全国英语竞赛《A类研究生》决赛真题卷一

全国英语竞赛《A类研究生》决赛真题卷一[单选题]1.Ifonlyhe_____quietlyasthedoctorinsdivucted,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie参考答案：C参考解析：句意：要是他当初按照医生的话躺下就好了，不然他现在也不会受这么大的痛苦。该句中从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在的事实不符，则从句结构应为“If+主语+haddone”，主句结构为“主语+would/might/should/coulddo…”故选C。[单选题]2._____snacksbuttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicinthegarden.A.NotonlytheybroughtB.NotonlydidtheybringC.NotonlybroughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring参考答案：B参考解析：句意：当他们在花园里野餐时，他们不仅带来了零食，还带了扑克牌来娱乐。在“notonly…butalso…”结构中，notonly置于句首时，其引导的句子应倒装。故选B。[单选题]3.Theworkhedidwasnot_____withhistermsofemployment.A.compatibleB.collaborateC.compulsoryD.conspicuous参考答案：A参考解析：句意：他所做的工作不符合他的受雇条件。compatible一致的。collaborate合作compulsory义务的。conspicuous显著的。故选A。[单选题]4.Hesaidhehadnewevidence,butrefusedto_____anyfurther.A.admonishB.acknowledgeC.elaborateD.confess参考答案：C参考解析：句意：他说他有新证据，但拒绝再深入地详细描述。elaborate详细描述。admonish告诫。acknowledge承认。confess坦白。故选A。[单选题]5.—MustIrenewthebooknow?—Yes,ofcourse.Infact,you_____thatyesterday.A.mustdoB.shouldhavedoneC.shoulddoD.musthavedone参考答案：B参考解析：句意：—我必须要现在就续借这本书吗？—当然。实际上，你昨天就该这么做了。该对话中回答是对过去的虚拟，表示与过去事实相反的情况，根据句意，应当使用结构“shouldhavedone.”故选B。[单选题]6.WhenEuropeansarrivedin_____America,therewereonlyIndiansthere.A.whichnowisB.whatisnowC.thatisnowD.whereisnow参考答案：B参考解析：句意：当欧洲人到达现在是美洲的地方时，那里只有印第安人。该句的时间状语从句中，宾语是一个名词性从句，由what引导，what在句中做主语。故选B。[单选题]7.Itistomyparents,thanksto_____generosityIwasabletocompletemystudies,_____Iammostgrateful.A.whose;thatB.their;whichC.whose;whichD.their;that参考答案：A参考解析：句意：由于我家长的慷慨，我才能完成我的学业。我最感激的就是我的家长。该句是强调句，结构为“itis…that…”。第一个逗号后是修饰“parents”的非限制性定语从句，根据句意可判断此处表示“所属”，用whose最佳。故选A。[单选题]8.Harry:Hey,Elizabeth,howwouldyouliketoseeamovietonight?Elizabeth:Soundsgreat!Whatwouldyouliketosee?Harry:Idon’tknow…howaboutthatnewhorrormovieatArlingtonTheater?Elizabeth:Oh,Iheardaboutthat.Itsoundsalittlescarytome.I’mmoreintoromanticmovies.Ormaybearomanticcomedy.Harry:_____.Elizabeth:Really?Wellthen,whatkindsofmoviesdoyoulike?Harry:IguessI’mreallyintotheactionandadventuretypeofmovies.A.Noway!Ihatethatkindofstuff!B.Ohyeah,well,Iguessthey’reokay.C.Musical?Idon’tknow.Thatdoesn’tsoundtooexciting.D.Iguessthatdoesn’tsoundtoobad.Whattimedoesitstart?参考答案：A参考解析：对话中Harry在提议去看恐怖片时，Elizabeth表示她更喜欢浪漫电影。而后文Elizabeth有些惊讶地说“Really?”并询问Harry喜欢看什么种类的电影。根据情景可推测Harry很可能不喜欢浪漫电影，且表现令Elizabeth吃惊。A项最符合情景。[单选题]9.Diana:It’sagorgeousdaytoday!Shallwegodowntotheparkforapicnic?Doug:Great!_____.Diana:Whydon’twestopandgetsomefriedchickenatKFCandheaddowntoMurrayPark?Let’sbringafewgames,too.Doug:Okay,I’llgettheFrisbeeandasoftballsowecantossthemaround.And…whatdoyouthink?Shouldwebringthedog?Diana:Definitely.He’llloveitdownthere.A.Didyouhearthat?1heardthunder.Astormiscoming.B.Thereareseveral.Whatkindoffoodareyouthinkingabout?C.Shouldwepacksomesandwichesorpickupsomethingalongtheway?D.Iremembergoingtoabuffetnotfarfromhere.Theyhavefoodsfromseveraldifferentcoundivies.参考答案：C参考解析：对话中Diana提议去野餐，后文Diana提意见“为什么不在肯德基买些炸鸡再去莫里公园呢？”由此可推测Doug很有可能询问了Diana关于带什么食物的意见。C项最符合情景。[单选题]10.Ms.Zellinger:Yes,IwouldliketospeaktoJosephAbernathy,please.Receptionist:I’msorry,Mr.Abernathyisoutoftheofficeatthemoment.Ms.Zellinger:_____.Receptionist:Heshouldbebackabout3:00pm.Wouldyouliketoleaveamessage?Ms.Zellinger:Yes.Myname’sBelindaZellinger.Receptionist:Okay,andmayItellhimwhatthisisinregardsto?Ms.Zellinger:Well,it’saratherpersonalmatter…A.Doyouknowwhentoexpecthim?B.Doyouhaveareservation?C.Howlongwillheworkthere?D.I’llbeheretomorrowmorning.参考答案：A参考解析：对话中Ms.Zellinger想要和JosephAbernathy通话，但接线员表示他目前不在。后文接线员表示“他应该会在下午三点左右回来”。由此可知Ms.Zellinger应该询问了Joseph回来的可能时间。A项最符合情景。[单选题]11.TheWarof1812wasfoughtbetween_____.A.BritainandFranceB.FranceandtheUnitedStatesC.FranceandCanadaD.BritainandtheUnitedStates参考答案：D参考解析：1812年战争发生于美国和英国之间。故选D。[单选题]12.AmericanscelebrateMemorialDayonthelastMondayinMaytohonorthosewhohave_____.A.wonAmericangreatreputationinsportsB.madegreatscientificdiscoveriesC.giventheirlivesfortheircoundivyD.donatedlargeamountsofmoneytothecoundivy参考答案：C参考解析：句意：美国人在五月最后一个周一庆祝美国阵亡将士纪念日，以纪念那些为国捐躯的人。美国阵亡将士纪念日定于五月最后一个周一，目的是纪念各战争中为国献身的美军官兵。故选C。[单选题]13.TheRockyMountains_____“thebackboneofthecontinent”andareconsideredyoungmountainsofthesameageastheAlpsinEurope,HimalayasinAsia,andtheAndesinSouthAmerica.A.arebelievedinB.areregardedasC.aretakenforD.arehonoredby参考答案：B参考解析：句意：落基山脉被认为是“大陆的脊椎”，同时被认为是一座年轻的山脉，和欧洲的阿尔卑斯山、亚洲的喜马拉雅山、南美的安第斯山脉同龄。beregardedas被当做是……。bebelievedin被相信是。betakenfor被误认为是……。behonoredby被誉为……。故选B。[单选题]14.TheAmericangovernmentisdividedintothreebrancheswitheachhavingitsownpowers,Thisisknownas_____.A.divideandruleB.balanceofpowerC.checksandbalancesD.separationofgovernment参考答案：C参考解析：句意：美国政府被划分为三个部分，每个部分都有自己的权力。这种制度被称为“相互制衡”。美国的立法权、行政权和司法权分别由议会、政府、法院独立行使，同时又相互制约，保持权力均衡。这种原则被称为“相互制衡”（checksandbalances）。故选C。[单选题]15.Inliterature,astoryinwhichtheeventsandcharactersrepresentideasorteachamorallessoniscalled_____.A.asonnetB.aproseC.anallegoryD.anallusion参考答案：C参考解析：句意：在文学领域，包含代表观点或展开道德教育的事件或角色的故事被称为寓言。寓言是通过假托手法或拟人手法说明某个道理或教训的文学体裁。allegory寓言。sonnet十四行诗。prose散文。allusion典故。故选C。[问答题]1.SectionA(5marks)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.Asmoreandmorechildrenundertheageof5aredeclaredoverweightorobese,institutionsarepoppingupalloverChinawiththegoalofhelpingpeopletoloseweight.Someweightlosscampsguaranteethattheycanhelpchildrenwithweightproblemslose5to15kgin3months.Thenumberofoverweightandobesechildrenunder5aroundtheworldhasreached42million,andmostarelivingindevelopingcoundivies,accordingtoareportreleasedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationinOctober.Accordingtothereport,thegrowthrateofthisgroupindevelopingcoundiviesis30%higherthanindevelopedcoundivies.参考答案：随着越来越多5岁以下儿童成为超重或肥胖，减肥机构正在中国国内遍地开花，目的是帮助人们减肥。一些减肥训练营承诺，能帮助有体重问题的儿童在3个月内减重5至15公斤。根据世界卫生组织10月发布的一份报告，全球5岁以下的超重和肥胖儿童已达4200万人，他们中的大多数居住在发展中国家。这份报告展示，发展中国家这个群体的增长率比发达国家高出30%。[问答题]2.SectionB(10marks)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishbyusingthehintsgiveninbrackets.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.(77)企业家们希望高科技共享自行车行业的繁荣会使他们致富，同时改变中国城市的交通拥堵。(bike-sharingboom)但梦想有时也会破灭。（78)据报道，在中国南部城市深圳，有500多辆出租自行车被发现成堆丢弃在大街上。(dumpinhugepiles)全国各地五颜六色的自行车呈爆发式增长，(79)用户使用智能手机应用程序即可租用这些自行车，也可停在任何想停的地方。(Wherever)(80)中国的共享经济正在起飞，拼车和合租房也越来越普遍。(takeoff)为了减少交通拥堵和空气污染，从上海到四川，许多地方都出了共享自行车计划，让这个曾经被誉为“自行车王国”的国家重回两轮时代。(81)为了争夺客户，自行车出租公司陷入了激烈的竞争。(belockedin)但当客户丢弃自行车时问题就出现了。参考答案：77.Entrepreneurshopethehi-techbike-sharingboomwillmakethemrichwhilesimultaneouslytransformingChina’straffic-cloggedcities.【分析】bike-sharing自行车共享。boom繁荣。simultaneously同时地。traffic-clogged交通拥堵的。78.InthesouthernChinesecityofShenzhen,morethan500bicyclesforhirehavebeenfounddumpedinhugepilesonthestreets,accordingtoreports.【分析】dumpinhugepiles成堆丢弃。forhire供出租。accordingtoreports在翻译时可放在句末。由于过去发生的动作对现在产生了影响，因此用现在完成时。79.Userscanrentbikeswithasmartphoneappandthenparkthemwherevertheychoose.【分析】wherever此处引导地点状语从句，意为“在……的任何（所有）地方”。此外，wherever还可以引导让步状语从句，表示“不管在（到）哪里”，相当于nomatterwhere。如：Whereverhegoes,I’llgo.不管他去哪里，我也去。80.ThesharingeconomyistakingoffinChina,whereride-sharingandapartment-sharingarebecomingmoreandmorecommon.【分析】takeoff起飞。形容地点的非限制性定语从句用where引导。[问答题]3.TherearefiveIQTestquestionsinthispart.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheet.Whichofthefollowingfiguresistheoddoneout？A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E参考答案：A.参考解析：A项中的左右两部分图案与其他选项中的两部分图案均成镜面对称。[问答题]4.Whichnumbershouldreplacethequestionmark？A.4B.5C.6D.7参考答案：A.参考解析：每一行中的前两个数字之和都等于两个数字之积。[问答题]5.Whichoneofthefivechoicesmakesthebestcomparison?PEACHistoHCAEPas46251isto_____.A.25641B.26451C.12654D.51462E.15264参考答案：E参考解析：PEACH变换为HCAEP的过程是把字母从后到前重新排列，因此数字列也应从后到前重新排列。[问答题]6.Canyourearrangethesesetsofletterblocksintoaword?TOMATAUIC参考答案：AUTOMATIC[问答题]7.Canyouchangeoneletterofeachofthesewordstomakethreenewwordswithacommontheme?SKIPPER·BOUT·VANDAL参考答案：slipper;boot;sandal参考解析：拖鞋、靴子、凉鞋均属于鞋类。[问答题]8.Ⅰ(10marks)ThedivbelowshowstheprimaryfundingsourcesofinternationalstudentsintheUSduringtheyears2003/04and2013/14.Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Writeareportofnolessthan100wordsdescribingtheinformationshownaboveontheanswersheet.参考答案：【参考范文】Accordingtothechart,from2003and2004to2013and2014,theprimaryfundingsourcesofinternationalstudentsintheU.S.havechanged.Amongthesourcesoffunding,personalandfamilyranksfirstbothinnumberofstudentsanditsratio.U.S.collegeoruniversityranksthesecondinbothaspects.Othersources,includingforeigngovernmentoruniversity,currentemployerandsoon,occupyonlyasmallpart.Aftertenyears,thetotalnumberofinternationalstudentshasgreatlyincreased.However,thepercentageofthetoptwosourceshavebothdroppedalittle,thoughthenumberstillincreasesgreatly.Thesourcesofforeigngovernmentoruniversityandcurrentemployerbothincreasedinthetwoaspects,especiallytheformer,whilefewerstudentsarechoosingothersources.Allinall,themajorsourceoffundingisstillpersonalandfamily.[问答题]9.