英语构词法总结

英语构词法总结英语构词法总结英语构词法总结英语构词法总结编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:构词法

前缀：通常改变词义后缀：通常改变词性a-:amoral不道德的apathy无情dis:dishonest,disappear,disloyal,disorderin/ir/il/im:incorrectinjusticeimpossibleillegalirregularnon:non-scientistnon-smokernon-stopun:unhappy,unreal,unofficial,unfair

3）贬义前缀mal-,mis-,pseudo-(伪…,假…)maltreat，malfunction机能失常，malnutritionmislead,misinform,misfortunepseudoscientific,pseudo-realismwell:well-known,well-informed5)表示态度或倾向的前缀anti-(反对，防止)：antiwar,antiaircraft防空袭的contra-(反对，相反)：contradict,contra-dancecounter-(反对，相反)：counteraction反作用pro-(亲，赞成)：pro-American,pro-slavery6)表示时间或顺序ex-表示前任的，从前的：ex-wife,ex-presidentfore-前，先：forefather,forethought深谋远虑post-后的：post-war,postgraduatepre-前的：pre-war,prematurere-再：remarriage,reconsider7)表示地点的前缀extra-以外的：extra-official,extralegalfore-在前边:forehead,forefather,foretellinter-在…之间:international,interschooltele-远距离的:telecommunication,telescopetrans-穿越:transplantin-内,里:inside,inland,invadesuper-在…之上:superstructure上层建筑8)表数字的前缀uni-（统一的）：uniform,unisex(男女皆宜的)mono-(单一):monologue,monoxide一氧化碳bi-(二个):bicycle,bi-lingualdi-(双倍的，两重的):dialogue,dioxide二氧化碳multi-(多的)：multimediasemi-（半的）semiautomatic半自动的hemi-(半的):hemisphere半球tri-(三个)：triangle,tricolor三色旗centi-(百分之一)：centimeter厘米，centigram厘克有些前缀可改变词性a-,be-,en/em-asleep,awakebefriend,belovedenforce,enable,endanger,encourage,enrich,enlarge常用后缀1.指人的后缀-eer:engineer,pioneer,volunteer-er/or:singer,teacher,visitor,actor-ess:actress,hostess-ster:youngster,gangster-an,ian,ese国家的人：Australian,American-ant,ent:assistant,applicant,dependant-ician:electrician,technician-ist:scientist,communist,typist,chemist-ism:socialism,realism2.名词的后缀-age,-al,-ion/-sion/-ation/-tion,-dom,-hood,-ity,-ment,-ness,-ship,-th,-ty,-ure,-ics,-logy3.形容词的后缀名词变形容词：-ed,-ful,-ish,-less,-like,-ly,-y,-c,-ous动词变形容词：-able/ible:arguable,permissible-tive/sive:talkative,decisive4.副词的后缀－ly,-ward/wards5.动词的后缀-ate:attribute,calculate-en:blacken,redden,broaden,deepen-ify:beautify,certify,modify-ize/ise:analyze,modernize名词可数名词的复数形式：1.－s2.以s,x,ch,sh,+es3.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i+es.+es:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoesa.以两个元音结尾的，+s例如：bamboo,zoo,radio,studio,shampoob.外来词+s：photo,piano,kilo,tobacco,memo,auto5.以f/fe结尾的，变f/fe为ve,+sleaf,wife,knife,half,thief,wolf,shelf,life有的直接+sroof,cliff,proof,chief,gulf,belief6.不规则man-menwoman-womentooth-teethfoot-feetchild-childrengoose-geesemouse-miceox-oxena.外来词（仍保持原有复数形式）phenomenon-phenomenacriterion-criteriaformula-formulaethesis-thesesbasis-basesanalysis-analysescrisis-crisesmedium-mediacurriculum-curriculab.单复同形Chinese,Japanese,aircraft,sheep,deer,swine猪，means,series,shark7.合成的名词，只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数lookers-on,runners-up亚军，sons-in-law,grandchildren如没有主体名词，在最后一词后+复数词尾drawbacks缺陷由man,woman构成的合成名词，里面所有的成份+复数men-servantswomendoctors8.有些名词常以复数出现a.scissors,trousers,pants,shorts,shoes,spectacles,glassesb.以ing结尾的：belongings,surroundings,doings,savings,findings,earnings,stockingsc.contents目录，arms武器,statistics统计资料，fireworks,thanks,clothes,valuables,headquartersd.有些名词在词组takepainstodo,makepreparations,makearrangements,giveregardsto,beatoddswith与…不和，giverespectsto,beinhighspirits9.有些不可数名词，有时也可用复数。experiences,failures,hopesandfears10.与数词连用的名词，复数仍保持单数形式。twodozeneggs,twohun