2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号47

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.写作题

Nowadaysthewaymanypeopleinteractwitheachotherhaschangedbecauseoftechnology.Inwhatwayshastechnologyaffectedthewaypeoplecommunicatewitheachother?Hasthisbecomeapositiveornegativedevelopment?Youmustwritelogicallyandshowyourclearpointofviewwithsufficientsupportingpoints.Youmaymakeuseofanyrelevantexamplesfromyourknowledgeorexperience.Youshouldhaveyourowntitleandwriteatleast200words.

【答案】略。

2.单选题

Lifeisfullofperils,butthewisemanignoresthosethatare______.

问题1选项

A.ineluctable

B.inevitable

C.unessential

D.unforgettable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项ineluctable“不可避免的；无法逃避的”；B选项inevitable“必然的；无法避免的”；C选项unessential“非本质的”；D选项unforgettable“难忘的”。句意：生活充满了危险，但聪明的人会忽略这些……危险。“ineluctable”和“inevitable”都有“无法避免”意思，但是“inevitable”所形容的事件存在着必然性。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Wemustlivewiththeknowledgethatalllivingcreaturesare___.

问题1选项

A.moral

B.fierce

C.fatal

D.mortal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项moral“道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B选项fierce“凶猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C选项fatal“致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的”；D选项mortal“凡人的；致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的”。句意：我们必须认识到，所有生物都是终有一死的。故选D。

4.单选题

Itwasalreadyknownthatatleastsomegeneticabnormalitiesarecausedbytheabsenceofspecificproteins.

问题1选项

A.irregularities

B.similarities

C.activities

D.qualities

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项irregularity“不规则；无规律；不整齐”；B选项similarity“类似；相似点”；C选项activity“活动；活动区；活动性”；D选项quality“质量，[统计]品质；特性；才能”。句意：人们已经知道，至少有些基因异常是由缺乏特定蛋白质引起的。结合此处关键词abnormalities“异常；畸形”，得知A为正确答案。

5.单选题

Theexaminationquestiontotallyperplexedher.

问题1选项

A.fascinated

B.confused

C.enlightened

D.saddened

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项fascinated“着迷的；被深深吸引的”；B选项confused“困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的”；C选项enlightened“开明的；文明的；有知识的；觉悟的”；D选项saddened“难过的；悲伤的”。句意：考题把她完全难住了。结合此处关键词question（问题），得知B选项正确。

6.翻译题

通过资料查阅、实地调研、数据分析和专家会商等途径，筛选出适用于该地区的古树健康诊断形态指标，确立各指标的分级依据，构建古树健康诊断标准，并依据该标准对滇中地区86株古树（树名暂略）的健康状况进行诊查。结果表明：古树的健康状况大多为良和一般，不同树种有些许差异，其结果与古树长势强弱成正相关,能够反映古树健康的真实状况，应用效果良好。此外，对影响古树健康状况的原因进行分析，并提出相应解决方法。

【答案】Bymeansofdataconsulting,fieldresearch,dataanalysisandexpertconsultation,thispaperscreenedoutthediagnosticmorphologicalindexesofancienttreessuitableforthisarea,establishedthegradingbasisofeachindex,constructedthediagnosticcriteriaofancienttrees'health,andbasedonthecriteria,diagnosedthehealthstatusof86ancienttrees(treenamesaretemporarilyabbreviated)incentralYunnan.Theresultsshowedthatthehealthstatusofancienttreeswasmostlygoodandaverage,withsomedifferencesamongdifferenttreespecies.Theresultswerepositivelycorrelatedwiththegrowthstrengthofancienttrees,whichcouldreflecttherealhealthstatusofancienttrees,andtheapplicationeffectwasgood.Inaddition,thereasonsthataffectthehealthstatusofancienttreesareanalyzed,andcorrespondingsolutionsareputforward.

7.单选题

Thereareover6,000differentcomputerandonlinegamesintheworldnow.Asegmentofthemareconsideredtobebotheducationalandharmlesslyentertaining.Onesuchgameteachesgeography,andanothertrainspilots.Otherstraintheplayerinlogicalthinkingandproblemsolving.Somegamesmayalsohelppeopletobecomemorecomputerliterate,whichismoreimportantinthistechnology-drivenera.