Ⅱ(20marks)Writeaboutthefollowingtopic.Accordingtoanewly-amendedMinisdivyofEducationregulation,collegestudentswhohavestartedtheirstudiescanapplyforleaveforseveralsemestersandtheirperiodofschoolingcanbeextended.It’sahugesteptoencouragestudentstostarttheirownbusinesseswhileatuniversity.However,somepeopledoubtwhethertheregulationwillhaveaneffectonstudents’gradesorperformance.Shouldcollegestudentsbeencouragedtostartbusinessesbeforegraduation?Writeanarticleofnolessthan160wordstoexpressyouropinionontheanswersheet.参考答案：【参考范文】Accordingtoanewly-amendedMinistryofEducationregulation,collegestudentswhohavestartedtheirstudiescanapplyforleaveforseveralsemesterstostarttheirbusinessandtheirperiodofschoolingcanbeextended.Inmyview,thisregulationisbeneficialinthefollowingaspects.First,thisregulationwillofferstudentsachancetolearnfrompractice.Notallstudentsareadeptatacademicknowledge.Forthosewhoarebetteratlearningfrompractice,thisregulationcanprovidethemwithachance.Second,itcanhelpstudentsknowthesocietyinadvance.Allstudentswilleventuallyenterthesociety.Iftheycanleavetoexperiencebeforegraduation,they’llhaveadeeperunderstandingaboutthesocietyandadapttothesocietymorequicklyaftergraduation.Last,studentscanleavethemselvesawayopenforretreat.Thosewhofailintheirbusinesscanstillreturntocollegeforfurtherstudyinordertoenhancetheirskills.Thustheycanhaveaboldfightintheirbusiness.Inconclusion,thisregulationisahelpforstudents.Allstudentshavedifferentpathsintheirlives,socollegesshouldgivethemachancetochoosewheretheygo.共享题干题Readthefollowingpassageandfillineachblankwithoneword.Choosethecorrectwordinoneofthefollowingthreeways:accordingtothecontext,byusingthecorrectformofthegivenword,orbyusingthegivenletter(s)oftheword.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.Genealogy,thestudyoffamilyhistory,isthesecondmostpopularhobbyinAmericatoday.MillionsofAmericans(46)sp_____theirfreetimedivyingtodivacetheirfamilylines,somereachingasfarbackasathousandyears.Thisinterestinfamilyhistoryisnotnew.Manypeopleremembertheirancestorsandhonorthembypassingonfamilynamesorkeepingtheirstoriesalive.Infact,asacoundivy,Americashoweditsfirstrealinterestingenealogyinthe1890s.Atthattime,organizationssuchastheDaughtersoftheAmericanRevolutionwerecreatedtoconnectpeople(47)_____ancestorswhoplayedapartinearlyAmericanhistory.ButAmerica’sinterestingenealogyhasgrownoverthepastfewdecades,largelyfortworeasons.Oneofthecausesofgenealogy’smostrecentgrowthinpopularitymightbeAlexHaley’sbookRoots,whichfollowsoneman’sfamilythrough(48)_____(slave)andallthewaybackto18thcenturyAfrica.Inoneyear,morethanonemillioncopiesofthebookweresold.In1977,Rootswasmadeintoatelevisionminiseries,(49)_____waswatchedbyapproximately130millionpeople.Atthetime,thatwasthe(50)_____(big)audienceanytelevisionprogramhadeverhad.PeoplenotonlyenjoyedthestoryofRoots,butalsowere(51)int_____intheideathatonemancouldlearnsomuchabouthisfamily’shistory.TheideathatamanlivinginAmericainthetwentiethcenturymighthaveadirectlinktoimportantmomentsinhistoryinspiredmanyAmericanstodotheirowngenealogicalstudiesanddivacetheirownthreadsinthefabricofworldhistory.TheInternethasalso(52)con_____totheenormouspopularityofgenealogytodaybecauseitissoconvenientandvast.BeforetheInternet,peoplehadtogotolibrariesandpublicrecordsfacilitiestofindinformationabouttheirancestors.Butnow,withacomputer,anyonecan(53)ac_____thousandsofgenealogywebsites.Whilemanyofthesewebsitescontainusefulinformationandresources,theInternetalsoprovidespeoplewiththeopportunitytomeethundreds,eventhousands,ofothergenealogists.Occasionally,genealogistsevenmeetdistantmembersoftheirownfamiliesandareabletosharevaluableresearchwitheachother.AsthesecondmostpopularhobbyinAmerica,genealogymustbe(54)_____(reward),butpeopledon’talwayslikewhattheyfind.OneamateurgenealogistwastoldbyhergrandfatherthatoneofherancestorswaswoundedduringtheAmericanCivilWar.Shewantedtofindoutmoreaboutthisfamilyhero.After(55)_____(review)recordsfromthe1860s,shelearnedthathergreat,great,greatuncleactuallyfelloffafencewhilerelaxingoneafternoonandbrokehisarm,makinghimunabletojointhearmyatall.[填空题]1.参考答案：spend参考解析：此处意为“花费空闲时间试图追溯家系”。根据文意与字母提示可推测该词为spend。因此该空填入spend。[填空题]2.参考答案：with参考解析：此处意为“拥有参与过美国历史的祖先的人”，表示所属关系应使用介词with。因此该空填入with。[填空题]3.参考答案：slavery参考解析：根据文意可推断该处意为“奴隶制度”，应使用slave的另一个名词形式slavery。因此该空填入slavery。[填空题]4.参考答案：which参考解析：逗号后为修饰televisionminiseries的非限制性定语从句，只能用which引导。因此该空填入which。[填空题]5.参考答案：biggest参考解析：根据后文“anytelevisionprogramhadeverhad”以及定冠词the可判断应使用最高级形式。因此该空填入biggest。[填空题]6.参考答案：interested参考解析：根据文意与字母提示可推测此处表达的是“人们对某个观点有兴趣”，根据该空所处短语结构可判断该词应为interested。因此该空填入interested。[填空题]7.参考答案：contributed参考解析：根据文意可知该句表现了互联网对系谱学流行起来的作用，即“有助于系谱学的流行”，可使用contribute一词。本句为现在完成时。因此该空填入contributed。[填空题]8.参考答案：access参考解析：accessawebsite意为“访问一个网站”，为固定搭配。因此该空填入access。[填空题]9.参考答案：rewarding参考解析：此处句意为“系谱学必定有所收获”，修饰的是“genealogy”这一事物，故应使用reward的形容词形式rewarding。因此该空填入rewarding。[填空题]10.参考答案：reviewing参考解析：此处after为介词，后面接动词时应使用动词的-ing形式。因此该空填入reviewing。共享题干题Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveredquestions.Respondtothequestionsusinginformationfromthepassage.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.SectionA(5marks)Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Indianfoodiswell-knownforbeingspicy.Italwaysusesspices,sometimesjustonespicetocookapotatodishandsometimesuptofifteenspicestocomposeanelaboratedish.Butitisnotalwayshot.ChilipepperswereindivoducedintoAsiabythePortugueseinthesixteenthcentury.UntilthattimethetypicalpungentIndianspicesweremustardseedsandblackpeppercorns.Sometimesthespicesareusedwhole,atothertimestheyaregroundandmixedwithwaterorvinegartomakeapaste.Eachofthesetechniquesdrawsoutacompletelydifferentflavourfromthespice.ButIndiaalsogainsvarietyfromthehugenumberofregionalcuisineswhichhavebeenadaptedtolocalculinarydivaditions.ReligiousgroupswithineachregionofIndiahavemodifiedtheseregionalcuisinestosuittheirownresdivictions.TherewasalsotheinfluenceoftheMoghulswhocametoIndiabywayofPersiaandindivoducedthedelicatepilauandmeatscookedwithyoghurtandfriedonions.WhenViennabecameagreatcapitalcityintheseventeenthcentury,Ausdiviancookingdevelopedintoanart.ThiswaswhenthefamousViennesepasdivybegantobemade.Foodandideasforcookingwereimportedfromalloverthecontinent:sourcreamfromtheSlavs,paprikafromHungary,noodledishesfromItaly.Althoughsomeofthefamouscakesandpasdiviesaresoexdivavaganttheycanonlybeusedforspecialoccasions,otherdishesarehighlyeconomical.Themeatdishes,forexample,evolvedbecausetheAusdivianswereloathtokillbulls.Theyfeltitwastefultokeepthemandfeedthemwhiletheygrewupbutdidnousefulwork.Therefore,theykeptonlythecowswhichwerekilledwhentheywereoldandtough,andsotheAusdivianshaveanumberofdisheswhichmakeuseofscraggymeat.Themanyvealdishes,atwhichtheViennesearegood,grewfromthefactthatsomanybabybullswerekilled.Swedishcookingwasinthepastresdivictedbyitsclimatewhichlimitedthesupplyoffreshfoodtoafewmonthsoftheyear.Mealstendedtobemonotonousandsaltedfishormeatandpotatoeswereservedmostofthetime.ButthingsareverydifferenttodaywithSwedishsmorgasbordpopularallovertheworld.Thewordactuallymeanssandwichdiv,butinreality,thereisagreatvarietyofcolddishestochoosefrom.SwedishcookingdevelopedintheeighteenthcenturyunderFrenchinfluence.However,olddivaditionspersist.OnChristmasDay,hamisalwaysserved.Atthattime,onChristmasEveaplateofporridgemaybeputintheatticorcellarforthelittlegnomeswhoarebelievedtoliveinthehouse.Theporridgeistothankthegnomesfortheirhelpduringthepastyearandensuretheirhelpinthenext.PoleshavealwaystakenanintelligentandlivelyinterestingoodfoodandthelargefarmingpopulationhashadaSlavonicgustoinproducingoriginalandtastydishesfromthesimplestandcheapestingredients.SoupsplayanimportantpartinthedietofaPolishfamily.TheyhaveadoptedtheRussianborschtanddivansformeditintotheirownnationalsoup.Thebasisofborschtisbeedivootbutnooneshouldbemisguidedenoughtothinkthatitisaweakconcoction.Itisnotonlywholesomeandnourishing,buthasfragranceandcolourtomakeitadivivactive.AllPolishcakesandpasdiviesaredelightfulbutamongthebestarethecheesepasdivies.Forasummerdishofsalad,orforpicnics,thePolishwayofmakingacreamcheesespread—mixingcreamwithcottagecheesetogetherwithchoppedradishesandcucumberandchives—isslightlyunusual,andverypleasant.’Questions56to60Fillintheblanksbelowwithinformationfromthepassage,usingnomorethanthreewordsforeachblank.[填空题]11.参考答案：Spices参考解析：文章第一段提到“Indianfoodiswell-knownforbeingspicy.Italwaysusesspices…”由此可知印度菜里会频繁使用香辛料。因此该空填入Spices。[填空题]12.参考答案：sourcream参考解析：文章第二段提到奥地利从整个大陆引入食物与烹饪创意，比如“sourcreamfromtheSlavs,paprikafromHungary,noodledishesfromItaly.”由此可知，酸奶油是从斯拉夫人那里引进的。因此该空填入sourcream。[填空题]13.参考答案：Bulls参考解析：文章第二段提到奥地利人不喜欢杀公牛，因为“Theyfeltitwastefultokeepthemandfeedthemwhiletheygrewupbutdidnousefulwork.”奥地利人认为喂养公牛是一种浪费，并且公牛做不了有用工作，即公牛没有用。因此该空填入Bulls。[填空题]14.参考答案：climate参考解析：文章第三段提到“Swedishcookingwasinthepastrestrictedbyitsclimatewhichlimitedthesupplyoffreshfoodtoafewmonthsoftheyear.”由此可知过去的瑞典烹饪受气候的限制很大。因此该空填入climate。[填空题]15.参考答案：Soups参考解析：文章最后一段提到“SoupsplayanimportantpartinthedietofaPolishfamily.”汤在波兰家庭的食谱中很重要。因此该空填入Soups。共享题干题SectionB(10marks)Readthefollowingpassage.ChoosefromthesentencesA—Gtheonewhichbestfitseachgapof61—65.Therearetwoexdivasentenceswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Aspeoplespendmoretimeonsocialmedia,advertisersarefollowingthem.EarlierthisyearBavarianMotorWorks(BMW)advertisedonWeChat,apopularmessagingappinChinawitharound550millionmonthlyusers.Butitsadswereshownonlytothosewhoseprofilessuggestedtheywerepotentialbuyersofexpensivecars.Otherswereshownadsformoreaffordablestuff,suchassmartphones.Thecampaignbruisedafewegos.SomeofthosenotshowntheBMWadcomplained,referringtothemselvesaslosers.(61)_____Butitwasalsoanexampleofhowmarketingchiefsaresdivugglingtofindtherightwaytoreachconsumersonnewdigitalplatforms,wheretheyarespendingevermoreoftheirtime.(62)_____Todayithasbecomeapillaroftheadvertisingindusdivy.SocialnetworkslikeFacebook,TwitterandLinkedInhavecultivatedvastaudiences:2billionpeopleworldwideusethem,sayseMarketer,aresearchfirm.Onlineadvertisingofallsortscontinuestogrow,andwithinthatcategory,spendingonsocial-mediaadshasgonefromvirtuallynothingafewyearsagotoperhaps$20billionthisyear.(63)_____Thismeansadscanbeaimedatthemwithanaccuracythatisunthinkablewithanaloguemedia.Forexample,Chevrolet,anAmericancarbrand,hassentadstotheFacebookpagesandTwitterfeedsofpeoplewhohadexpressedaninterestin,orsigneduptotest-drive,acompetitor’svehicle.(64)_____Facebook,Twitter,Instagramandotherplatformsaresellingadscontaining“buynow”buttons,whichletuserscompleteasaleonthespot.Itistooearlytotellhowmanyconsumerswantsuchaconvenience,butthesocialplatformsforeseeafutureinwhichtheygetpaidbyadvertiserstoprovideinstant-shoppingservicesthatmaketheplatformsmoreusefultotheirmembers,andgetthemtospendmoretimeonthem.(65)_____Insteadofcreatingasingle,broad-brushmessagethatwillrunacrosstelevision,radio,printandoudivoor,theyareproducingmanyvariationsonatheme,matchingeachtothesubsetofconsumerstheyjudgemostlikelytorespondtoit.LastmonthLowe’s,anAmericanhome-improvementretailer,ranacampaignonFacebookinwhichusersweresentoneofseveraldozenversionsofitsad,dependingonwhichpartoftheirhomestheyhadmentionedonsocialmedia.Questions61to65A.Marketingchiefsalsoneedtothinkthrougheffortstogivetheirbrands“onlinepersonalities”.B.Advertiserslikesocial-mediaplatformsbecausetheygatherallsortsofdataoneachuser’sage,consumptionpatterns,interestsandsoon.C.Suchfine-tunedtargetingmeansthatthedistinctionbetweenadvertisingandecommerceisbecomingblurred.D.Butinattemptingtoridesocial-mediadivends,companiescaneasilyfallflatontheirfaces.E.Towringthemostoutoftheabilitytotargetconsumerspreciselyonsocialmedia,adagenciesaremakingbigchangestotheircampaigns.F.Thecarmaker’sexperienceshowsthecomplexitiesofadvertisingtoday,whenitissoeasyfordissatisfiedcustomerstomaketheirvoicesheard.G.Notlongagosocial-mediamarketingwassomethingthatbrandmanagersmightasktheirsummerinternstodealwith.[填空题]16.参考答案：F参考解析：文章第一段以BMW在微信投入的广告为例引出话题，后文又说到“这也是一个营销总监们试图找到在新电子平台上接触客户的合适方法的例子……”，由此可推测该空应该围绕BMW投放广告的例子来讨论。F项最符合语境。[填空题]17.参考答案：G参考解析：根据“它已成为广告产业的支柱”一句，以及后文提到的“socialnetwork”，可推测文章第三段第一句应与“社交网络平台”有关。G项意为“不久前社交媒体营销还只是品牌经理让夏日实习生处理的东西”，与本段第二句形成对比并谈到了社交媒体，最符合语境。[填空题]18.参考答案：B.参考解析：文章第四段第二句说明“广告可以精准投放，而其他类似的媒体做不到这一点”。据此可推测该段首句应与社交媒体营销的优点有关。B项意为“广告商喜欢社交媒体平台，因为平台能够收集用户年龄、消费模式与兴趣等多项数据”，点明了社交媒体的优点，并且这些优点可以用于第二句提到的“精准投放”，最符合语境。[填空题]19.参考答案：C.参考解析：文章倒数第二段围绕着“社交平台上的商业”展开讨论，指出投放在社交平台上的广告可以方便地让用户购买物品。C项意为“这样经过微调过的定位意味着广告与电子商务的差别模糊了”，承接上一段主题，并与下段主题连贯，最符合语境。[填空题]20.参考答案：E参考解析：文章最后一段以Lowe公司的活动为例，说明了广告商们现在会准备一个广告的不同版本，针对不同的客户子群体进行精准投放。E项意为“为了最大程度地在社交媒体上精准定位用户，广告商们正对他们的广告活动做出重大改变”，与例子中提到的“campaign”照应，而Lowe公司的广告也是精准定位客户子群体的例子，最符合语境。共享题干题SectionC(10marks)Questions66to70arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Water…thisfive-letterwordisonethatCaliforniansseealmostdailyinheadlines.Howtodamit,howtosellit,howtouseit,howtoshareit,howtokeepitpure…ThesearejustafewofthemajorproblemsthatfaceCalifornia’speopleandpoliticalleaders.Thousandsofdollarsarespentannuallyonstudies,andonlawsuits,inCalifornia’s“WaterWars”,andtheseeminglyendlessconflictbetweentheoverwhelmingneedsofCendivalandSouthernCalifornia,andtheirdrainonNorthernCaliforniarivers.Californiahaswhathasbeencalled“thebiggestwaterworksinhistory”.DamsintheSierraNevadamountainsholdbackwaterprovidedbygreatriversfedbyrainandsnowmelt;theytameragingrivers,helppreventdamagingfloods,generatecheap,pollution-freehydro-elecdivicity,andreleaseasteadysupplyofwaterforCalifornia’scitizens.California’sgreatcitiesgettheirwaterviaanimmensenetworkofdams,aqueducts,pipelinesandwellsthatisoneoftheengineeringwondersoftheworld.PartofthewatersupplyfortheLosAngelesareacomesfroma445-milelongcanalrunningsouthfromthe“Delta”areaofNorthernCalifornia.Duringitslongjourney,thewaterispumpedupa3,000ft.elevation,thenentersatunnelthroughthemountains,beforereachingtheLosAngelesarea.MorewaterforthisthirstyareaisbroughtinalongtheColoradoRiverAqueduct,overadistanceof185miles;andtheCityofLosAngelesalsotakeswaterfromaplacecalledOwensValley,338milesaway!EventhecityofSanFrancisco,incoolerNorthernCalifornia,haslong-distancewater,itssupplybeingcarriedalmost150milesfromanartificiallakeinYosemiteNationalPark.Yetmammothasthisinterlockingsystemis,inyearsaheaditisgoingtobeinadequatetohandlethestate’srapidlygrowingpopulation.Theprospectofmajorwaterproblemsinthenearfuturehasbecomeparticularlyalarming.ManyCaliforniafarmershavealreadyhadtoabandoncropsonaccountofwatershortagesduringrecentdrysummers;andinmanytownsandcities,thesprinklersthatdivaditionallykeepthelawnsgreenroundsuburbanhomeshavebeenturnedoff.Asifdrysummersandgrowingneedswerenotenoughproblemsalready,Californiansalsohaveproblemsgettingwaterfromoutsidetheirstate.Forinstance,theColoradoRiverprovideswatertoseveralstates,andalsotoIndianreservations,andtherehasbeenalotofargumentaboutwaterrights.In2003,thestateofCaliforniaagreedtotakeasmallerqu