2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号23

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

AirattacksinAfghanistanarefocusedonairportsandtrainingcampstoavoidcivilian______.

问题1选项

A.involvement

B.rebellion

C.casualties

D.anguish

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项involvement“参与；牵连；包含；混乱；财政困难”；B选项rebellion“叛乱；反抗；谋反”；C选项casualties“伤亡；人员伤亡”；D选项anguish“痛苦；苦恼”。句意：阿富汗的空袭主要集中在机场和训练营，以避免平民的……。可推测为了不使平民受到伤亡，所以阿富汗的空袭主要集中在机场和训练营。结合此处语境，C选项正确。

2.单选题

Sheisveryresourceful,andshecanalwaysfindawayaroundanyproblem.

问题1选项

A.delightful

B.responsible

C.industrious

D.smart

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项delightful“可爱的，可喜的；讨人喜欢的；令人愉快的”；B选项responsible“负责的，可靠的；有责任的”；C选项industrious“勤勉的”；D选项smart“聪明的；巧妙的；敏捷的；厉害的；潇洒的；剧烈的；时髦的”。句意：她足智多谋，总能找到解决任何问题的办法。结合此处关键词resourceful“足智多谋的；机智的”，得知D为正确答案。

3.单选题

Itisaclassiccaseofthebored-housewifesyndrome—doingnothingalldaybutdrinkandgoshopping.

问题1选项

A.hindrance

B.synthesis

C.system

D.symptomsorsignstoformarecognizablepattern

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项hindrance“障碍；妨碍；妨害；阻碍物”；B选项synthesis“综合，[化学]合成；综合体”；C选项system“制度，体制；系统；方法”；D选项symptomsorsignstoformarecognizablepattern“形成可识别模式的症状或体征”。句意：这是一个典型的无聊家庭主妇综合症——整天无所事事，只喝酒和购物。结合此处关键词syndrome“[临床]综合症状；并发症状；校验子；并发位”，得知B选项正确。

4.单选题

Diet-relateddiseasesalsocostsocietyintermsofdecreasedworkproductivity,increasedabsenteeism,poorerschoolperformance,andreducedfitnessonthepartofmilitary______,amongothernegativeeffects.

问题1选项

A.recruits

B.reengineering

C.weapon

D.scene

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项recruits“新兵；新成员”；B选项reengineering“企业再造；再造工程；重建”；C选项weapon“武器，兵器”；D选项scene“场面；情景；景象；事件”。句意：与饮食有关的疾病也对社会造成负面影响，如工作效率下降、旷工增多、学习成绩差、……身体素质下降等。根据military（军队）以及fitness（身体素质）可推测空白处应该填“人”的单词，因此B、C、D选项都可排除。A选项recruits（新兵）符合，结合句意，A选项为正确答案。

5.单选题

FilmCriticMarkAdamslooksbackoverthelasttenyearsofhisworkasafilmcriticforanewspapercalledTheFrontPageWritingarticlesaboutfilmsforTheFrontPagewasmyfirstproperjoB.BeforethenIhaddonebitsofreviewing—novelsforothernewspapers,filmsforamagazineandanythingIwasaskedtodofortheradio.ThatwashowImetTomSeaton,thefirstartseditorofTheFrontPagewhohadalsowrittenfortelevision.Hehiredme,butTomwasnotprimarilyajournalist,orhewouldcertainlyhavebeenmorecarefulinchoosinghisstaff.

Atfirst,hisideawasthatateamofcriticsshouldtakecareoftheartformsthatdidn'trequirespecializedknowledge:books,TV,theatre,filmandradio.TherewouldbeaweeklylunchatwhichwewouldmakeourchoicesfromtheartisticmaterialthatTomhaddecidedweshouldcover,thoughtherewouldalsobegueststomaketheatmospheresociable.

Itallfeltlikeabitofadreamatthattime:anewnewspaper,andIwasoneoftheteam.Itseemedsounlikelythatapapercouldbeintroducedintoacrowdedmarket.Itseemedjustaslikelythatamillionairewantedtohelpmepersonally,andwaspretendingtoemployme.Suchwasmylackofself-confidence.Infact,thefirsttimeIsawsomeonereadingthenewspaperontheLondonunderground,thenturningtoapageonwhichoneofmyreviewsappeared,Ididn'tknowwheretolook.

