实用翻译lecture 4 equivalance in translation课件

TranslationCriterionPartI:TranslationandEquivalenceTeachingContents:TranslationandEquivalenceTeachingAims:Tomakestudentsknowabouttherelationshipbetweentranslationandequivalence..TeachingFocus:TheimportanceofequivalenceTeachingMethods:

Student-centered(groupwork,thenclasswork).TeachingApproaches:Multi-mediaaidedTeachingPlan1.Completeequivalence:

I.Wordequivalence

Itreferstothecaseinwhichtwowordsorphrasesindifferentlanguageshaveexactlythesamemeaning.

Forexamples:theU.S.StateDepartmentcomputationallinguisticsthePacificOcean4.tuberculosis5.helicopter6.minibus7.marriage8.laser9.asbusyasabee10.It’snousetalkingtohim,foryourwordwillgoinoneearandouttheother.

(美国国务院)(计算机语言学)(太平洋)(肺结核)(直升飞机)(小公共汽车)(结婚)(激光)(忙如蜜蜂)跟他讲没有用，他总是一耳进，一耳出。2.PartialequivalenceI.Wordequivalence

Twowordsintwodifferentlanguageshavemanymeanings,inwhichonlyoneorsomeofthemeaningshavetheequivalents.

Forexamples:

拉门拉断拉开抽屉拉开开关他拉了拉我的袖子。pullthedoorpullapartpullopenthedrawerpullswitchHepulledmysleeve.moreexamples:

I.Wordequivalence

pullatoothpullin

pullaroundpulltogetherpulloffaplan拉拉手拉拉队拉肚子拉选票拉倒拔牙（车）进站恢复健康齐心协力努力实现计划shakehandscheeringsquaddiarrheacanvassforgetaboutit/dropit/leaveitatthat3.Onewordwithmultipleequivalents

I.Wordequivalence

Onewordwithmultipleequivalentofthesamemeanings:b.Onewordwithmultipleequivalentsofdifferentmeanings:Examples:

wife:die:Examples:

cousin:president:carry:妻子，老婆，太太，夫人，内人，妻室…死，亡，逝，殁，毙，陨，薨，崩…堂兄，堂弟，堂姐，堂妹，表兄，表姐…总统，主席，校长，会长，总裁，董事长，主持人…提，挑背，支持，支撑，运送，搬运，携带，包含…5.Wordswithoutequivalents

I.Wordequivalence

Inthiscase,anexplanationisgiveninsteadofanequivalent.Examples:teenager:prey:clock-watcher:couch-potato:（目不识）丁:干妈：缘分：表妹：13至19岁的青少年被捕食的动物老是看钟等下班的人整天窝在沙发里看电视的人(notknowone’s)ABCnominallyadoptedmother;godmotherfateorchancethatbringspeopletogetherMy-female-cousin-on-mother’s/father’s-side-younger2.Thesamefigureofspeechwiththesamemeaning:

II.Formequivalence

Examples:snow-whitegoldentimeasbusyasabeespendmoneylikewaterStrikewhiletheironishot.Factsspeaklouderthanwords.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Examples:whiteliewhiteelephant黄色书刊/影片比较:yellowpressbepurplewithrageonceinabluemoonbringcoaltoNewcastle:goDutchIII.DynamicEquivalenceorFunctionalEquivalence

善意的谎言华而不实的东西

bluebook/film以耸人听闻的方式报道新闻脸气得发青千载难逢多此一举均摊费用Ihavereadyourarticles.Iexpectedtomeetanolderman.

我大错特错(完全猜错)。他初出毛庐,没有经验。我一星期没洗澡，一身臭汗。YourgirlfriendisasbeautifulasHelen.

III.DynamicEquivalenceorFunctionalEquivalence

Iammuchabroadinmyguess.Heisagreenhand.Iamsmellingofseven-day-oldsweat.你的女朋友美若天仙。看过你的文章，想不道你这么年轻。adrownrat落汤鸡aspoorasachurchmouse一穷如洗

III.DynamicEquivalenceorFunctionalEquivalence

Onlyfocusingontheequivalenceofmeaning,withoutamplificationandomittingintermsofmeaning,iscalledequivalenceintermsofmeaning.IV.Meaningequivalence

Forexample:Britaincouldnothaveadvancedherindustrializationsorapidlyif,justwhenownersoffactoriesneededitmost,anabundantsupplyofcheaplaborhadnotmadeitselfavailable.要不是正好在工厂老板们最需要劳动力的时候得到大量廉价劳动力，英国的工业化就不可能发展的这样迅速。Whentranslating,youshouldnotonlykeepthemeaningunchanged,butalsotrytokeepthestyleunchanged,too.

V.Styleequivalence

Example:…thatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeopleshallnotperishfromtheearth.要使我们这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。

TheWon-DoneSong（byDavidHawkes）Menallknowthatsalvationshouldbewon,

Butwithambitionwon’thavedone,havedone.Wherearethefamousonesofdays

gone

by?Ingrassygravestheylienow,everyone.Menallknowthatsalvationshouldbewon,Butwiththeirricheswon’thavedone,havedone.Eachday,theygrumblethey’venotmadeenough,Whenthey’veenough,it’sgoodnighteveryone!Menallknowthatsalvationshouldbewon,Butwiththeirlovingwivestheywon’thavedone.Thedarlingseverydayprotesttheirlove,Butonceyouaredead,they’reoffwithanotherone.

Menallknowthatsalvationshouldbewon,Butwiththeirchildrenwon’thavedone,havedone.Yetthoughofparentsfondthereisnolack,OfgratefulchildrensawIne’erone.…V.Styleequivalence

SummaryI.Wordequivalence

pleteequivalenceb.partialequivalencec.multipleequivalenced.equivalenceinterwovenwithoneanothere.wordswithoutequivalenceII.FormequivalenceIII.DynamicorfunctionalequivalenceIV.MeaningequivalenceV.StyleequivalenceTranslationcriteriaFunctionoftranslationcriteria:Standard;requirement;supervisionTranslationcriteriainChina：案本----求信----传神----化境多元互补;最高/低标准；第三种状态说Translationcriteriaabroad:Tytler:1)Atranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.译文应当复制原文意思2)Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal.译文的写法与风格应当跟原文的写法与风格性质相同3)Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition译文应当完全跟创作一样流畅Nida:dynamic/functionalequivalenceHansVermeer:skopostheory(purposeintranslation)Criterionsystemforcollegestudents1).RequirementsetbytheMinistryofEducation:

忠实、通顺2).practicalcriteria(执行标准):

situationdepends,withfactorsliketheoriginalmeaning,translationpurpose,targetlanguagereaders,cultureetc.arealwaysimportantinone’sconsideration6).Lightindustryitselfhasactuallygonethroughmanysuccessivestagesofdevelopment.轻工业；连续的阶段7).Thereasonyoudon’tfeellonelyisyouareinagoodcompany.有很多人陪伴8).Heisnomorefondofplayingchessthanyouare.他不比你更喜欢下棋----他同你一样不喜欢下棋9).总服务台whole-servicecounter----check-in/check-outcounterinformationdesk/servicecentre/customerservice10).放屁passyourwind----nonsense.敲门：knockthedoor---knockat/onthedoor靠墙：leanthewall----leanagains