Butthedarksideofthecomputergameshasbecomesmoreandmoreobvious.“Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage,”saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.“Unfortunately,it'sasegmentthatseemsparticularlypopularwithkidsagedeighttofifteen.”

Onestudyshowedthatalmost80percentofthecomputerandonlinegamesyoungpeoplepreferredcontainedviolence.Theinvestigatorssaid“Thesearenotjustgamesanymore.Thesearelearningmachines.We’reteachingkidsinthemostincrediblemannerwhatit'sliketopullthetrigger.Whattheyarenotlearningarethereal-lifeconsequences.”

Theyalsosaid“Thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesareevenworse,becausetheyhavebettergraphicsandallowtheplayerstoparticipateinevenmorerealisticviolentacts.”InthegameCarmageddon,forexample,theplayerwillhavedrivenoverandkilledupto33,000peoplebythetimealllevelsarecompleteD.Adescriptionoftheoutcomeofthegamesays:“Yourvictimsnotonlysquishunderyourtiresandsplatterbloodonthewindshield;theyalsogetontheirkneesandbegformercy,orcommitsuicide.Ifyoulike,youcanalsodismemberthem.”

Isallthisstimulatedviolenceharmful?Approximately3,000differentstudieshaveconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.

Somespecialistsdownplaytheinfluenceofthegames,sayingthatotherfactorsmustbetakenintoconsideration,suchasthepossibilitythatkidswhoalreadyhaveviolenttendenciesarechoosingsuchgames.Butcoulditbethatviolentgamesstillplayacontributionrole?Itseemsunrealistictoinsistthatpeoplearenotinfluencedbywhattheysee.Ifthatweretrue,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfortelevisionadvertising?

1.Accordingtoonestudy,mostcomputerandonlinegames______.

2.Whatdoestheword“dismember”inParagraph4mean?

3.Manystudieshavesuggestedthat______.

4.Theauthoruses“televisionadvertising”asanexampletoillustratethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforpassageis______.

问题1选项

A.allowtheplayerstotakepartinkillingacts

B.thatyoungpeoplelikeinvolveviolence

C.teachtheplayerstobeantisocial

D.maketheplayersforgettherealliferesults

问题2选项

A.Tocutsomebodyintopieces

B.Tokicksomebodyout

C.Todismisssomebody

D.Tostabaknifeintosomebody

问题3选项

A.moreandmoreyoungpeopleappreciatecruelcomputergames

B.therearenowfarmoreincidentsofviolenceduetocomputergames

C.violenceincomputergamesmakestheirplayermoreaggressive

D.simulatedviolenceincomputergamesisdifferentfromreallife

问题4选项

A.otherfactorsmustbeconsideredaspossiblecausesofviolenceinreallife

B.thereisacloselinkbetweencomputergamesandincreasinglygrowingviolenceinreallife

C.computerandonlinegamesarenottheonlycauseofincreasedviolenceinreality

D.thecommercialworldiscontributingtotheincreasedviolenceinreality

问题5选项

A.TheDevelopmentofViolentComputerGames

B.AstudyontheInfluenceofComputerandOnlineGames

C.TheDarkSideofComputerandOnlineGames

D.ComputerandOnlineGames—AdvantagesandDisadvantages

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage.”saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.中文翻译为：国家媒体与家庭研究所所长大卫•沃尔什说，部分游戏以暴力、性和粗俗语言为反社会主题。A选项“允许玩家参与杀戮行为”可排除。B选项“年轻人喜欢使用暴力”可排除。D选项“让玩家忘记现实生活的结果”可排除。C选项“教导玩家要反社会”最符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.词义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段中最后一句“youcanalsodismemberthem.”中文翻译为：你也可以肢解它们。B选项“把某人赶出去”排除。C选项“解雇某人”不符合题意。D选项“用刀刺某人”也可排除。由此可知A选项“把某人切成碎片”正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段“Approximately3,000differentstudieshaveconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.”中文翻译为：大约有3000个不同的研究在这个问题上进行。许多人认为游戏中的暴力行为和玩家攻击性的增强之间存在联系A选项“越来越多的年轻人喜欢残酷的电脑游戏”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“现在有更多的暴力事件是由于电脑游戏”不符合题意，故排除。C选项“电脑游戏中的暴力使玩家更具攻击性”符合题意。因此C选项正确。D选项“电脑游戏中的模拟暴力不同于现实生活”不符合题意，故排除。

4.作者意图题。根据题干关键词“televisionadvertising”定位到原文第六段“Ifthatweretrue,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfortelevisionadvertising?”，中文翻译为：如果这是真的，为什么商业世界每年要花费数十亿美元在电视广告上。联系上下文，D选项“现实中，商业世界正在助长暴力的增加”最符合题意，因此选项D正确。A选项“其他因素也必须被认为是现实生活中暴力的可能原因”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“电脑游戏和现实生活中日益增长的暴力之间有着密切的联系”不符合题意，故排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏并不是现实中暴力增加的唯一原因”不符合题意，故排除。

5.判断推理题。A选项“TheDevelopmentofViolentComputerGames”暴力电脑游戏的发展，文章不仅仅讲暴力游戏的发展，故A选项排除。B选项“计算机和网络游戏的影响研究”，文章对于计算机并未提及，故B选项排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏的黑暗面”，在文章第一段也讲述了网络游戏的益处，故C选项排除。D选项“电脑和网络游戏的优点和缺点”最符合题意，故选D。

8.单选题

Becauseofthestroke,thespeakingcenterofthebrainwasdeaD.Whenshesays“speaking”,shemeanscommunicationinanyform:writing,drawing,bodylanguage,gestures—anymeansofexpressingherselfbesides______sounds.

问题1选项

A.vibrating

B.intoning

C.recording

D.vocal

【答案】D

【解析】考查近义词词义辨析。A选项vibrating“振动，（使）震动；颤抖；共鸣”；B选项intoning“缓慢庄重地说；吟咏”；C选项recording“录音；记录；录像”；D选项vocal“歌唱的；声音的，有声的”。句意：由于中风，大脑的说话中枢已经死亡。当她说“说话”,意味着任何形式的沟通：写作，画画，肢体语言，手势，任何方式表达自己除了……的声音。联系前文，她有多种形式表达沟通，但是除了……的声音，可以推测，她由于中风不能发出声音，因此D选项vocal（有声的）符合句意，可知D选项正确。

9.翻译题

随着我国经济的发展和城市化水平的提高,未来的能源消费状况及由此带来的环境污染问题日益受到人们的关注。本文简要回顾了1980年以来我国能源消费状况并分析了相应的环境问题，对我国未来能源状况及可能带来的环境影响设置了3种情景进行了预测和分析，得出我国今后因能源消费的SO2，NOx，CO2和烟尘等排放量依然很高，但不同情景的预测结果有较大区别，并提出通过提高能源效率以及加强清洁、可再生能源的开发利用来解决能源消费带来的环境问题。

【答案】WiththedevelopmentofChina'seconomyandtheimprovementofthelevelofurbanization,thefutureenergyconsumptionsituationandtheresultingenvironmentalpollutionproblemsareincreasinglyconcernedbypeople.ThispaperbrieflyreviewstheenergyconsumptionstatusinChinasince1980andanalyzesthecorrespondingenvironmentalproblems,thefutureofourcountryenergysituationandtheenvironmentalimpactofsetupthreekindsofsituationhascarriedontheforecastandanalysis,itisconcludedthatthefutureduetotheenergyconsumptionofSO2,NOxandCO2andsootemissionsisstillhigh,butdifferentscenariospredictedresultshavegreatdifferences,andputforwardbyimprovingenergyefficiency,andstrengthenthedevelopmentandutilizationofcleanandrenewableenergytosolvetheenvironmentalproblemsarecausedbyenergyconsumption.

10.单选题

Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers£270million.Failuretoprovethatithadnopartincollusionwithothersupermarketsanddairyprocessorsmaylanditwithafineofatleast£80million.TheOfficeofFairTrading(OFT)saidyesterdaythatAsda,Sainsbury’sandtheformerSafeway,plusthedairycompaniesWiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompany,hadadmittedbeinginacarteltofixpricesformilk,butterandcheese.Theywerefinedatotalofjustover£116millionaspartofaleniencydealofferedbythewatchdogtocompaniesthatownedupquicklytoanti-competitivebehavior.

OfficialsattheOFTadmittedprivatelythattheydidnotthinktheywouldeverdiscoverwhichcompanyorindividualhadinitiatedthepricingformulA.Butthewatchdogrecognizesthatatthetimesupermarketswereunderpressurefrompoliticiansandfarmerstoraisethecostofmilktosavedairyfarming,thoughitisnotcertainthatmoneyfounditswaytofarmers.TheOFTclaimedinSeptemberthatithadfoundevidencethattheretailchainshadpassedfuturemilkpricestodairycompanies,whichthenreachedafixedpriceamongthemselves.

Theaveragecosttoeachhouseholdisthoughttobe£11.25over2002and2003.Priceswentupanextra3ponapintofmilk,15ponaquarterofapoundofbutterand15ponahalf-poundofcheese.Thereisnodirectrecompenseforconsumers,however,andthemoneywillgototheTreasury.TheNationalConsumerCouncilgavewarningthattheadmissionswoulddentconsumerconfidenceinleadinghighstreetnamesandthatpeoplewouldbecomeskepticaloftheirclaims.FarmersforAction,thegroupoffarmersthathasledprotestsoverlowmilkpricessince2000,isseekinglegaladviceonwhetheritcannowbringaclaimforcompensation.

TheOFTinvestigationiscontinuing,however,inrelationtoTesco,MorrisonandthedairygroupLactalisMcLelland,andanylegalactionisexpectedtobedelayeduntilthatiscompleted.

Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions.LucyNeville-Rolfe,itsexecutivedirector,said:“Aswehavealwayssaid,weactedindependentlyandwedidnotcolludewithanyone.Ourpositionisdifferentfromourcompetitorsandwearedefendingourowncasevigorously.Ourphilosophyistogiveagooddealtocustomers.”

MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthatthecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation,

Sainsbury’sadmittedyesterdaythatithadagreedtopay£26millioninfines,butdeniedthatithadsoughttoprofiteer.JustinKing,thechiefexecutive,saidhewasdisappointedthatthecompanyhadbeenpenalizedforactionsmeanttohelpfarmersbutrecognizedthebenefitofaspeedysettlement.Asdadeclinedtosayhowmuchitwouldpayinfinesandalsosaidthatitsintentionhadbeentohelpfarmersunderseverefinancialpressure.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayinferthat______.

2.Whoismostprobablytheinitiatorofthepricingformula?

3.Theword“defiant”inPara.5mostprobablymeans______.

4.WemayinferfromMorrison’sstatementthat______.

5.Thewriter’sattitudetoTescocanbesaidtobe______.

问题1选项

A.Tescoisthemostresoluteamongalltheretailerstodefenditsreputation

B.itisalreadyprovedthatTescohascolludedwithAsda,Wiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompanyinfixingthedairyprice

C.Tescoistryingitsbesttoproveitsinnocenceofthescandal

D.Tescoisofferedaleniencydealof£80millionbecauseofitsquickresponsetotheanti-competitivebehaviors

问题2选项

A.Retailchains

B.Farmers

C.Dairycompanies

D.Politicians

问题3选项

A.confident

B.angry

C.deficient

D.challenging

问题4选项

A.MorrisonturnouttobethemostdefensivewhendealingwithOFT

B.MorrisonisreluctanttosupporttheinquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusiness

C.industryinsiderssuggestthatMorrisonwastryingtodelaytheOFTinvestigationwithnon-cooperation