Tom'soriginalschemeforateamofcriticsfortheartsnevertookoff.Itwasagoodidea,butwedidn'tgettogetherasplannedandsoeverythingwasdonebyphone.Itturnedout,too,thatthegeneralpublicouttherepreferredtoassociateareviewerwithasinglesubjectarea,andsoIchosefilm.WithoutTom'sinitialpush,though,wewouldhardlyhavecomeupwiththepresentarrangement,bywhichIwriteanextendedweeklypiece,usuallyononefilm.

TheLuxuryofthiswayofworkingsuitsmewell.Iwouldn'thavebeeninterestedinthemorestandardfilmcritic'srole,whichinvolvesconsideringeveryfilmthatcomesout.That'saroutinethatwouldmakemestaleinnotimeatall.IwouldsoonbesinkingintomyseatonaMondaymorningwiththesigh,“WhatinsultingrubbishmustIsitthroughnow?”—astyleofsighthatcanoftenbeheardinscreeningroomsaroundtheworld.

1.WhatdowelearnaboutTomSeatonfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Aweeklylunchwasarrangedforcriticsto___.

3.WhenMarkstartedworkingforTheFrontPage,he___.

4.Intheend,theorganizationoftheteamwasinfluencedby___.

5.Marktakesthenewwayofworkingas“luxury”(paragraph5)because___.

问题1选项

A.HeencouragedMarktobecomeawriter

B.Hehadworkedinvariousareasofthemedia

C.HemetMarkwhenworkingfortelevision

D.Hepreferstoemploypeoplethathemeetssomewhere

问题2选项

A.gettoknoweachother

B.exchangeinformation

C.takeworksfornewcriticism

D.entertainoccasionalvisitors

问题3选项

A.doubtedthepaperwouldsucceed

B.wasembarrassedatbeingrecognized

C.feltitneededimprovement

D.wassurprisedtoearnsomuch

问题4选项

A.thereaders'preference

B.theavailabilityofwriters

C.thepressureoftime

D.thepopularityofsubjects

问题5选项

A.itenableshimtoplayhisrole

B.itenableshimtomakeachoice

C.itenableshimtoseetheworld

D.itenableshimtoseealotoffilms

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键字thefirstparagraph可以定位到文章首段“ThatwashowImetTomSeaton,thefirstartseditorofTheFrontPagewhohadalsowrittenfortelevision.”中文翻译为：我就是这样认识了汤姆•西顿(TomSeaton)的，他是《纽约时报》头版的第一位艺术编辑，同时也为电视撰稿。可以判断只有C项“他在为电视台工作时遇到了马克”正确。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键字Aweeklylunch可以定位到原文第二段“TherewouldbeaweeklylunchatwhichwewouldmakeourchoicesfromtheartisticmaterialthatTomhaddecidedweshouldcover…”中文大意为：每周会有一次午餐，我们会从汤姆决定我们应该报道的艺术材料中做出选择。因此可知C选项“接受新的评论工作”正确，符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第三段“Itseemedsounlikelythatapapercouldbeintroducedintoacrowdedmarket.”中文翻译为：一份报纸似乎不太可能被引入一个拥挤的市场。判断A选项“怀疑这份报纸能否成功”正确。

4.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第四段“Itturnedout,too,thatthegeneralpublicouttherepreferredtoassociateareviewerwithasinglesubjectarea,andsoIchosefilm.”中文翻译为：结果也证明，公众更喜欢把一个评论家和一个单一的主题领域联系起来，所以我选择了电影。可知选项A“读者的偏好”正确。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文倒数第二段“WithoutTom'sinitialpush,though,wewouldhardlyhavecomeupwiththepresentarrangement,bywhichIwriteanextendedweeklypiece,usuallyononefilm.”中文翻译为：如果没有汤姆最初的推动，我们很

难达成现在的安排，我每周写一篇文章，通常是关于一部电影。以及最后一段“Iwouldn'thavebeeninterestedinthemorestandardfilmcritic'srole,whichinvolvesconsideringeveryfilmthatcomesout.”中文翻译为：我不会对更标准的影评人这个角色感兴趣，这个角色需要考虑每一部上映的电影。判断出B选项“这使他能够做出选择”符合题意。

6.翻译题

中国园林是经过三千多年演化而形成的独具一格的园林景观，是中国建筑不可分割的一部分。从建园者身份来看，中国园林主要分为两类：皇家园林和私家园林。皇家园林是为皇室成员享乐而建造，大多数皇家园林在北方。私家园林主要由学者、商人和政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造，南方比较多见。典型的中国园林周围有围墙，院内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由弯曲的小路和走廊衔接的建筑，构成了一种人与自然和谐相处的微缩景观。

【答案】Chinesegardenisauniquelandscapeformedaftermorethanthreethousandyearsofevolution.ItisaninseparablepartofChinesearchitecture.Fromtheidentityofthegardeners,Chinesegardensaremainlydividedintotwocategories:imperialgardensandprivategardens.Theimperialgardenswerebuiltforthepleasureofthemembersoftheroyalfamily,mostoftheminthenorth.Privategardenswerebuiltmainlybyscholars,merchantsandgovernmentofficialstoescapefromthenoisyoutsideworld,especiallyintheSouth.TypicalChinesegardensaresurroundedbywalls,surroundedbyponds,rockery,trees,flowersandplants,aswellasvariousbuildingsconnectedbywindingpathsandcorridors,whichconstituteaminiaturelandscapeofharmonybetweenmanandnature.

7.单选题

Becauseofthestroke,thespeakingcenterofthebrainwasdeaD.Whenshesays“speaking”,shemeanscommunicationinanyform:writing,drawing,bodylanguage,gestures—anymeansofexpressingherselfbesides______sounds.

问题1选项

A.vibrating

B.intoning

C.recording

D.vocal

【答案】D

【解析】考查近义词词义辨析。A选项vibrating“振动，（使）震动；颤抖；共鸣”；B选项intoning“缓慢庄重地说；吟咏”；C选项recording“录音；记录；录像”；D选项vocal“歌唱的；声音的，有声的”。句意：由于中风，大脑的说话中枢已经死亡。当她说“说话”,意味着任何形式的沟通：写作，画画，肢体语言，手势，任何方式表达自己除了……的声音。联系前文，她有多种形式表达沟通，但是除了……的声音，可以推测，她由于中风不能发出声音，因此D选项vocal（有声的）符合句意，可知D选项正确。

8.单选题

In1517aGermanmonk,MartinLuther,challengedcertainCatholicteachingsandrenouncedhisobediencetothepapacy.

问题1选项

A.announced

B.followed

C.denied

D.proclaimed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项announced“宣布；宣称”；B选项followed“跟着；听从；继承”；C选项denied“拒绝；拒签”；D选项proclaimed“正式宣布”。句意：1517年，一位德国修道士马丁•路德挑战了某些天主教教义，宣布放弃对教皇的服从。结合此处关键词challenged“挑战”，可排除选项B，C选项不符合题意，也可排除。A选项虽有“宣布”的意思，但不够正式，根据句意，推测马丁•路德的宣布内容应更为正式，得知D选项正确。

9.翻译题

将模糊性(fuzzy,adj)和定性评价合理地转化为定量评价，进而选择最优设计解，是产品设计的关键。论文运用模糊综合评判与比较的方法，以MicrosoftVisualBasic5.0为软件平台，建立了计算机辅助的设计方案择优系统。提供了对产品设计方案定量评价和择优、将结果存档、调用和打印等功能。

【答案】Itisaveryimportantprocedureofproductdesigntotransformrationallyfuzzyandqualitativeevaluationintoquantitativeevaluationforoptimumsolution.Thispaperintroducesacomputer-aidedselectionsystemforoptimumsolutiontoproducedesign.ThesystemisestablishedontheplatformofMicrosoftVisualBasic5.0withthemethodoffuzzycomprehensivejudgmentsandcomparison.Ithasthefunctionsofquantitativeevaluation,selectionoftheoptimumdesignsolution,filling,consultingandprintingoftheoptimizedresults.

10.写作题

Wearepayingmoreattentiontothevulnerable(weak)groupsofpeopleinoursociety,suchasthedisabled,thesickelderly,thedivorcedmothers,andchildrenwithrural-workerparentsinbigcities,andetC.Whatisyourattitudetowardsthem?Pleasegiveyouropinion.Youmayfocusonaparticulargrouporthevulnerableasawholegroup.Writeapassageabout200words.Youmustshowyourclearpointofviewwithsufficientsupportingpoints.Youshouldhaveyourowntitle.

【答案】略

11.单选题

Weoften______ourenergiesintrivialoccupations.

问题1选项

A.dissipated

B.indulged

C.unscrambled

D.took

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项dissipated“消散；浪费”；B选项indulged“沉溺；满足；放任”；C选项unscrambled“使……还原；译出；理顺，理清”；D选项took“拿；取；接受”。句意：我们经常……我们的精力在琐碎的工作上。根据单词trivialoccupations（琐碎的工作），可推测我们经常会浪费我们的精力在一些琐碎的工作上，结合此处语境，选项A为正确答案。

12.单选题

Theauthoritiesclaimthattherateofcrimeisdeclining,butstatisticsshow______.

问题1选项

A.clockwise

B.otherwise

C.elsewhere

D.likewise

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项clockwise“顺时针方向地”；B选项otherwise“另外，否则”；C选项elsewhere“在别处；到别处”；D选项likewise“同样地；也”。句意：当局声称犯罪率正在下降，但数据却没显示……。根据but可知，句型表示转折，只有选项B表示转折，因此B选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.

问题1选项

A.operate

B.contribute

C.monitor

D.send

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项operate“操作；经营；引起；行动”；B选项contribute“贡献，出力；投稿；捐献”；C选项monitor“监控”；D选项send“发送，寄；派遣；使进入；发射”。句意：然后，她可以在电脑屏幕上操纵3d图像，绘制出最短、侵袭性最小的肿瘤手术路径。结合此处关键短语maptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpath“绘制出最短、侵袭性最小的肿瘤手术路径”，得知A选项最符合句意。

14.单选题

Asfewhouseholdappliancesarenowperfect,thisminordefectisnegligible.

问题1选项

A.detectable

B.trifling

C.inexcusable

D.magnificent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项detectable“可检测的；可发觉的”；B选项trifling“微不足道的；轻浮的”；C选项inexcusable“不可原谅的；没法辩解的；不可宽恕的”；D选项magnificent“高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的”。句意：由于现在很少有家用电器是完美的，这个小小的缺陷是可以忽略不计的。结合此处关键词minor（微小的），得知B选项正确。

15.单选题

Hewasaccusedofbeinga______becausehemadepromiseswhicharousedfutilehopesinhislisteners.

问题1选项

A.spokesman

B.demagogue

C.representative

D.politician

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项spokesman“发言人；代言人”；B选项demagogue“煽动者；煽动家；煽动政治家”；C选项representative“代表；典型；众议员；销售代表”；D选项politician“政治家”。句意：他被指控为一名……，因为他的承诺在听众中激起了无用的希望。由arousedfutilehopesinhislisteners（在他的听众中激起了无用的希望）可知B选项与其意思对应正确，结合此处语境，B选项正确。

16.单选题

Foodsubsidiesarenecessaryforkeepingdownthepriceofdairyproductsandbread.

问题1选项

A.controls

B.aids

C.accumulations

D.transformations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项controls“控制；控制装置”；B选项aids“艾滋病”；C选项accumulations“积聚，累积；堆积物”；D选项transformations“转变”。句意：食品补贴对于压低乳制品和面包的价格是必要的。结合此处关键短语keepingdowntheprice（压低价格），得知A选项正确。

17.单选题

Ican’t___whathashappenedtothevegetables,fortheywerefreshlypickedthismorning.

问题1选项

A.figureout

B.drawout

C.lookout

D.workout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组。A选项figureout“了解，弄清楚”；B选项drawout“拉长”；C选项lookout“留神，小心”；D选项workout“解决出，算出”。句意：我不知道这些蔬菜怎么了，因为它们是今天早上刚摘的。结合句意，A选项正确。

18.单选题

Mybosshasalwaysattendedtothe___ofimportantbusinesshimself.

问题1选项

A.transaction

B.stimulation

C.transition

D.solution

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项transaction“交易；事务；办理；会报，学报”；B选项stimulation“刺激；激励，鼓舞”；C选项transition“过渡；转变；[分子生物]转换；变调”；D选项solution“解决方案；溶液；溶解；解答”。句意：我的老板总是亲自处理重要事务。A选项正确。

19.单选题

Sometimesithasbeenarguedthattheevolutionwas___andmorerecentlystillithasbeenarguedthatnoevolutionineitherdirectiontookplace.

问题1选项

A.ontheotherhand

B.theotherwayround

C.onthegrounds

D.theotherwayabout

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组。A选项ontheotherhand“另一方面”；B选项theotherwayround“相反”；C选项onthegrounds“是基于事实的”；D选项theotherwayabout“相反地，以相反方式”。句意：有时人们争论说进化是基于事实的，而最近人们还争论说没有朝任何一个方向发生进化。结合句意判断出C选项正确。

20.翻译题

ChinaDreamistheguidingideologyputforwardbyPresidentXiJinping.HebelievesthatitisthegreatestdreamoftheChinesenationinmoderntimes,andstatesthatthedreamcandefinitelyberealizeD.ThecoreobjectiveofChinaDreamistoachievethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.Tobemorespecific,thatistorealizenationalprosperityandrejuvenation,aswellasthewell-beingofpeople.Anditsfundamentalrequirementistobuildawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.Onlywhenthecountryisdevelopedcomprehensivelyandscientifically,canindividualsrealizetheirdreams.Similarly,onlywheneveryoneisfullofpassion,canChinaDreambebeautiful.

【答案】中国梦，是习近平主席提出的指导思想。他认为，这是近代以来中华民族最伟大的梦想，这个梦想一定能够实现。中国梦的核心目标是实现中华民族伟大复兴。具体来说，就是要实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。其根本要求是全面建设小康社会。只有国家全面科学发展，个人才能实现自己的梦想。同样，只有每个人都充满激情，中国梦才会美丽。

21.单选题

SusanTellertraveledandlecturedthroughoutthecountryto___educationandprofessionalskillssothatwomencouldenterthepublicworld.

问题1选项

A.advocate

B.acquire

C.proclaim

D.prosecute

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项advocate“提倡，拥护；为……辩护”；B选项acquire“获得；取得；学到；捕获”；C选项proclaim“宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬”；D选项prosecute“检举；贯彻；从事；依法进行；起诉；告发；做检察官”。句意：苏珊•泰勒在全国各地旅行和演讲，宣扬教育和专业技能，使妇女能够进入公共世界。根据句意，C选项正确。

22.单选题

Thereareover6,000differentcomputerandonlinegamesintheworldnow.Asegmentofthemareconsideredtobebotheducationalandharmlesslyentertaining.Onesuchgameteachesgeography,andanothertrainspilots.Otherstraintheplayerinlogicalthinkingandproblemsolving.Somegamesmayalsohelppeopletobecomemorecomputerliterate,whichismoreimportantinthistechnology-drivenera.

Butthedarksideofthecomputergameshasbecomesmoreandmoreobvious.“Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage,”saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.“Unfortunately,it'sasegmentthatseemsparticularlypopularwithkidsagedeighttofifteen.”

Onestudyshowedthatalmost80percentofthecomputerandonlinegamesyoungpeoplepreferredcontainedviolence.Theinvestigatorssaid“Thesearenotjustgamesanymore.Thesearelearningmachines.We’reteachingkidsinthemostincrediblemannerwhatit'sliketopullthetrigger.Whattheyarenotlearningarethereal-lifeconsequences.”

Theyalsosaid“Thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesareevenworse,becausetheyhavebettergraphicsandallowtheplayerstoparticipateinevenmorerealisticviolentacts.”InthegameCarmageddon,forexample,theplayerwillhavedrivenoverandkilledupto33,000peoplebythetimealllevelsarecompleteD.Adescriptionoftheoutcomeofthegamesays:“Yourvictimsnotonlysquishunderyourtiresandsplatterbloodonthewindshield;theyalsogetontheirkneesandbegformercy,orcommitsuicide.Ifyoulike,youcanalsodismemberthem.”

Isallthisstimulatedviolenceharmful?Approximately3,000differentstudieshaveconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.

Somespecialistsdownplaytheinfluenceofthegames,sayingthatotherfactorsmustbetakenintoconsideration,suchasthepossibilitythatkidswhoalreadyhaveviolenttendenciesarechoosingsuchgames.Butcoulditbethatviolentgamesstillplayacontributionrole?Itseemsunrealistictoinsistthatpeoplearenotinfluencedbywhattheysee.Ifthatweretrue,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfortelevisionadvertising?

1.Accordingtoonestudy,mostcomputerandonlinegames______.

2.Whatdoestheword“dismember”inParagraph4mean?

3.Manystudieshavesuggestedthat______.

4.Theauthoruses“televisionadvertising”asanexampletoillustratethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforpassageis______.

问题1选项

A.allowtheplayerstotakepartinkillingacts

B.thatyoungpeoplelikeinvolveviolence

C.teachtheplayerstobeantisocial

D.maketheplayersforgettherealliferesults

问题2选项

A.Tocutsomebodyintopieces

B.Tokicksomebodyout

C.Todismisssomebody

D.Tostabaknifeintosomebody

问题3选项

A.moreandmoreyoungpeopleappreciatecruelcomputergames

B.therearenowfarmoreincidentsofviolenceduetocomputergames

C.violenceincomputergamesmakestheirplayermoreaggressive

D.simulatedviolenceincomputergamesisdifferentfromreallife

问题4选项

A.otherfactorsmustbeconsideredaspossiblecausesofviolenceinreallife

B.thereisacloselinkbetweencomputergamesandincreasinglygrowingviolenceinreallife

C.computerandonlinegamesarenottheonlycauseofincreasedviolenceinreality

D.thecommercialworldiscontributingtotheincreasedviolenceinreality

问题5选项

A.TheDevelopmentofViolentComputerGames

B.AstudyontheInfluenceofComputerandOnlineGames

C.TheDarkSideofComputerandOnlineGames

D.ComputerandOnlineGames—AdvantagesandDisadvantages

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage.”saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.中文翻译为：国家媒体与家庭研究所所长大卫•沃尔什说，部分游戏以暴力、性和粗俗语言为反社会主题。A选项“允许玩家参与杀戮行为”可排除。B选项“年轻人喜欢使用暴力”可排除。D选项“让玩家忘记现实生活的结果”可排除。C选项“教导玩家要反社会”最符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.词义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段中最后一句“youcanalsodismemberthem.”中文翻译为：你也可以肢解它们。B选项“把某人赶出去”排除。C选项“解雇某人”不符合题意。D选项“用刀刺某人”也可排除。由此可知A选项“把某人切成碎片”正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段“Approximately3,000differentstudieshaveconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.”中文翻译为：大约有3000个不同的研究在这个问题上进行。许多人认为游戏中的暴力行为和玩家攻击性的增强之间存在联系A选项“越来越多的年轻人喜欢残酷的电脑游戏”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“现在有更多的暴力事件是由于电脑游戏”不符合题意，故排除。C选项“电脑游戏中的暴力使玩家更具攻击性”符合题意。因此C选项正确。D选项“电脑游戏中的模拟暴力不同于现实生活”不符合题意，故排除。

4.作者意图题。根据题干关键词“televisionadvertising”定位到原文第六段“Ifthatweretrue,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfortelevisionadvertising?”，中文翻译为：如果这是真的，为什么商业世界每年要花费数十亿美元在电视广告上。联系上下文，D选项“现实中，商业世界正在助长暴力的增加”最符合题意，因此选项D正确。A选项“其他因素也必须被认为是现实生活中暴力的可能原因”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“电脑游戏和现实生活中日益增长的暴力之间有着密切的联系”不符合题意，故排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏并不是现实中暴力增加的唯一原因”不符合题意，故排除。

5.判断推理题。A选项“TheDevelopmentofViolentComputerGames”暴力电脑游戏的发展，文章不仅仅讲暴力游戏的发展，故A选项排除。B选项“计算机和网络游戏的影响研究”，文章对于计算机并未提及，故B选项排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏的黑暗面”，在文章第一段也讲述了网络游戏的益处，故C选项排除。D选项“电脑和网络游戏的优点和缺点”最符合题意，故选D。

23.单选题

Butagingdoesnothavetotakeatollonceitdidonherfaceandbody.Therearenowmanysolutionsavailabletoaidwomenintheirquestfortheirlonglastinghealthandbeauty.

问题1选项

A.takeover

B.composeof

C.slowdown

D.haveanegativeeffect

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组。A选项takeover“接管；接收”；B选项composeof“由……组成”；C选项slowdown“减速，放慢速度；使……慢下来”；D选项haveanegativeeffect“产生负面影响”。句意：不过，一旦衰老对她的脸和身体造成了影响，就不必为此付出代价。现在有很多方法可以帮助女性追求持久的健康和美丽。结合此处关键词takeatoll“产生负面影响；造成损失；产生严重的不良影响”，得知D选项正确。

24.单选题

Sometimesitcanbeshownthatthetissuenotonlylookshomogeneous,butactuallyisso,because,ifthetissueiscutinhalf,eachhalfwillregulatetogiverisetothesamepatternaswouldotherwisehavebeenproducedbythewhole.

问题1选项

A.create

B.occur

C.emerge

D.deteriorate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项create“创造，创作；造成”；B选项occur“发生；出现；存在”；C选项emerge“浮现；摆脱；暴露”；D选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”。句意：可以证明，组织不仅看起来是均匀的，而且实际上是均匀的，因为如果组织被切成两半，每一半将调节以产生与整体相同的图案。结合此处关键词giveriseto“造成；引起；导致”，得知A为正确答案。

25.单选题

Perfectlymatchedpearls,strungintoanecklace,bringafarhigherpricethanthesamepearlssold______.

问题1选项

A.collectively

B.invariably

C.reluctantly

D.individually

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项collectively“集体地，共同地”；B选项invariably“总是；不变地；一定地”；C选项reluctantly“不情愿地；嫌恶地”；D选项individually“个别地，单独地”。句意：相互般配的珍珠，串成一条项链，就……能卖到比同等珍珠卖出的好得多的价钱。根据句意，A选项及C选项都可排除。D选项“individually”也不符合句意，也可排除。因此B选项正确。

26.单选题

McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayaretodaynamedasthemostlitteredbrandsinEnglandasKeepBritainTidycalledonfast-foodcompaniestodomoretotacklecustomerswhodroptheirwrappersanddrinkscartons(盒子)inthestreets.

PhilBarton,chiefexecutiveofKeepBritainTidy,1itsnewDirtyPigcampaign,saiditwasthefirsttimeithadinvestigatedwhichbrandsmadeup“litteredEngland”andthesamenamesappearedagainandagain.“Wecondemnpeoplefordroppingthisfastfoodlitterinthefirstplacebutalsobelievetheresultshave2messagesforthefastfoodindustry.McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayneedtodomoreto3litteringbytheircustomers.”

HerecognizedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,includingplacinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols,butitslitter4“alltooprevalent”.Allfastfoodchainsshouldreduceunnecessarypackaging,headdeD.Companiescouldalsoreducepricesforthosewhostayedtoeatfoodontheirpremises,offermoney-offvouchersorother5forthosewhoreturnedpackagingandputmorebinsat6pointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises.AspokesmanforMcDonald’ssaid:“Wedoourbest.Obviouslyweaskallourcustomersto7oflitterresponsibly.”Trialsofmoreextensive,all-daylitterpatrolswereunder8inManchesterandBirmingham.KFCsaidittookits9forlittermanagement“veryseriously”,andwouldintroduceaprogramtoreducepackagingonmanyproducts.Subwaysaidthatitworkedhardto10theimpactoflitteroncommunities,butitwas“stilldowntotheindividualcustomertodisposeoftheirlitterresponsibly”.Greggssaiditrecognizedthe“continuingchallengeforusall”,despitehavingalreadytakenmeasurestohelptackletheissue.

问题1选项

A.releasing

B.discharging

C.founding

D.launching

问题2选项

A.coherent

B.pertinent

C.consistent

D.redundant

问题3选项

A.discourage

B.forbid

C.persuade

D.damage

问题4选项

A.continued

B.indicate

C.remained

D.left

问题5选项

A.incentive

B.premises

C.stimulus

D.proximity

问题6选项

A.convenient

B.strategic

C.near

D.eye-catching

问题7选项

A.propose

B.dissolve

C.handle

D.dispose

问题8选项

A.way

B.construction

C.pressure

D.government

问题9选项

A.shoulder

B.burden

C.turn

D.responsibility

问题10选项

A.resolve

B.dissolve

C.minimize

D.dilute

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:C

【解析】1.考查动词词义辨析。A选项release“释放；放出；放走；放开；松开；使自由移动（或飞翔、降落等）；发泄；宣泄”；B选项discharge“卸货；排出”；C选项found“创办（组织）；建立（国家）；以……为基础；熔化”；D选项launching“发射；发动；开始从事”。根据上下文，以及关键字newDirtyPigcampaign“新的脏猪运动”判断出此处表达“发起……运动”，D选项正确。

2.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项coherent“连贯的，一致的；明了的；清晰的”；B选项pertinent“相关的，相干的；中肯的；切题的”；C选项consistent“始终如一的，一致的；坚持的”；D选项redundant“多余的，过剩的；被解雇的，失业的；冗长的，累赘的”。根据上下文，以及关键字forthefastfoodindustry“快餐业”判断出此处表达“和……有关的”，B选项正确。

3.考查动词词义辨析。A选项discourage“阻止；使气馁”；B选项forbid“禁止；不准；不允许；〈正式〉严禁”；C选项persuade“说服，劝说；使某人相信；劝某人做（不做）某事”；D选项damage“损害，毁坏”。根据上下文，以及关键字litteringbytheircustomers“阻止顾客乱扔垃圾”判断出此处表达“阻止”，A选项正确。

4.考查动词词义辨析。A选项continued“继续，延续；仍旧，连续”；B选项indicate“表明；指出；预示；象征”；C选项remain“保持；依然；留下；剩余；逗留；残存”；D选项leave“离开”。根据上文“HerecognizedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,includingplacinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols”，中文翻译为：他肯定了麦当劳所做的努力，包括设立垃圾箱和增加垃圾巡逻。以及空格后“alltooprevalent”，中文翻译为“太普遍了”判断出此处C选项正确。

5.考查名词词义辨析。A选项incentive“动机；刺激；鼓励”；B选项premise“前提；经营场址；房屋；契约前言”；C选项stimulus“刺激；激励；刺激物”；D选项proximity“接近，[数]邻近；接近；接近度，距离；亲近”。根据上文“offermoney-offvouchers”，中文翻译为：提供折价券，判断出A选项正确。

6.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项convenient“方便的；近便的；实用的”；B选项strategic“战略上的，战略的”；C选项near“近的，靠近的；接近的；近似的；不久的；近亲的；小气的”；D选项eye-catching“引人注目的；耀眼的；显著的”。空格处“putmorebinsat…pointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises”，中文大意为：在当地街道上的……点（而不仅仅是店外）放置更多垃圾箱。可知B选项正确。

7.考查固定搭配。A选项propose“建议；打算，计划；求婚”；B选项dissolve“溶解；解散；消失”；C选项handle“处理，应付（局势、人、工作或感情）；（用手）触，拿，搬动；控制，操纵（车辆、动物、工具等）”；D选项dispose“处理；处置；安排；使倾向于”。根据上下文，以及固定搭配disposeof“丢掉，清除”可知D选项正确。

8.考查固定搭配。A选项way“方法；道路；方向；行业；习惯”；B选项construction“建设；建筑物；解释；造句”；C选项pressure“压力；压迫，[物]压强”；D选项government“政府；政体；管辖”。underway“进行着；航行中”，A选项正确。

9.考查名词词义辨析。A选项shoulder“肩，肩膀；肩部”；B选项burden“负担；责任；船的载货量”；C选项turn“转弯；变化；（损害或有益于别人的）行为，举动，举止”；D选项responsibility“责任，职责；义务”。联系下文“andwouldintroduceaprogramtoreducepackagingonmanyproducts”，以及固定搭配takeresponsibilityfor对……负责，可知D选项正确。

10.考查动词词义辨析。A选项resolve“决定；溶解；使……分解；决心要做……”；B选项dissolve“使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C选项minimize“使减到最少；小看，极度轻视”；D选项dilute“稀释，冲淡；削弱；变稀薄，变淡”。根据下文“theimpactoflitteroncommunities”可知C选项正确。

27.单选题

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensus—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdatA.Thesedatamaybequantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofotherwiseunwieldymassordata.

InferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanminD.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproport