

C选项“他们想重建工业”，属于行动中一部分，该选项以偏概全；

D选项“他们想要保护性关税壁垒”也是该行动中的一部分，以偏概全。

3.【选项释义】

Whatistheeditor’sattitude?编者的态度是什么？

A.Support.A.支持。

B.Distaste.B.厌恶。

C.Disapproval.C.反对。

D.Compromise.D.妥协。

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】文中作者在Para.4第二句中说到“如果一个行业不能把自己提升到技术进步的领先阶段，那么它就不能有效地竞争”。也就是说作者赞同新计划，发展新技术。同时他还强调了新技术在未来发展的作用。作者在最后一段又提到“如果我们现在不能重组我们的经济，我们可能不会有第二次机会。”，综合理解可以推测出作者的态度是支持的。因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“厌恶”、C选项“反对”、D选项“妥协”不符合原文作者的观点，属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

Thedangertotheplanliesin____.这个计划的危险在于____。

A.thetwoparties’objectionA.双方的反对意见

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplanB.双方对这个计划有不同的看法

C.itspassageC.它的通过

D.distortionD.扭曲；曲解

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息dangertotheplan可定位到倒数第二段第二句，该处讲到“危险（Thedanger）不在于一项计划无法通过，而在于左右翼的理论家将通过修正案歪曲该法案（distortthebillwithamendments），从而模糊其对技术的关注。”。比对选项，D选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“双方的反对意见”，属于无中生有；

B选项“双方对这个计划有不同的看法”，属于无中生有；

C选项“它的通过”，通过解题思路可知文中明确提到“危险（Thedanger）不在于一项计划无法通过”，为反向干扰。

5.【选项释义】

Thepassageis____.这篇文章是____。

A.areview

A.一篇回顾

B.aprefaceB.一篇前言

C.anadvertisementC.一则广告

D.aneditorialD.一篇社论

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据文章内容可知，该文章是作者对美国经济计划的客观描述。这是对大事件的报道。editorial表示报纸上的一篇重要文章，表达编辑对某条新闻或某一问题的看法，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“一篇回顾”，指回想过去发生的事情。而该文章描述的是一个经济计划，因此属于无中生有；

B选项“一篇前言”，指写在书或者文章前的序言或导言，该篇文章是一个陈述并非引导，属于无中生有；

C选项“一则广告”，广告应该要宣传什么，不符合文章内容，属于无中生有。

8.单选题

ThepsychologistWilliamJamesbelievedthatfacialexpressionsnotonlyprovideavisible

signofan（

）.

问题1选项

A.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

B.emotion;theyalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingof

C.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingitself

D.emotion,actuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

【答案】C

【解析】notonly…butalso表示并列关系，前后分句的结构应该保持一致，宾语从句的主语为facialexpressions，notonly后面接的是provide，故butalso后面也应该用动词复数contributeto…故答案C。句意：心理学家威廉•詹姆斯认为,面部表情不仅提供情感的可见迹象，而且也有助于感觉本身。

9.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedtowriteacompositiononthetopicof“OntheAgingPopulation”.Youshouldwriteatleast160-180words.

【答案】略

10.写作题

Thegraphsbelowshowthechangeofinfantmortalityandlifeexpectancyinacountry.Writeanessayof200words.Youressaymustbebasedontheinstructionsasfollows:

1.Describethegraphs

2.Givesomereasons

3.Predictthefutureinfantmortality

【答案】略

11.翻译题

最近的全球经济衰退表明了我们对经济增长的依赖。经济步履蹒跚的时候会发生什么情况？那时，金融市场会崩溃，房地产价格猛跌，就业率降低。这么一来，凯恩斯经济学就会重新兴起。政府投入大量资金，让经济重新运转，同时寄希望于减税和财政刺激来促进投资、生产和就业。

【答案】Therecentglobalrecessionhasdemonstratedourdependenceoneconomicgrowth.Whathappenswhentheeconomyfalters?Financialmarketswouldcollapse,housingpriceswouldplummetandemploymentwouldfall.Keynesianeconomicscouldberevived.Thegovernmentpouredmoneyintogettingtheeconomymovingagain,hopingtaxcutsandfiscalstimuluswouldboostinvestment,productionandemployment.

12.单选题

Anairplane（

）inthemountain.

问题1选项

A.crashed

B.smashed

C.clashed

D.crushed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。crash“损毁，坠毁”；smash“粉碎，使破产”；clash“发出撞击声，碰撞”；crush“压坏，损坏”。句意：飞机在山区坠毁了。A项符合题意。

13.单选题

Itwas1961andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableandthethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorse’shoofsfromWagonTrain,orCheyenne,andlaughterfromIloveLucyorMisterEd.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid,“andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’ddriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwithaflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened;Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwas（

）tomakehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

C.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

D.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

问题2选项

A.Hecamefrommiddle-classfamily.

B.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

C.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

问题3选项

A.hesitant

B.unprepared

C.reluctant

D.determined

问题4选项

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

问题5选项

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

C.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

D.herealizedthatbookofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“WewatchedTVeverynight.和Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.我们每天晚上都看电视。晚饭后,我们就会躺在妈妈的床上,再看几个小时电视。”可知作者每天放学后花了很多时间看电视。故C项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.我和哥哥、妈妈住在底特律一所肮脏的多户住宅里。”可知作者来自于单亲家庭。故B项正确。“Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.我们的母亲只上完了三年级。但她比我们男孩当时所知道的要聪明得多。她注意到在她打扫书籍的郊区房子里有一些东西。”可知作者的母亲接受的教育很少，并且是个清洁工，故C、D项正确。题干问的是哪一项不正确，故选答案A。

3.推理判断题。由第二段“Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.所以有一天她回到家，关掉电视，让我们坐下来，解释说她的儿子们将要做些改变。”可知作者母亲让他俩读书的态度是十分坚决的。故D项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第三段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.所以没过多久，就有两个脾气暴躁的男孩坐在她那辆1959年产的白色奥兹莫比尔汽车上，准备去底特律公共图书馆。我不情愿地在儿童读物间徘徊。”可知他们第一次去图书馆是不情愿的。故B项正确。

5.推理判断题。由第四段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.当时我并没有意识到这一点，但这种体验与看电视完全不同。”可知作者当时并没有意识到书本给他带来的新体验。故D项“他意识到书籍给他带来全新的体验”不正确。

14.单选题

Heiswellacquaintedwithmanyofthe（

）JesusChristtoldtohisfollowers.

问题1选项

A.anecdotes

B.parables

C.legends

D.myths

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。anecdotes“奇闻轶事”；parables“比喻，尤指《圣经》里的寓言故事”；legends“传说，传奇”；myths“神话”。句意：他对许多耶稣告诉其追随者的故事很熟悉。故B项正确。

15.单选题

Manyofusbelievedthatperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDr.LissyF.JfessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngles,andaboardmemberoftheNewCenterforAgingattheVeteransHospital.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsofidenticaltwins,whowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydeclineaswasexpected.

However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertoaccomplishmentaltaskthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectualabilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.

Asforlearningnewthings,andabilitytoremember,studiesbyDr.Jarvikandothersshowthattheoldareequaltotheyoung.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthatthememoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“lossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.

Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor“senility”.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.Thisdepressionusuallycanbecounteractedbycounselingtherapywithapsychologist,ormedicationswhichfightdepression.

InAmericansociety,whenanolderpersonlosessomething,wetendtocallhimorher“senile”.Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.

1.AccordingtoDr.Jarvik’sstudies,middle-agedandoldpersonsshouldexpectto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,lossofmemoryisusuallycausedby（

）.

3.Usually,whatappearstobesenilityisreally（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablysupport?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.rememberless

B.reasonbetter

C.learnfewernewthings

D.loselittleabilitytoremember,reasonorlearn

问题2选项

A.poorlearning

B.inattention

C.tryingtolearntoofast

D.noneoftheabove

问题3选项

A.depression

B.mentalinactivity

C.lossofmemory

D.physicallyweak

问题4选项

A.Bothyoungerandolderpersonsshouldrealizethatsenilityismuchmorecommonthanmostofusbelieve.

B.Along-termstudyof136pairsoftwinsshowedthattheonlyfactorthatdeclinedovertheyearswaspsycho-motorspeed.

C.InAmerica,youngerpersonsneverloseanything,eitherbecauseofsenilityorlossofmemory.

D.Dr.Jarvik'sresearchrevealsthattheolderperson’smindreallyseemsnevertodecay.

问题5选项

A.ResearchRevealsOldMythsaboutMind’sDecline

B.OldAgeAcceleratesMind’sDecline

C.ANewPsychiatricTheorySavesOlderPersons

D.HowtoKeepMentallyActive

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第二段“Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.贾维克博士的研究表明，知识和推理能力并没有下降。不仅在30岁和40岁是这样，在60岁和70岁也是如此。”可知中年人和老年人的智力和推理能力几乎没有下降。故D项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第三段“However,muchofwhatwecall‘lossofmemory’isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.然而，我们所谓的‘失忆’，其实根本不是这样的。它们通常首先是不完整的学习。例如，老年人可能听力不好，或视力不好，或注意力不集中，或试图以太快的速度学习新事物。”可知“记忆丧失”根本就没有这回事。A、B、C三项是导致看似记忆力下降的原因。

3.细节事实题。由倒数第二段“Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor‘senility’.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.在老年人的大脑似乎真的在衰退的情况下，这并不一定是由于年老或‘衰老’造成的衰退的迹象。通常这只是抑郁情绪的一种表现。”可知低落情绪是导致老年人的大脑看似衰退的原因。故A项正确。

4.推理判断题。由倒数第一、二句“Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.但是请注意，当一个年轻人失去什么东西时，他不会责怪衰老或失忆。他找了一些其他的借口。”可知C项“在美国，年轻人从来不会因为衰老或失忆而失去任何东西。”正确。A项“年轻人和老年人都应该认识到，衰老比我们大多数人认为的要普遍得多”；B项“对136对双胞胎的长期研究表明，多年来唯一下降的因素是心理运动速度”；D项“贾维克博士的研究表明，老年人的大脑似乎永远不会衰退”都与原文不符。

5.主旨大意题。本文开头提出人们对大脑的错误认识，即随着年龄增长，理解力和记忆力下降，大脑衰退。随后介绍了Dr.Jarvik的研究结果。即衰老并不会影响人的智力。接下来的内容均围绕该主题展开。故B项“老年加速心智衰退”正确。

16.单选题

（

）thatmyheadhadcleared,mybrainwasalsobeginningtoworkmuchbetter.

问题1选项

A.For

B.Now

C.Since

D.Despite

【答案】B

【解析】考查逻辑连词。for、since通常表示原因，不和that连用，nowthat“既然，因为，由于”；despite“尽管”。句意：由于我的头脑清醒了，我的大脑也开始运转得更好了。前后句因果关系，故B项正确。

17.单选题

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallengedbutdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentonthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyonthebasisofteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetimeneededtokeepupwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellas