2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号54

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Ilearntthattherearenogenuinely,（

）animalsinthisarea,alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces.

问题1选项

A.endangered

B.domesticated

C.indigenous

D.extinct

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。endangered意为“快要绝种的”；domesticated意为“驯化了的”；indigenous意为“本地的，土生土长的”；extinct意为“灭绝的”。由后面的alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces（这里所有的动物都是从外地引进的）可知前面表示这个地区的动物不是土生土长的，选C。

句意：我了解到这个地区没有真正本土的动物，这里所有的动物都是从外地引进的。

2.问答题

Thetextanddialoguebelow(A)focuson(B)culturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternsocietieswhich(C)cancreatemisunderstandingifignoring(D).

【答案】试题答案：D;ignored

【解析】考查分词用法。ignore与其逻辑主语culturaldifference之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词形成。

3.单选题

Toomuchtimehas（

）sincetheystartedtalkingontheissue.

问题1选项

A.elapsed

B.occupied

C.circulated

D.detached

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。elapse意为“（时间）消逝，过去”；occupy意为“使用，占用”；circulate意为“循环，传播”；detach意为“分离，拆开”。

句意：自从他们开始讨论这个问题以来，已经花了太多时间。

4.单选题

Mostofthenonverbalcommunicationatworkcentersonasingletheme:power,whichtranslatesintostatus.Ineveryspeciesandsociety,thoseincontroltryto（1）large,strongandfearless.

（2）

someotheranimals

（3）

dominance,humanshavetheirownwaysofsignalingwho'sin

（4）

.“Inourculture,statusshows

（5）

subtlyintherelaxedpostureandwayofinteraction”sayAlbertMehrabian,aprofessorofpsychology.

（

6）

,thoselowerinpositioncharacteristicallydisplaymore

（7）

.“Theclassicexampleisthesoldierstandingat

（8）

inthepresenceofthesuperiorofficer,"saysMehrabian.

Theleadersinagroupusuallyaretheoneswholeanbackintheirchairs.Tomakethepoint,theymaylean

（9）

.Theirgesturesarelargeandfluid,

（10）

aneasyconfidenceandcommandofspace.

（11）

alsotakegreatercontrolofconversation.“Thepersoninauthority

（12）

totalkmore,speaklouderand

（13）

others,”saysMehrabian.

Thebodiesofthepowerfulcanalso“leak”messagesofweaknessthatalwaysbetray

（14）

they'rereallyfeeling.Imaginethis

（15）

:theheadofyourcompanyannouncestohisstaffthatthefirmhasbeenboughtbyagiantcorporation.“Thisisgreatnews!”hesays“Thenewownersaremore

（16）

thanever.”

Ashespeaks,yourbossstandsstifflybehindthechair,hishandsclaspedinfrontofhim.Hesmilesoften,

（17）

hiseyeshaveaseriouslook.Hisvoiceisflat,andthe

（18）

seemshigherthanusual.Shouldyoubelievehim?“Lookfordifferences

（19）

whatyou'reseeingandwhatyou'rehearing,”suggestsAustin.Yourboss’sbodylanguageis

（20）

reassuring.

问题1选项

A.pretend

B.appear

C.seem

D.disguise

问题2选项

A.As

B.Besides

C.Like

D.Despite

问题3选项

A.asserting

B.declaring

C.confirming

D.claiming

问题4选项

A.management

B.duty

C.obligation

D.charge

问题5选项

A.it

B.itself

C.them

D.us

问题6选项

A.Consequently

B.Unfortunately

C.Conversely

D.Undoubtedly

问题7选项

A.rigidity

B.dignity

C.vigor

D.rigor

问题8选项

A.peace

B.length

C.ease

D.attention

问题9选项

A.forward

B.toward

C.ahead

D.over

问题10选项

A.proposing

B.embodying

C.signaling

D.proving

问题11选项

A.Authorities

B.Superiors

C.Inferiors

D.Officials

问题12选项

A.cares

B.intends

C.tends

D.means

问题13选项

A.intervene

B.interfere

C.intermingle

D.interrupt

问题14选项

A.which

B.what

C.that

D.why

问题15选项

A.sight

B.spot

C.scenery

D.scene

问题16选项

A.secure

B.responsible

C.generous

D.optimistic

问题17选项

A.when

B.as

C.although

D.so

问题18选项

A.throat

B.tone

C.note

D.melody

问题19选项

A.in

B.among

C.from

D.between

问题20选项

A.anythingbut

B.nothingbut

C.nomorethan

D.morethan

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:A

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:D

第14题:B

第15题:D

第16题:D

第17题:C

第18题:B

第19题:D

第20题:A

【解析】（1）考查动词辨析。pretend意为“伪装，假装”，强调明显地表露出是假的；appear意为“出现，显现”，主要表达自然流露的现象；seem意为“似乎，看来”指根据某种迹象作出的推断；disguise意为“隐瞒，掩饰”。此处表示“当权者试图看起来高大、强壮和无畏”。

（2）考查逻辑关系。根据空格后的animals和humans可知此处是对这两者进行对比，说明其相似情况，因此选C，like作连词，意为“像……一样，如同”。

（3）考查动词辨析。assert意为“维护，坚持”；declare意为“宣布”；confirm意为“确认，批准”；claim意为“声称”。由空格后的dominance（优势，控制）可知A选项最为恰当。

（4）考查逻辑关系。这句话指的是人与动物的相似之处，故空格处应为dominance的同义词，incharge意为“负责，主管”，因此选D。

（5）考查逻辑关系。由空格后面的subtlyintherelaxedpostureandwayofinteraction可知此处是用来形容status本身的，因此用反身代词作宾语，选B。

（6）考查副词辨析。由前面的status（地位）和空格后的thoselowerinposition（地位较低者）可知此处表示转折，因此选C，conversely意为“相反地，反过来”。

（7）考查逻辑关系。此处与由前面的relaxedpostureandwayofinteraction（放松姿势与互动方式）进行对比，因此填rigidity（僵硬，刻板）。

（8）考查固定搭配。standatattention意为“立正”。atlength意为“终究，终归”；atease意为“安逸，自由自在”；atpeace意为“和平，处于平静状态”。

（9）考查逻辑关系。此处与前面的leanback（仰靠着，向后靠）动作相反，选A，leanforward意为“向前倾，前倾”。

（10）考查动词辨析。propose意为“提议，建议”，主语一般为人；embody意为“表现，象征”；signal意为“表达，表明”；prove意为“证明，证实”，一般用于provetobe。此处的逻辑主语为gestures，因此选C。

（11）考查逻辑关系。此处与前面的theleadersinagroup（集团中的领导人）相照应，因此填superiors（上级）。

（12）考查逻辑关系。care一般用于careabout/for，故排除；intendto意为“打算”；tendto意为“倾向于”；meanto意为“打算，想”。由前面的takegreatercontrolofconversation（更好地控制谈话）可知C选项最为恰当。

（13）考查逻辑关系。由前面的talkmore,speaklouder可知and后面的为并列谓语，intervene意为“干涉，介入”，指介入争端，进行调停，也指干涉他人之事；interfere意为“干涉，干预”，指无权或未获允许而妨碍、阻扰、干涉他人之事；intermingle意为“混合”；interrupt意为“打断（别人的话等）”此处与谈话有关，因此选D，更能体现当权者的独断行为。

（14）考查从句。只有what既能引导名词性从句作betray的宾语，又能在并列从句中充当feel的宾语，因此选B。

（15）考查名词辨析。sight意为“视力范围，视野”；spot意为“地点，场所”；scenery意为“风景，景色”；scene意为“场面，现场”。空格后的冒号是介绍事件发生的场景，因此选D。

（16）考查形容词辨析。secure意为“安全的”；responsible意为“负责的”；generous意为“慷慨的，大方的”；optimistic意为“乐观的，乐观主义的”。由前面的Thisisgreatnews（这是个好消息）可知D选项最符合语义。

（17）考查逻辑关系。由前面的smiles和空格后的aseriouslook可知此处表示让步关系，填although（尽管）。

（18）考查逻辑关系。由前面的Hisvoiceisflat（他的声音是平的）可知此处指音调，填tone。

（19）考查固定搭配。differencesbetween....and....意为“……和……之间的差异”。

（20）考查逻辑关系。anythingbut意为“根本不，决不”；nothingbut意为“只有，只不过”；nomorethan意为“不过是，仅仅”；morethan意为“不知是”。本段表示“老板一边安慰下属公司很可靠，一边又提心吊胆，没有把握”，因此选A。

5.单选题

Thelaughterathisjokesisneverforced,butalways（

）.

问题1选项

A.homogeneous

B.simultaneous

C.spontaneous

D.instantaneous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。homogeneous意为“同性质的，同类的”；simultaneous意为“同时发生的，同时存在的”；spontaneous意为“自发的”；instantaneous意为“瞬间的”。

句意：他讲笑话时人们从来不是被迫笑的，而是自发的笑。

6.单选题

“Itisimpossiblethatoldprejudicesandhostilitiesshouldlongerexist,whilesuchaninstrumenthasbeencreatedfartheexchangeofthoughtbetweenallthenationsoftheearth,”acclaimedVictorianenthusiaststhearrivalin1858ofthefirsttransatlantictelegraphcable.Peoplesaythatsortofthingsaboutnewtechnologies,eventoday.Biotechnologyissaidtobethecureforworldhunger.Thesequencingofthehumangenomewillsupposedlyuprootcancerandotherdiseases.Thewildestoptimism,though,hasgreetedtheInternet.Awholeindustryofcybergurushasenthralledaudiences(andmadeafineliving)withclaimsthattheInternetwillpreventwars,reducepollution,andcombatvariousformsofinequalityHowever,althoughtheInternetisstillyoungenoughtoinspireidealism,ithasalsobeenaroundlongenoughtotestwhethertheprophetscanberight.

GrandestofalltheclaimsarethosemadebysomeoftheexpertsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyabouttheInternet’spotentialasaforceforpeace.NicholasNegroponte,hasdeclaredthat,thankstotheInternet,thechildrenofthefuture“arenotgoingtoknowwhatnationalismis”.Hiscolleague,MichaelDertouzos,haswrittenthatdigitalcommunicationswillbring“computer-aidedpeace”which“mayhelpstaveofffutureflare-upsofethnichatredandnationalbreak-ups”.Theideaisthatimprovedcommunicationswillreducemisunderstandingsandtransferconflict.

Thisisnotnew,anymorethanweretheclaimsforthepeace-makingpossibilitiesofothernewtechnologies.Intheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury,airplaneswereexpectedtoendwars,bypromotinginternationalcommunicationand(lesscredibly)bymakingarmiesout-of-date,sincetheywouldbeweaktoattackfromtheair.AftertheFirstWorldWarhaddispelledsuchnotions,itwastheturnofradio.“Nationshallspeakpeaceuntonation”ranthefinemottoofBritain’sBBCWorldService.Sadly,RadioofRwandadisprovedtheideathatradiowasanintrinsicallypeaceforceonceandforall.

Themistakepeoplemakeistoassumethatwarsarecausedsimplybythefailureofdifferentpeoplestounderstandeachotheradequately.Indeed,evenifthatweretrue,theInternetcanalsobeusedtoadvocateconflict.Hatespeechandintolerancedevelopinitsdarkcomers,wheregovernmentfindsithardtointervene.AlthoughtheInternetundeniablyfosterscommunication,itwillnotputanendtowar.

1.Nowadays,the1858acclaimbyenthusiastsarestillusedtodescribe（

）.

2.Thephrase"staveoff"(underlinedinparagraph2)probablymeans

（

）.

3.PeoplewillnotbelievetheInternetcanputanendtowarifthey（

）.

问题1选项

A.themeritsofbiotechnology

B.thesignificanceofnewtechnology

C.theprospectoftheInternet

D.thesequencingofhumangenome

问题2选项

A.getridof

B.advocatefor

C.makeuseof

D.scrapethrough

问题3选项

A.cancontrolhatespeechandintoleranceontheInternet

B.donottakemisunderstandingasthereasonforwar

C.efficientlyfostertheInternetasameansofcommunication

D.knowthenatureoftheInternetistoadvocatewar

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Thewildestoptimism,though,hasgreetedtheInternet.（然而，互联网带来了最狂野的乐观。）可知C选项“互联网的前景”符合题意。

2.词义题。由文章第二段中的digitalcommunicationswillbring"computer-aidedpeace"which"mayhelpstaveofffutureflare-upsofethnichatredandnationalbreak-ups"（数字通信将带来“计算机辅助和平”，这“有助于……未来民族仇恨的爆发和民族分裂的爆发”）可知“staveoff”为动词词组，which引导后面的定语从句，修饰先行词computer-aidedpeace，根据“和平”的含义，可推测此处指减少或避免民族仇恨和分裂的爆发，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的theInternetcanalsobeusedtoadvocateconflict...AlthoughtheInternetundeniablyfosterscommunication,itwillnotputanendtowar.（互联网也可以用来鼓吹冲突……尽管互联网无可否认地促进了交流，但它不会结束战争）可知D选项“认识互联网的本质就是倡导战争”符合题意。

7.单选题

Alotofsmallchildrenoften（

）whyairplanecanflylikebirdswhilewehumanscannot.

问题1选项

A.assure

B.wonder

C.anticipate

D.assume

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。assure意为“向……保证”；wonder意为“想知道，好奇”；anticipate意为“预料，预期”；assume意为“假定，认为”。

句意：很多小孩经常好奇为什么飞机可以像鸟儿一样飞行，而我们人类不行。

8.单选题

Davidlikescountrylifeandhasdecidedto（

）farming.

问题1选项

A.goinfor

B.gothroughwith

C.gobackon

D.goalongwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。goinfor意为“从事，喜欢”；gothroughwith意为“完成，把……进行到底”；gobackon意为“违背，背弃”；goalongwith意为“赞同，接受，服从”。

句意：大卫喜欢乡村生活，并决定从事耕作。

9.单选题

Theworkeragreedto（

）thestrikeifthecompanywouldsatisfytheirdemands.

问题1选项

A.callfor

B.callforth

C.calloff

D.callup

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。callfor意为“接（人），呼吁，需要”；callforth意为“唤起，引起”；calloff意为“取消”；callup意为“打电话，召集”。

句意：如果公司能满足他们的要求，工人们就同意取消罢工。

10.单选题

1.Flattery,RichardStengelwritesbywayofdefininghisterms,“isstrategicpraise,praisewithapurpose.Itmaybeinflatedorexaggeratedoritmaybeaccurateandtruthful,butitispraisethatseekssomeresult,whetheritbeincreasedlikingoranofficewithawindow....Flatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.Itisabribewewanttopocket....Flatteryatitscoreislanguagethatadvancesself-interestwhileconcealingitatthesametime.”

2.Allofwhichisperfectlytrue,butitneedstobequalified(asintimeStengeldoes)inoneimportantway:Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis.Ifitistrue,asprobablyitis,thatmostofusaresusceptibletoflatteryandwillingtoemployitinourowninterests,itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.Inmylineofwork,forexample,whenIseeinapublisher’scataloguethatawriterwithwhomIamacquaintedhasanewbookforthcoming,Icanpredictalmosttothedaytheletterorcallfromsaidauthorinwhich,inonefashionoranother,myownperspicacityandstylisticelegancewillbepraisedfulsomely,accompanied,perhaps,byaninvitationtolunch.Similarly,aletterore-mailfromsomeonewhollyunknowntomewillbeginwithpraiseformylatestbookrevieworcolumn,followed,apace,withthenewsthatthewriteroftheletter―orarelative,orafriend,oracolleague―isabouttocomeforthwith...abook.

3.Itisthewayoftheworld.Thoughinmycaseflatteryinfrequentlyproducesthedesiredresults——quitetothecontrary,ifthetruthbeknown——Icannotclaimthatthesilkenwordswhisperedinmyeargounheeded.StengelquotesLordChesterfield:“Thisprincipleofvanityandprideissostronginhumannature,thatisdescendseventothelowestobjects;andoneoftenseespeopleanglingforpraise.”Thoughwewouldpreferpraisethatisofferedwithoutulteriormotives,thatisheartfeltandgenerous,wereadilysettleformereflattery;wemaynotdeliverthequidproquosotransparentlysoughtbeneaththeoleaginouswords—wemayevenholdtheflattererincontempt—yetwearenotimpervioustothestrokingheorsheadministers;indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.

4.“Todescribesomeoneasasocialclimberoraself-promoterisgenerallynotconsideredacompliment.Thosetwolabelsseemlikeparticularlymodernputdowns(andinthecultureofcelebritytheyhavebecomefull-timeoccupations).ButIwouldmakethecasethattheyaresimplyneutraltermsforfundamentalhumanbehavior,Infact,I’dcontendthatbasedontheprinciplesofevolutionarybiology,social-climbingandself-promotion.Theyareinourgenes.”

5.Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays,“isaformofcooperation,andcooperationisthesuccessfulevolutionaryprincipleofreciprocalaltruism.”AsSamRayburnusedtosay,duringhislongandproductivetenureasspeakeroftheHouseofRepresentatives,“Ifyouwanttogetalong,goalong.”Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera,”yetitisthegreasethatoilsthewheelsofpoliticsandoftenenablesthegovernmentanditssatellitestoaccomplishworthwhilethings.ThespectaclethatmembersoftheSenatepresentwhentheyfawnovereachotheras“honorable”and“distinguished”ishardlyaprettyone,yetitisnotwithoutpurpose.

6.InAmericanlife,flatteringinfluentialindividualsisanessentialpartofthemachineryofsocietyandbusiness.InaperceptivechaptercalledHowDaleCarnegieWonFriendsandInfluencedPeople,Stengelshowshow“thesimplestdevicesofpayingattention,offeringappreciationandthegivingofsmallflatteries”havebecomesoengrainedthatitishardtoimaginefunctioningwithoutthem.Therulesofflattery—oritshandmaiden,ingratiation—areclear:“avoidcomplimentingthetarget...inawaythatmakesitclearyouwantareward;makesurethecomplimentisplausible;praiseanattributeaboutwhichthetargetisuncertain;anddon’tleavetheimpressionthatyouareapromiscuouspraise.”Doallofthatandyoutoocansucceedinbusiness—oranythingelse—withoutreallytrying?

7.Allofwhichshould,makeclear—especiallytoyou,gentleandquick-wittedreader—thatStengelhaswrittennotmerelyapopularhistoryofflatterybutalsoaguidetoitsemployment.Hedoesthelatterwithtongueslightlyincheek—attimestothepointthathisprosebecomesexcessivelychattyandbreezy—yetthetruthisthathiscounsel,andthatofthemanyotherswhomhequotes,probablycanbeusedtogoodpurpose.Ifyoumustflatter-andtherearetimeswhenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

1.whenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

2.AccordingtoRichardStengel,allofthefollowingaretrueofflatteryEXCEPT（

）.

3.Inthesecondparagraph,thewritermakesthepointthat

（

）.

4.Themainideaofthethirdparagraphisthat

（

）.

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecourtsofRenaissanceEurope(Para.5)?Thewriter'sattitudetowardRichardStengel'sviewsregardingflatterycanbestbedescribedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.itcanstretchthetruth

B.ithasapurpose

C.itisanunsuccessfulbribe

D.itcanbeexpressedsubtly

问题2选项

A.flatterersoftenachievetheirobjectives

B.flatteryisoftenblatant

C.thewriterisoftenflattered

D.weareoftentemptedbyflattery

问题3选项

A.flatteryseldomproducesthedesiredresults

B.humansarevainandproud

C.it'sonlyhumantoenjoyflattery

D.wefindflatteryobjectionable

问题4选项

A.Theywereverysimilartoourmodernera.

B.Theybannedflattery.

C.Theyencouragedflattery.

D.Theywerenotpopularwiththegeneralrepublic.

问题5选项

A.neutral

B.favorable

C.doubtful

D.critical

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Flatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.（阿谀奉承也是一种贿赂，一种我们可以接受的情感馈赠，常常会用回报给赠予者他想要的东西）可知阿谀奉承是一种成功的贿赂，因此选C。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis...itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.（阿谀奉承几乎总是可以确切地认出它是什么……同样的事实是，奉承不那么微妙，常常是明目张胆的）可知选B。A选项为第一段的内容；C选项只是作者用自己的经历举例说明，阿谀奉承很显而易见；D选项在第二段中没有出现，因此选B。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Itisthewayoftheworld...indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.（阿谀奉承是人之常情……事实上，即使我们假装嘲笑它，我们也可以尽情享受它）可知C选项“喜欢听阿谀奉承的话是人类的天性”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera”（阿谀奉承在这座城市里到处都有，正如Stengel正确的指出“在某些方面更接近文艺复兴时期的欧洲，而不是我们的现代时代”）可推测阿谀奉承在文艺复兴时期的欧洲宫廷也十分流行，因此选C。

5.观点态度题。由文章第二段中的Allofwhichisperfectlytrue（所有这些都是完全正确的）和第五段中的Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays（阿谀奉承，他说得很对）与whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout（正如Stengel正确的指出）可知作者对RichardStengel的观点都是用的正面肯定的词，故可知作者是赞成RichardStengel的观点的，因此选B。

11.单选题

Theoutlineofthefigurewasbarely（

）inthedarkness.

问题1选项

A.susceptible

B.perceptive

C.invisible

D.perceptible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。susceptible意为“易受影响的”；perceptive意为“有知觉力的”；invisible意为“看不见的”；perceptible意为“可理解的，可认识的”。

句意：没有一丝光，这个图形的轮廓很难在黑暗中辨认。

12.单选题

Iphonedhimthismorning,butwhenIsaidwhoIwas,he（

）.

问题1选项

A.rangup

B.hungup

C.shutdown

D.shutup

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。ringup意为“打电话”；hangup意为“挂断电话”；shutdown意为“关闭，停业”；shutup意为“安静，闭嘴”。

句意：我今天早上给他打了电话，但当我告诉他我是谁时，他挂断了电话。

13.单选题

Agoodscientist（

）intoallaspectsofaprobleminordertofindsolutions.

问题1选项

A.pricks

B.pokes

C.probes

D.peers

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。prick意为“刺，扎，戳”；poke意为“戳，捅”；probe意为“追问，探究”；peer意为“凝视”。

句意：一个好的科学家会探究一个问题的所有方面去找到解决方案。

14.单选题

Butgiftssuchasthesecannotbeawardedtoeverybody,eitherbyjudgesorbythemost（

）ofgovernment.

问题1选项

A.tough

B.demanding

C.diverse

D.benign

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。tough意为“坚强的，坚韧的”；demanding意为“要求高的，费力的”；diverse意为“不同的，多种多样的”；benign意为“温和的，仁慈的”。

句意：但是像这样的礼物不能奖励给每个人，不管是由法官还是由温和的政府。

15.单选题

Willallthose（

）theproposalraisetheirhands?

问题1选项

A.inrelationto

B.inexcessto

C.incontrastto

D.infavorof

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。inrelationto意为“与……相关”；inexcessto意为“超过”；incontrastto意为“与……对比鲜明，相比之下”；infavorof意为“赞成，支持”。

句意：支持这个提议的所有这些人都会举手吗？

16.单选题

Howmuchapersoncanearnisnotalwaysagood（

）ofrealsuccessinlife.

问题1选项

A.essence

B.decree

C.qualification

D.criterion

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。essence意为“本质，实质”；decree意为“法令，命令”；qualification意为“资格，授权”；criterion意为“（批评、判断等的）标准，准则”。

句意：一个人能挣多少钱并不总是判断生活中真正成功的好标准。

17.单选题

（

）,policewouldnotprosecuteyou.

问题1选项

A.Providedthatyoucooperatedwithus

B.Providedthatyouwillcooperatewithus

C.Providedthatyouhavecooperatedwithus

D.Providedthatyouwouldcooperatewithus

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。对现在事实进行虚拟，从句：If主语+过去时（be动词用were），主句：主语+should/would/could/might+videdthat意为“假如，设若”。

句意：假如你和我们合作，警察就不会起诉你的。

18.单选题

Amillionmotoristsleavetheircarsfilledupwithpetrolandwiththekeysintheignitioneveryday.Thevehiclesaresittinginpetrolstationswhiledriverspayfortheirfuel.TheAutomobileAssociation(AA)hasdiscoveredthatcarsareleftunattendedforanaveragethreeminutes—andsometimesconsiderablylonger—asdriversbuydrinks,sweets,cigarettesandotherconsumeritems—andthenpayatthecashtill.Withpaymentbythecreditcardmoreandmorecommon,itisnotunusualforadrivertobeoutofhiscarforaslongassixminutes,providingthecarthiefwithagoldenopportunity.

InanexclusiveAAsurvey,carriedoutatabusygarageonamainroadoutofLondon,300motoristswerequestionedoverthreedaysoftheholidayperiod.Twenty-fourpercentadmittedthatthey“always”or“sometimes”leavethekeysintheircar.Thismeansthatnationwide,amillioncarsdailybecomeeasytargetsfortheopportunistthief.

Formorethantenyearstherehasbeenabiggerriseincarcrimethaninmostothertypesofcrime.Anaverageofmorethantwocarsaminutearebrokeninto,vandalizedorstolenintheUK.Carcrimeaccountsforalmostathirdofallreportedoffenceswithnosignsthatthetrendisslowingdown.

Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalsinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcarcrimeiscommittedbytheopportunist.Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness.WhenAAengineerssurveyedontowncentercarparklastyear,tenpercentofthecarscheckedwereunlocked,afigurebackedbyaHomeOfficenationalsurveythatfound12percentofdriverssometimeslefttheircarsunlocked.TheAArecommendslockingupwheneveryouleavethecarandforhowevershortaperiod.Apartiallyopensun-rooforwindowisafurthercome-ontothieves.

Therearemanyothertrapstoavoid.TheHomeOfficehasfoundlittleawarenessamongdrivesaboutsafeparking.Mostmotoristsquestionedmadenoeffortstoavoidparkinginquietspotsawayfromstreetlights—justtheplacesthieves’love.TheAAadvisesdriverstoparkinplaceswithpeoplearound—thievesdon’tlikeaudiences.Leavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals.AManchesterProbationaryServiceresearchproject,whichinterviewedalmost100carthieveslastyear,foundmanywouldinvestigateacoatthrownonaseat.Neverleaveanydocumentsshowingyourhomeaddressinthecar.Ifyouhaveagarage,useitandlockit—agaragecarisatsubstantiallylessrisk.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

2.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthormentionleavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals?

3.ThecartheftisduetoallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

4.Inordertopreventcartheft,peoplearerecommendedto

（

）.

5.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theuseofcreditcardsmayincreasetheriskofcartheft.

B.Itisadvisedthatthedriverstakecarkeyswiththem.

C.Mostcarsarestolenbyprofessionalthieves.

D.TheAAadvisesthatmotoristsleavetheircarslocked.

问题2选项

A.Thefirstparagraph.

B.Thesecondparagraph.

C.Thethirdparagraph.

D.Thelastparagraph.

问题3选项

A.people'scarelessness

B.unawarenessofsafeparking

C.coatleftonthecarseat

D.poorqualityofacarlock

问题4选项

A.parkcarsinquietplaces

B.useagarageandlockit

C.leaveasparecarkeyathome

D.becomeamemberofAA

问题5选项

A.analyzetheriseofthecartheftinBritain

B.reportthesurveyresultsbyAA

C.suggestthewaystoinvestigatecartheft

D.comparecarcrimewithothertypesofcrime

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalsinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcarcrimeiscommittedbytheopportunist.（虽然有高度职业犯罪涉及汽车盗窃，几乎90%的汽车犯罪是由机会主义者干的）可知只有少数汽车是被职业窃贼偷走的，因此C选项“大多数汽车是被职业窃贼偷走的”说法不正确。

2.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Leavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals（把贵重物品放在显眼的地方是对罪犯的一种诱惑）可知选D。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness（我们自己的粗心大意给那些业余小偷助了一臂之力）可知与A选项“人的粗心”相符；由第五段中的TheHomeOfficehasfoundlittleawarenessamongdrivesaboutsafeparking（内政部发现，驾车者对安全停车的意识很低）可知与B“未意识到安全停车”相符；由第五段中的whichinterviewedalmost100carthieveslastyear,foundmanywouldinvestigateacoatthrownonaseat.（这个研究项目去年采访了近100名偷车贼，发现许多偷车贼会翻看一件扔在座位上的外套）可知与C选项“留在汽车座椅上的外套”相符，故排除A、B、C选项，因此选D，汽车锁的质量问题并没有在文中提及。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Ifyouhaveagarage,useitandlockit—agaragecarisatsubstantiallylessrisk.（如果你有一个车库，使用它并锁上它——停在车库里风险要小得多）可知B选项“用车库把它锁上”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。通读全文，可知本文主要分析了英国汽车盗窃案上升的原因：驾驶员的粗心大意；安全停车意识低；将值钱物品放到显眼处；外套扔在车座上等等，因此选A。

19.单选题

Mary'smotherhadto（

）herdressbecauseMaryisgrowingsotall.

问题1选项

A.letoff

B.letgo

C.letout

D.letloose

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。letoff意为“让……下车，引爆”；letgo意为“放开，释放，发射”；letout意为“泄露，放大，出租”；letloose意为“释放，放出，放任”。

句意：玛丽的母亲不得不把玛丽的衣服改大，因为玛丽长得很高。

20.单选题

1.Anewstudyusesanunusualsource—proverbs—revealculturaldifferencesinhowChineseandAmericancitizensviewrisksandrisk-taking.

2.WhenChineseandAmericanstudentscomparedproverbsfromtheircountriestheyagreed:

Chineseproverbsgenerallyadvocatedgreaterrisk-takingthandidAmericanproverbs.

3.TheseresultshelpexplainearlierresearchthathasfoundChinesecitizensareindeedmorewilling

totakefinancialrisksthanareAmericans,saidElkeWeber,coauthorofthestudyandaprofessorofpsychologyatOhioStateUniversity.

4.“Proverbsarepartofanation’scultureandreflectthenation’sbeliefsandvalues,”saidWeber.“By

lookingatproverbs,wewereabletoshowthatlong-standingculturaldifferencesareonereasonthattheChinesearemorerisk-seekingthanAmericanswhenitcomestofinancialissues,”Webersaid.

5.WeberconductedthestudywithChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicagoandJoanna

SokolowskaoftheAcademyofSciencesinWarsaw,Poland.TheresultswerepublishedinarecentissueofthejournalOrganizationalBehaviorandHumanDecisionProcesses.

6.StudentsfromthetwocountriesratedAmericanproverbssuchas“Abirdinthehandisworthtwo

inthebush,”andChineseproverbssuchas“Failureisthemotherofsuccess.”

7.Thestudyalsofoundsomedifferencesinhowstudentsfromthetwocountriesviewedproverbs.

Forexample,Chinesecitizensgenerallyviewedproverbsasadvocatingmoreriskinfinancialsituationsthaninsocialsituations.TherewasnosuchdistinctionmadebyAmericanparticipants.

8.WebersaidthecollectivistcultureofChina―aculturethatemphasizescommitmenttofamily—

allowspeopletotakegreaterfinancialrisksbecausecitizensknowtheirnetworkoffriendsandfamilywillhelptheminacrisis.However,becauseoftheimportanceoftheirsocialnetwork,Chinesearelesswillingtotakesocialrisksinwhichtheymightalienatefriendsorfamily.

9.InAmerica’sindividualisticculture,peoplehavetobemorecarefulfinanciallyb