英语简单句的五种基本句型(讲解、练习、打印版)

英语简单句的五种基本句型(讲解、练习、打印版)英语简单句的五种基本句型(讲解、练习、打印版)英语简单句的五种基本句型(讲解、练习、打印版)英语简单句的五种基本句型(讲解、练习、打印版)编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。

顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： Countrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词） WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词） One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词） Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式） Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词） Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词） WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句） Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。

1)简单谓语：Westudyforthepeople.

2)复合谓语：IcanspeakalittleEnglish.Wearereadingbooks.HehasgonetoBeijing..3、表语:它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。Mysisterisanurse. Isityours（代词） Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词） Thespeechisexciting.（分词） Threetimessevenistwentyone（数词） HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式） Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词） Therulermustbeinyourbox.（介词短语） Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词） Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）4、宾语:宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，WelikeEnglish. HowmanydictionariesdoyouhaveIhavefive.（数词） Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词） Itbegantorain.（不定式短语） Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语） Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。

Hegavemesomeink.有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：

Wemakehimourmonitor(班长).5、宾补:就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的IseeyoucrossingthestreetHisfathernamedhimDavid.（名词）Theypainted（涂漆）theirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefresh（新鲜的）airin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）6、定语:在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。Heisanewstudent.

但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。

Thebikeintheroom/overthere/ismine. Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词） Chinaisadeveloping（发展中）country;Americaisadeveloped（发达）country.（分词） Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词） Hisprogress（进步）inEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词） Ourmonitor（班长）isalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语） Heisreadinganarticle(文章)abouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）7、状语:修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。HelivesinLondon.Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组） Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语） Heissorrytotrouble(麻烦)you.（不定式短语） Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语） Once（一旦0youbegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下： Howaboutmeetingagainatsix（时间状语） Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语） Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语） MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语） Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语） Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语） Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语） Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语） Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语） Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.5.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.6.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.7.Hewantstofinishtheworkintime.8.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice（建议）.9.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.10.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay11.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress12.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.13.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.14.Henoticed（注意到）amanentertheroom.15.Theapplestastedsweet.简单句的五种基本句型英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：

S十V主谓结构主语＋不及物动词

S十V十P主系表结构主语＋连系动词＋表语S十V十O主谓宾结构主语＋及物动词＋宾语

S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构

S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构判断类型和句子成分：Shecame．ShelikesEnglish.Sheishappy．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.Sheboughtabookforme.ShegaveJohnabook．Myheadaches.Shemakeshermotherangry．Thesunwasshining.

Themoon

rose.

They

talkedforhalfanhour.

他们谈了半个小时。Thedinnersmellsgood.午餐的气味很好。Everythinglooksdifferent.一切看来都不同了。

Heisgrowingtallandstrong.他长得又高又壮。Hisfaceturnedred.他的脸红了。Who

knows

theanswer

谁知道答案He

enjoysreading.他喜欢看书。I

want

tohaveacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。He

bought

you

adictionary.She

ordered

herself

anewdress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。

She

cooked

herhusband

adeliciousmeal.她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。

I

showed

him

mypictures.I

gave

mycar

awash.我洗了我的汽车。

He

showed

me

howtorunthemachine.他教我开机器。What

makes

him

thinkso他怎么会这样想？

Thechildrenareplayinghappily.

TheGreensenjoylivinginChina.

Hebecameafamousdoctor.

他成为了一名著名的医生。

Theapplepietastesreallydelicious.

苹果派吃起来真是好吃。基本句型一：

S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,fall,happen,rise,

如：学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________基本句型二:

S十V十P主系表结构常见的系动词有：be(是)；get(变得),become(成为),turn(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎)A.表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。

1)Weshould____________________anytime.

我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。

2)这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_________________________________________________.B.表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等。如：1)

Springcomes.Itis______________________________.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。2)

Don'thavethefood._______________________________.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。基本句型三:S十V十O主谓宾结构1)我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________.2）Theyhave_________________________ofthechildren．这些孩子他们照看得很好。基本句型四:S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,read,sell,send,show,teach,tellwish,write等。间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有：buy,choose,make,order,paint,play(演奏)，sing,等。

1）Yesterdayherfather________________________________________asabirthday

present.

昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。

2)Theoldman__________________________________intheLongMarch.(正在给孩子们讲故事)这种句型还可转换为：动词＋直接宾语＋for/tosb.

3)Pleaseshowmeyourpicture.==Please_____________________________________.

请把你的画给我看一下。

4)I______________thesalt.=I_______thesalt__________.

我把书递给他。

基本句型五:S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call（叫）,choose（选）,find（发现）,make,name(命名)1）Keep________________________________,please.请让孩子们安静下来。

2）They

painted

____________________.他们把门漆成绿色。

3)Wemust__________________________.

我们必须保持我们的学校洁。

4)Heasked

me

_______________________soon.他要我早点回来。

5）我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。______________________________________________.注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面接动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：6）Theboss________________________allday.(迫使他劳动)

7)We

saw

_____

_________.(他出去)。考点突破训练1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyou______AtowaitBwaitCwaitedDwaiting2.Ifeltsomebody______me.AtouchBtouchedCtotouchDtouches3.Hetaughtme_____speakEnglish.AhowshouldBhowChowcanIDhowto4.Ishallmakeyourdream______.AcomingtrulyBcometrueCtocometrueDcomestrue5.Hetold_____home.AusnottogoBwenotgoCusnotgoDustonotgo6.Ithink_____agoodhabittogetupearly.AthisBitCthatDits7.Rosesinbloomsmell______.AsweetenBsweetlyCsweetDsweetness8.Theweather____.A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold9.Theappletasted____.A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely D.sweet10.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter11.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we12.Ithink_____necessary（必要的）tolearnEnglishwell.A.its B.it C.that D.thatis13.Thedog____mad（疯的）.A.looks B.islooked C.isbeinglooked D.waslooked判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.练习一一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChinaWell,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.四、选择填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.Nowtheretheman B.ThemanherenowC.Themanwhoisherenow D.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely D.sweet()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.died C.dyed D.deaded()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly()think_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.its B.it C.that D.thatis()9.Thedog____mad.A.looks B.islooked C.isbeinglooked D.waslooked()willneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.that B.when C.inwhich D.where练习二一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：Ihopeyouareverywell（ ）.I'mfine,buttired（ ）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（ ）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（ ）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（ ）Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（ ）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat（ ）.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm（ ）.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim（ ）.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest（ ）.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden（ ）.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere（ ）.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden（ ）.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell（ ）.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden（ ）.MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime（ ）.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy（ ）.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside（ ）.It'sgreat（ ）!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion（ ）.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer（ ）.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty（ ）.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates（ ）.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates（ ）.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime（ ）.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina（ ）Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep（ ）.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents（ ）.练习一：一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；1