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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题
Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill(
)totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.
问题1选项
A.conform
B.confirm
C.confine
D.confront
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。conform意为“遵守,遵从,服从”;confirm意为“确认,批准”;confine意为“限制”;confront意为“面对”。
句意:在任何一个文化环境中的绝大多数人都会遵守那种文化的既定标准。
2.单选题
Themedicalstudentsstudiedthe(
)ofthehumanbody.
问题1选项
A.framework
B.outline
C.skeleton
D.segment
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。framework意为“构架,框架”;outline意为“梗概,大纲,提纲”;skeleton意为“骨骼,骨架,骨骼标本”;segment意为“部分,段落”。
句意:医学专业的学生研究了人体的骨骼。
3.单选题
Whetheryouareagorilla,afouryearoldchild,apoliticianoranOlympicathlete,thesignsofvictoryareobviousforalltosee:thechestinflates,theheadisthrownbackandthevictordisplaysastruttingandconfidentair.Shameatbeingdefeatedisequallyrecognizable:theheadbows,andsometimestheshouldersslumpandthechestnarrowstoo—somethingthatisnotamillionmilesawayfromthecringingposturesassociatedwithsubmissioninanimals,fromchimpanzeestorats,rabbitsandevensalamanders.Arethesedisplaysofprideandshamecommontoallhumans?Iftheyare,theywillhaveevolvedtoservesomefunction.
IntheirresearchpublishedinProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,ateamofresearchersanalyzedimagesofblindandsightedathletesfromdifferentculturesfromthejudocompetitionheldinthe2004OlympicandParalympicsGames.Theylookedforwhetherornotcompetitorsindulgedinpost-matchbehaviorsuchastiltingtheirheadsback,raisingtheirarmsorexpandingtheirchestsinvictory,orhidingtheirfaceornarrowingtheirchestsindefeat.Theyfoundthatinresponsetosuccessandfailure,peoplefromdifferentculturesdisplayedthestereotypicalgesturesofprideandsomeofthecomponentsofexpressionsofshame.Thisincludedtheblindcompetitors—eventhoseblindfrombirth.
Althoughtheresearcherssaythatcongenitallyblindchildrenmighthavebeentaughtbytheirparentstolifttheirhandsabovetheirheadsafteravictory,theyspeculatethatitwouldbehardertoteachthemthefullspectrumofdisplaystheywitnessed.Thesefindings,then,implythatdisplaysofpridearenotsimplyculturalstereotypeslearntafterbirth:butaninnateformofbehaviorthatwasrelevanttothewayhumanslived.Adisplayofpride(orshame),inotherwords,maybeanevolvedandinnatebehavioralresponse.
Why?Suchdisplaysmayhaveanevolutionaryfunction.Peoplecouldbeadvertisingtheiraccomplishmentsandensuringtheirstatusandacceptancewithintheirsocialgroup.Similarly,shameshowsacceptanceofadefeatandareluctancetofighton(whichmayhelptoavoidfurtheraggression),andsomightwellbeadisplayofsubmission.
Theresearchersalsofoundthatthebehavioralresponsetoshamewasweakerinsightedathletesfromculturesthatwereindividualistic—or“self-expressionvaluing”—societiesintheWest.Theysuggestthatathletesfromthesepartsweresuppressingresponsesinaccordancewith“culturalnorms”thatstigmatizedisplaysofshame.Ifso,thiswouldexplainwhythecongenitallyblinddisplayedmoreshameindefeatthandidpeoplewhobecameblindlaterinlife.
1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorproposeshishypothesisby(
).
2.Whyareblindathleteschosenfortheresearch?
3.Theprideandshameresponsesprobablyfunctionas
(
).
4.Whichofthefollowingpost-matchbehaviorofathletesshowsuniqueculturalinfluence?
问题1选项
A.drawingananalogy
B.makingacomparison
C.listingspecificexamples
D.explainingaphenomenon
问题2选项
A.Toidentifytheirdistinctivebehavioralfeatures.
B.Toillustratethetypicalgesturesusedbythedisabled.
C.Toproveinstinctiveprideandshamereactions.
D.Tojustifytheimportanceoflearningafterbirth.
问题3选项
A.determiningone’ssocialstatus
B.showingone’sattitude
C.exchangingpersonalfeelings
D.signalingtheendofafight
问题4选项
A.Hidingtheirfaces.
B.Puffingouttheirchests.
C.Raisingtheirarms.
D.Removingtheirclothing.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:A
【解析】1.推理判断题。类比(drawingananalogy)指将两个本质上不同的事物就其共同点进行比较,由文章第一段可知作者是将动物与人两个不同的对象,其对胜利的表现都是相同的进行比较,因此选A。
2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中Theyfoundthatinresponsetosuccessandfailure,peoplefromdifferentculturesdisplayedthestereotypicalgesturesofprideandsomeofthecomponentsofexpressionsofshame.Thisincludedtheblindcompetitors—eventhoseblindfrombirth.(他们发现这些在胜利和失败的反应中,来自不同文化的人们展示出一成不变的胜利姿态和由若干固定成分组成的羞愧表情。这其中包括盲人运动员,甚至还是先天失明的)可知C选项“来证明其骄傲和羞耻的本能反应”符合题意。
3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Peoplecouldbeadvertisingtheiraccomplishmentsandensuringtheirstatusandacceptancewithintheirsocialgroup.Similarly,shameshowsacceptanceofadefeatandareluctancetofighton...andsomightwellbeadisplayofsubmission.(人们要夸耀他们的成就,确保他们的地位和社会群体的认同。同样地,羞愧表现出对失利的接受和对继续战斗的不情愿,也很可能是一种顺从的表现)可知这些都是对态度的表现,因此选B。
4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Theysuggestthatathletesfromthesepartsweresuppressingresponsesinaccordancewith"culturalnorms"thatstigmatizedisplaysofshame.(研究表明来自于这些地方的职业运动员抑制了反应,而这种反应与控制耻辱表现的社会行为规范相一致)可知A“把他们的脸藏起来”属于抑制自己反应的表现,因此选A。
4.单选题
Everythingintheshopistooexpensive;Iwon'tpay$200forthefurcoatbecauseitisnotworth(
).
问题1选项
A.allthatmuch
B.thatmuchall
C.thatallmuch
D.muchallthat
【答案】A
【解析】考查限定词词序。限定词的排序:前位限定词(指量限定词all,both,half等;倍数词、分数词等)+中位限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格)+后位限定词(序数词、基数词,数量词及短语many,much,little,few,plentyof,alotof)。
句意:商店里的东西都太贵了;我不会付200美元买这件毛皮大衣,因为它根本不值这么多钱。
5.单选题
Difficultmarketconditionswere(
)whenKoreantannersenteredtheUKandNewZealandrawmaterialmarkets,drivingupprices.
问题1选项
A.relieved
B.changed
C.deteriorated
D.solved
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。relieve意为“减轻,缓和”;change意为“改变”;deteriorate意为“变坏恶化”;solve意为“解决”。
句意:当韩国制革工人进入英国和新西兰的原材料市场,抬高了价格,困难的市场条件恶化了。
6.单选题
Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?Manypeopleareworriedaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedby(1)fromhandsetsandbasestations,despitethelackof
(2)
evidenceofanyharm.Butevidenceforthe
(3)
effectsofmobilephonesonhealthisrathermoreabundant.Indeed,asystematicreview
(4)
byRifatAtunandhiscolleaguesatImperialCollege,London,roundsup150examplesoftheuseoftext-messaginginthe
(5)
ofhealthcare.Theseuses
(6)
threecategories:efficiencygains;public-healthgains;anddirectbenefitstopatientsby
(7)
text-messagingintotreatmentregimes.Thestudy,
(8)
byVodafone,theworld'slargestmobileoperator,waspublishedthisweek.
Usingtextingto
(9)
efficiencyisnotrocketscience,butbigsavingscanbeachieved.Several
(10)
carriedoutinEnglandhavefoundthattheuseoftext-messagingreminders
(11)
thenumberofmissedappointmentswithfamilydoctorsby26-39%,forexample,andthenumberofmissedhospitalappointments
(12)
33-50%.Ifsuchschemeswererolledoutnationally,thiswould
(13)
annualsavingsofabout256m-364m.
Textmessagesarealsobeingusedto
(14)
patientsaboutbloodtests,clinics,scansanddentalappointments.SimilarschemesinAmerica,NorwayandSwedenhavehad
(15)
satisfyingresults―thoughtheuseoftext-messageremindersintheNetherlands,wherenon-attendanceratesarelow,at4%,hadnoeffectotherthantoannoypatients.
Textmessagescanalsobeagoodwaytodisseminatepublic-healthinformation,
(16)
togroupswhoarehardtoreachbyothermeans,suchasteenagers,orindevelopingcountrieswhereothermeansofcommunicationare
(17)
.TextmessageshavebeenusedinIndiatoinformpeopleabouttheWorldHealthOrganization'sstrategytocontroltuberculosis,forexample,andinKenya,NigeriaandMalltoprovideinformationaboutHIVandmalaria.InIraq,textmessageswereusedtosupportacampaigntovaccinatenearly5mchildrenagainstpolio.
Finally,therearetheusesoftext-messagingaspartofatreatmentregime.Theseinvolvesendingreminderstopatientstotaketheirmedicineatthefighttime,ortoencourage
(18)
withexerciseregimesoreffortstostopsmoking.Theevidencefortheeffectivenessofsuchschemesisgenerallyanecdotal,however,notesDr.Rifat.Morequantitativeresearchisneeded—whichis
(19)
histeamalsopublishedthreepapersthisweekassociatedwiththeuseofmobilephonesinhealthcareinmoredetail.Oneofthesepapers,written
(20)VictoriaFranklinandStephenGreeneoftheUniversityofDundee,inScotland,reportstheresultsofatrialinwhichdiabeticteenagers’treatmentwascarriedoutwithtextmessaging.
问题1选项
A.radiation
B.ration
C.mediation
D.magnetism
问题2选项
A.incredible
B.credible
C.credulous
D.fabulous
问题3选项
A.beneficiary
B.profitable
C.beneficent
D.beneficial
问题4选项
A.werecarriedout
B.arecarriedout
C.carriedout
D.arebeingcarriedout
问题5选项
A.delivery
B.post
C.transportation
D.circulation
问题6选项
A.fallinto
B.falleninto
C.arefalleninto
D.fallinginto
问题7选项
A.incorporation
B.incorporated
C.incorporating
D.incorporate
问题8选项
A.paid
B.funded
C.made
D.given
问题9选项
A.stimulate
B.boost
C.correct
D.reduce
问题10选项
A.efforts
B.trying
C.trials
D.attempts
问题11选项
A.increases
B.improves
C.reduces
D.deduces
问题12选项
A.by
B.at
C.to
D.for
问题13选项
A.addup
B.accustomto
C.cometo
D.contributeto
问题14选项
A.reminding
B.remind
C.bereminded
D.reminder
问题15选项
A.fairly
B.considerably
C.comparatively
D.equally
问题16选项
A.largely
B.slightly
C.specially
D.particularly
问题17选项
A.available
B.unavailable
C.accessible
D.unaccessible
问题18选项
A.denial
B.refusal
C.compliance
D.complexity
问题19选项
A.why
B.because
C.when
D.how
问题20选项
A.inthecompanyof
B.incomparisonwith
C.incontrastwith
D.inconjunctionwith
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:A
第6题:A
第7题:C
第8题:B
第9题:B
第10题:C
第11题:C
第12题:A
第13题:C
第14题:B
第15题:D
第16题:D
第17题:B
第18题:C
第19题:A
第20题:D
【解析】(1)考查名词辨析。radiation意为“辐射”;ration意为“配给量,定量”;mediation意为“调停,调解”;magnetism意为“磁性,磁力”。此处表示“来自手机与基站的辐射”,因此选A。
(2)考查形容词辨析。incredible意为“不可思议的”;credible意为“可靠的,可信的”;credulous意为“轻信的,易受骗的”;fabulous意为“极好的,极妙的”。此处表示“尽管缺乏可靠的证据表明有任何伤害”,因此选B。
(3)考查形容词辨析。beneficiary意为“受封的,臣服的”;profitable意为“有益的,有利可图的”,主要指在金钱方面有利可图的;beneficent意为“行善的,慈善的”;beneficial意为“有利的,有益的”,指对健康、身心或事业有益。此处表示“手机对健康的有益证据”,因此选D。
(4)考查分词作定语。carryout意为“实施,执行,进行”,carryout是主语asystematicreview(系统性调查)的承受者,再根据空格后面的by,可知此处表示被动关系,故用carryout的过去分词,因此选C。
(5)考查名词辨析。delivery意为“传送,递送”;post意为“邮政,邮递”;transportation意为“运送,运输”;circulation意为“流通”。此处表示“提供医疗保健”,因此选A。
(6)考查谓语动词。分析句子结构,主语为Theseuses,宾语为threecategories,缺少谓语,B、D选项为现在分词,是非谓语动词,故排除;此处表示“短信的用途分为三种”,不需要用被动语态,故排除C选项,因此选A。
(7)考查介词用法。incorporate意为“将……包括在内,包含”。空格前的by为介词,介词后面接动名词,因此选C。
(8)考查动词辨析。pay意为“付款,支付”;fund意为“为……提供资金,拨款给”;make意为“做,制造”;give意为“给”。此处表示“这项研究由Vodafone资助”,因此选B。
(9)考查动词辨析。stimulate意为“刺激”;boost意为“促进,提高”;correct意为“改正,纠正”;reduce意为“减少”。此处表示“使用短信提高效率”,因此选B。
(10)考查词义辨析。effort意为“努力,尝试”;trying意为“试图,想要”;trial意为“(对能力、质量、性能等的)试验,测试”;attempt意为“企图,试图”。此处表示“在英国进行的几次测试发现”,因此选C。
(11)考查动词辨析。increase意为“增加,增大”;improve意为“提高”;reduce意为“减少”;deduce意为“推论,推断”。此处表示“减少26-39%的人错过与家庭医生的预约”,因此选C。
(12)考查介词辨析。此处的andthenumberofmissedhospitalappointments3233-50%与前面的thenumberofmissedappointmentswithfamilydoctorsby26-39%为并列关系,因此也用by,表示相差的程度。
(13)考查词组辨析。addup意为“相加,加起来”;accustomto意为“适应,习惯于”;cometo意为“涉及,共计,苏醒”;contributeto意为“帮助,贡献”。此处表示“每年将节省共计约256万至364万英镑”,因此选C。
(14)考查动词不定式。remind意为“提醒,使想起”,空格前面的to为不定式,后面接动词原形,因此选B。
(15)考查副词辨析。fairly意为“适当,相当地”;considerably意为“相当,非常”;comparatively意为“比较上,相对地”;equally意为“平等地,同样地,相等地”。此处表示“在美国、挪威和瑞典的类似计划,取得了令人同样地满意的结果”,因此选D。
(16)考查副词辨析。largely意为“在很大程度上,主要地”;slightly意为“轻微地,轻轻地”;specially意为“特别地”,指事物特有的性质、性格或专门的目的、用途;particularly意为“尤其,特别”,指与同类事物不同的个别事物。此处表示“尤其是传播给那些其他方式难以接触的人群”,因此选D。
(17)考查形容词辨析。available意为“可获得的”;unavailable意为“难以获得的,不能利用的”;accessible意为“易接近的”;unaccessible意为“难以接近的”。此处表示“或者在没有其他通信手段的发展中国家”,因此选B。
(18)考查名词辨析。denial意为“否认,否定”;refusal意为“拒绝”;compliance意为“顺从,遵从”;complexity意为“复杂性,难以理解的局势”。此处表示“鼓励患者遵守锻炼计划”,因此选C。
(19)考查逻辑关系。此处表示“这就是为什么”,因此选A。
(20)考查词组辨析。inthecompanyof意为“在……的陪同下”;incomparisonwith意为“与……相比,与……比较而言”;incontrastwith意为“与……相比,对照”;inconjunctionwith意为“与……共同,连同,与……协力”。此处表示“VictoriaFranklin和StephenGreene共同完成”,因此选D。
7.单选题
IntheUnitedStates,theneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbecomeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973.Theact,designedtoprotectspecies’livingareas,andpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestscompetewitheconomicinterests.Inthe1990s,forexample,thewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedstateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl,whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintact,ancientforestforsurvival.Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.Aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattles,thefateofthewoodcutters—andtheowls—wasstillundecidedinmid-1992.
Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Manypeopleinindustrializednations,forexample,believethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished;withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.
Manyofthechanges,toEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplantofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth’sozonelayer,forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultra-violetraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.Clearly,protectingEarth’sbiologicaldiversityisacomplexproblem.Butsolutionstohumanity’scurrentproblemswillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth'scomplexweboflife.
1.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighlycontroversialissue?
2.Accordingtothepassage,thepreservationofrainforests(
).
3.Amonghumanity’scurrentproblem,thechiefconcernofthescientistis(
).
4.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis(
).
问题1选项
A.Becausepeoplecan'tagreeastowhatspeciestoprotect.
B.Becauseitisdifficulttofindaneffectivewaytoprotectsuchspecies.
C.Becauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeople.
D.Becauseitisamajorprobleminvolvingaseriesoflegalprocedures.
问题2选项
A.mayhamperadevelopingcountryinitstightagainstpoverty
B.benefitsdevelopedcountriesratherthandevelopingcountries
C.shouldtakepriorityoverthecontrolofhumanpopulation
D.willhelpimprovethelivingconditionsindevelopingcountries
问题3选项
A.theimpoverishmentofdevelopingcountries
B.theexplosionofthehumanpopulation
C.thereductionofbiologicaldiversity
D.theeffectofglobalwarming
问题4选项
A.todescribethedifficultiesinsolvinghumanity’scurrentproblems
B.topointoutthedifferentviewsonhumanity'scurrentproblems
C.toanalyzethecontradictionbetweencountriesindealingwithhumanity'scurrentproblems
D.topresentthathumanity’scurrentproblemscanonlybesolvedthroughthecooperationofnations
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:D
【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.(这种未可预料的形势把环境保护者的利益与公司的利益以及要承受失业的个人的利益对立起来)可知C选项“因为它影响到某些群体的利益”符合题意。
2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished;withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.(但是,随着人口快速增长,开垦土地以暂时避免贫苦和饥荒恶化,发展中国家可能会因此一贫如洗)可知A选项“可能会妨碍发展中国家与贫穷作斗争”符合题意。
3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Manyofthechanges,toEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplantofitsbiologicalrichness.(对地球而言,许多与科学家有关的变化都有可能夺去植物的生物多样性)可知C选项“生物多样性的减少”符合题意。
4.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的Butsolutionstohumanity’scurrentproblemswillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth'scomplexweboflife.(但是,解决人类当前的问题,只有通过协调一致的国际努力来控制人类人口,稳定大气层的组成,并保存完整的地球复杂的生命网)可知D选项“表达现在人类当前的问题只有通过各国的合作才能解决”符合题意。
8.单选题
Thebadweather(
)allourhopesofgoingout.
问题1选项
A.halted
B.frustrated
C.submerged
D.immersed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。halt意为“停止,中止”;frustrate意为“使沮丧,阻止,挫败”;submerge意为“浸没,淹没”;immerse意为“深陷于,沉浸在”。
句意:坏天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。
9.问答题
Iwouldadvise(A)younottopressthematter(B)toohardorbecomeconvincingthat(C)moneydoesnotmatter(D).
【答案】试题答案:C;becomeconvincedthat
【解析】考查固定句型。convince意为“使相信,说服”,一般用于convincesb.that...(使某人相信……),其被动结构为:sb.beconvincedthat...本句为:you...becomeconvincedthat...
10.问答题
Despite(A)hislowopinionof(B)professors—orperhapsin(C)anefforttoimprovethebreed—Smithhimselfeventuallybecameit(D).
【答案】试题答案:D;one
【解析】考查代词用法。it用以指特定的物,即上下文提到的、同名称的、同样事物的那个名词,而不是同类事物的其他东西。one表示泛指,指同名称中的另一事物。此处表示Smith自己最后也成为了一名教授,不是指代前文的professors,因此用one。
11.单选题
Ifyouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasicstrengthsandweaknesses.Successor(1)inyourworkwoulddepend,to
(2)
greatextent,
(3)
yourabilitytouseyourstrengthsandweaknessestothebestadvantage.(4)theutmostimportanceisyourattitude.Apersonwhobeginsajob
(5)
thatheisn’tgoingtolikeitoris
(6)
thatheisgoingtoallisexhibitingaweaknesswhichcanonlyhinderhissuccess.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhoissecureinhis
(7)
thatheisprobablyascapable
(8)doingtheworkasanyoneelseandwhoiswillingtomakeacheerfulattemptasit
(9)
acertainstrengthofpurpose.Thechancesarethathewilldowell.Havingthe
(10)
skillsforaparticularjobisstrength.
(11)
thoseskillsisobviouslyaweakness.Abookkeeperwhocan’t
(12)
racarpenterwhocan'tcutastraightlinewithasawishopelesscases.Thisbookhasbeendesignedtohelpyoucapitalize
(13)
thestrengthandovercomethe
(14)
thatyoubringtothejoboflearning.Butforyour
(15)
,youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow.
(16)
wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe
(17)
insomedetailwithspecificprocessesfordevelopingandstrengthening
(18)
kills.However,tobeginwith,youshouldpauseto
(19)
yourpresentstrengthsandweaknessesinthreeareasthatarecriticaltoyoursuccessorfailureinschool:your
(20),yourreadingandcommunicationskills,andyourstudyhabits.
问题1选项
A.improvement
B.victory
C.failure
D.achievement
问题2选项
A.a
B.the
C.som
D.certain
问题3选项
A.in
B.on
C.of
D.to
问题4选项
A.In
B.Of
C.From
D.Out
问题5选项
A.convinced
B.imagined
C.understood
D.dreamed
问题6选项
A.ensure
B.sure
C.uncertain
D.surely
问题7选项
A.understanding
B.subject
C.idea
D.belief
问题8选项
A.to
B.at
C.of
D.for
问题9选项
A.risks
B.makes
C.reduces
D.possesses
问题10选项
A.prerequisite
B.educational
C.manual
D.basic
问题11选项
A.Having
B.Holding
C.Lacking
D.Loosing
问题12选项
A.read
B.think
C.write
D.add
问题13选项
A.except
B.but
C.for
D.on
问题14选项
A.difficulty
B.weakness
C.strength
D.advantage
问题15选项
A.fortune
B.development
C.luck
D.loan
问题16选项
A.As
B.Since
C.Over
D.Out
问题17选项
A.calculating
B.moving
C.drilling
D.dealing
问题18选项
A.typing
B.working
C.learning
D.emailing
问题19选项
A.examine
B.throw
C.calculate
D.value
问题20选项
A.intelligence
B.work
C.attitude
D.weakness
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:B
第5题:A
第6题:B
第7题:D
第8题:C
第9题:D
第10题:A
第11题:C
第12题:D
第13题:D
第14题:B
第15题:B
第16题:A
第17题:D
第18题:C
第19题:A
第20题:C
【解析】(1)考查逻辑关系。此处的Successor46与后面的yourstrengthsandweaknesses(优势和劣势)相对应,success(成功)对应的词是failure(失败),因此选C。
(2)考查固定搭配。toagreatextent为固定搭配,意为“很大程度上,非常”。
(3)考查固定搭配。此处可将“toagreatextent”看作一个插入语,dependon为固定搭配,意为“依赖,依靠”。
(4)考查介词辨析。of与名词连用,表示具有某种性质,状态,位于句首,表示强调。正常语序为:Yourattitudeisoftheutmostimportance.(beof+名词)
(5)考查动词辨析。convince意为“使确信,使相信”;imagine意为“想象,设想”;understand意为“理解”;dream意为“梦想”。此处表示“如果一个人刚开始工作的人就确信自己不会喜欢……”。
(6)考查固定搭配。or后面省略了主语he,besurethat后面加从句,此处表示“或肯定不适应这项工作”。
(7)考查固定搭配。inone’sbelief为固定搭配,意为“相信”。
(8)考查固定搭配。capableofdoing为固定搭配,意为“有能力做某事,能够做某事”。
(9)考查动词辨析。risk意为“危险,冒险”;make意为“做”;reduce意为“减少”;possess意为“拥有,具有”。
(10)考查形容词辨析。prerequisite意为“先决条件,前提”;educational意为“教育的”;意为“手工的,体力的”;basic意为“基本的”。此处表示“拥有某项工作的必要技能是一个优势”。
(11)考查逻辑关系。由前句的“拥有某项工作的必要技能是一个优势”可知此处表示“____这些技能显然是一个弱势”,having(拥有)与lacking(缺少)相对应,因此选C。
(12)考查逻辑关系。此处列举一些职业需要相对应的技能,因此主语bookkeeper(记账人,簿记员)需要会运算相关方面的能力,因此选D,add意为“加法”。
(13)考查固定搭配。capitalizeon意为“充分利用某事物”。
(14)考查逻辑关系。由前面的“利用优势”可知此处表示“克服缺点”,因此选B。
(15)考查逻辑关系。根据后面的“你必须首先评估一下你现在的处境”可知此处表示“但为了你的发展”更符合语意,因此选B,development意为“发展,进步”。
(16)考查连词。分析句子结构,可知“61wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe...”为两个简单句,需要有连词连接,over与out不是连词,since作连词,意为“从……以后,由于,既然”,as作连词,意为“随着,由于”,此处表示“随着更深入的阅读”,因此选A。
(17)考查动词辨析。calculate意为“计算”;move意为“移动,搬动”;drill意为“训练,演习”;deal意为“处理,涉及,论述”。此处表示“我们将更详细论述发展和加强学习技能的具体过程”,因此选D。
(18)考查动词关系。此处表示“学习技能”,因此选C。
(19)考查逻辑关系。根据前面的youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow(你必须首先评估一下你现在的处境)可知此处表示“检测你现在的优势和劣势”,因此选A,examine意为“检查,调查”。
(20)考查逻辑关系。根据前面的“49theutmostimportanceisyourattitude”可知此处选C,与文章前面的内容相呼应。
12.单选题
Leonardojustdiscoveredthathispassporthad(
)threemonthsago.
问题1选项
A.constrained
B.abolished
C.amended
D.expired
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。constrain意为“强迫”;abolish意为“废除,废止”;amend意为“改良,修改”;expire意为“(因到期而)失效,到期”。
句意:Leonardo刚刚发现他的护照已经过期三个月了。
13.问答题
Inthesedays,withtherisingcostoflife(A),itis(B)dangerousfor(C)amarriedmantoriskhisplaceinhisprofessionorinhiscommunity(D).
【答案】试题答案:A;costofliving
【解析】考查名词辨析。life意为“生活,生命”,强调生活的状态;living意为“生活,生计,谋生”,强调生计,costofliving意为“生活成本”。
14.单选题
1.Lovehastoppledkings,inspiredpoets,sparkedwars,soothedbeasts,andchangedthecourseofhistory.Itiscreditedforlife'sgreatestjoys,blamedforthemostcrushingsorrows.Andofcourse,it"makestheworldgoaround."
2.Allofwhichisnosurprisetobiologists.Theyknowthatloveiscentraltohumanexistence.Wearenotjustprogrammedforreproduction.Thecapacityforlovingemotionsisalsowrittenintoourbiochemistry,essentialifchildrenaretogrowandtothrive.Andlove'sabsencecanbedevastating.Thelossofaspouseoftenhastensdeathinolderpeople.
3.Lovebeganwithmotherhood.Formammalianyoungtosurvive,mothersmustinvestconsiderabletimeandenergyinthem.Ofcourse,thevaryinggrowthratesofmammalianspeciesrequiresomemotherstoinvestmoretimeandenergythanothers.Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.
4.Withthehelpofoxytocin(achemicalthatfostersthebondbetweenmothersandchildren),dotingmothersareabletocatertotheiroffspring'severywhimandwhimper.Whenfemalesofmostmammalianspeciesgivebirth,theirbodiesarefloodedwithoxytocin,knownsince1906asahormonethatstimulatesuterinecontractionsandallowthebreaststo"letdown"milk.Butoxytocinalsoactsasaneurotransmitter,orchemicalmessenger,thatcanguidebehavior.Withoutit,aewecannotrecognizeherownlamb.Avirginfemaleratgivenashotofoxytocinwillnuzzleanotherfemale'spups,crouchingoverthemprotectivelyasiftheywereherown.
5.Studiesofasmallrodentknownastheprairievole,acuddlyballoffur,whosematingbondoflifelongmonogamywouldputmosthumancouplestoshame,indicateoxytocinmayalsoplayaroleintheheadyfeelingsassociatedwithromance."Youjustcan'timaginehowmuchtimetheseanimalsspendtogether.Prairievolesalwayswanttobewithsomebody,"saysCarter.Thevoles'undyingdevotionistheworknotonlyofoxytocinbutalsoofarelatedhormone,vasopressin.Whensinglemaleandfemaleprairievolesmeet;theycommenceatwo-day-longboutofsexthatreleasesoxytocininthefemale'sbrain,bondinghertothemale,whoprefershismate'scompanyaboveallothers,guardinghisfamilyagainstintruderswithajealoushusband'szeal.
6.Likesomehumanplayboys,maleprairievolesseemtogetakickoutofcourtshipmixedwithdanger.CarterandcolleagueCourtneyDeVriesmadeyoung,unmatedvolesswimforthreeminutesbeforeallowingthemtomeetaprospectivemate.Theexerciseelevatedtheanimals'stresshormones,whicharealsoheightenedbyfear.Butwhilefemalesscurriedoffaftertheswimwithoutbondingtothemalesastheynormallywould,malevolesbondedfasterthanever.
7.Humanbeings—unlikerodents—arenotentirelyslavestotheirhormones.Butthebehaviorofvolesmayholdcluestowhymenandwomensometimesholddivergentviewsofsexandromance.Whilemanywomenprefercandlelightandsweettalk,menaremoreapttowelcomearollinthehayanytime,anywhere.Forsomemen(andsomewomen),sexisespeciallyenticingwhenforbidden.CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.
8.Passionateorplatonic,loveaffectsthewholebody,settingtheheartpounding,makingthestomachdoflip-flops,andofcourse,lightingthelionsonfire.Thesevisceralsensationsaretheworkofthevagusnerve,whichtracesameanderingpaththroughthebody,coordinatingtheactivitiesofinternalorgans,saystheUniversityofMaryland'sStephenPorges.Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.
9.Withoutthevagus,saysPorges,lovewouldbeimpossible.Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.This"old"vagusrespondstooxytocinandservesasthepathwaybetweensexualorgansandthebrainforfeelingsofbotharousalandsatiationaftersex.ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelin
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