D.Morrisonindeedrefusestoadmititsinvolvementinthescandal

问题5选项

A.objective

B.biased

C.sympathetic

D.optimistic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段。A选项“特易购是所有零售商中最坚决捍卫自己声誉的。”推测其他的零售商勾结，并没有体现出捍卫自身的声誉，可排除。B选项“事实已经证明，特易购与阿斯达、怀斯曼、乳品佳洁士和奶酪公司串通操纵乳品价格。”理解错误，特易购要证明自己并没有与其他零售商勾结。C选项“特易购正尽力证明自己在丑闻中的清白。”由题干定位到第一句“Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers£270million”中文翻译：特易购正准备打一场法律战，以澄清自己卷入这起导致消费者损失2.7亿英镑的奶制品价格操纵丑闻的名声。符合题意，因此C选项正确。D选项“由于特易购对反竞争行为的快速反应，特易购获得了8000万英镑的宽大处理。”理解错误，如果Tesco不能证明自己的清白，将面临8000万英镑的罚款。D选项可排除。综上所述，C选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据题干，A选项“Retailchains”（零售连锁店），文中所说的零售商只是将奶制品的价格提供给公司，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“Famers”（农民），文中所说的不确定农民是否得到了钱。C选项“Dairycompanies”（乳制品公司），文中所说乳制品公司操纵了的价格，符合题意，C选项正确。D选项“Politicians”（政治家），文中所说，财政部获得了补偿，因此，也可排除。综上所述，C选项正确。

3.词义辨析题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第一句“Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions”，中文翻译为：特易购对此不以为然，并表示正准备为自己的行为进行强有力的辩护。A选项“自信的”，特易购正准备为自己的行为进行辩护，可推测他对行为很自信。A选项最符合词义。B选项“生气的”，文中没有体现特易购生气，可排除。C选项“不足的，有缺陷的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“挑战性的”，不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthat

thecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation.中文翻译为：莫里森支持OFT对其接管的前Safeway业务的调查，但在一份声明中表示，莫里森仍在为OFT进行“强有力的辩护”。LactalisMcLelland的发言人表示，该公司正在与OFT“合作”。业内人士暗示，这三家公司是在故意拖延OFT的调查。判断出C选项“业内人士暗示，莫里森是在试图以不合作的方式拖延OFT的调查”正确。A选项“在处理OFT时，莫里森是最具防御性的”，这里并没有体现莫里森具有防御性，可排除。B选项“莫里森不愿支持对前西夫韦公司的调查”，文中所说，莫里森支持对前Safeway公司的调查，因此，B选项错误。D选项“莫里森公司确实拒绝承认与丑闻有关”，文中并没有提及，可排除。综上所述，C选项正确。

5.观点态度题。通读全文，A选项“objective”（客观的），文中作者对Tesco的态度比较客观，符合题意，A选项正确；B选项“biased”（有偏见的），文中并没有体现作者对于Tesco的偏见，可排除；C选项“sympathetic”（同情的），不符合题意，可排除；D选项“optimistic”（积极的），不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，A选项正确。

11.单选题

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.

Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.

Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.

Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.

ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshoulD.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.

Otherstudiesdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain’selectricalactivityandmadeamanoftheelectricalsignals.

FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.

1.Scientistfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

3.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______.

4.DoctorDuffybelievedthat______.

5.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchshouldbemade______.

问题1选项

A.structureandfunction

B.colorandfunction

C.sizeandarrangement

D.colorandarrangement

问题2选项

A.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromtheunknownareaofthebrain

B.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrain

C.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromabnormalorganizationofbraincells

D.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain

问题3选项

A.manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder

B.alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns

C.readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation

D.thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren

问题4选项

A.hefoundtheexactcauseoflearningdisabilities

B.theproblemoflearningdisabilitieswasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrain

C.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesresultedfromtheleftsideofthebrain

D.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesdidnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain

问题5选项

A.toinvestigatepossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganization

B.tostudyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwrite,andusenumbers

C.tohelplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligence

D.toexplorehowtheleftsideofthebrainfunctionsinlanguagelearning

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章第四段“Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.”，中文翻译为：其中一个是大脑左侧控制语言的细胞。这些细胞通常是白色的。然而，在学习障碍者中，这些细胞是灰色的。研究人员还发现，许多神经细胞并没有按照应有的方式排列。神经细胞混合在一起。根据关键词“white”“gray”可排除A、C选项，以及“cellswerenotinaline”（细胞不在一条线上）可排除B选项，因此可判断D选项“颜色和排列”正确。

2.推理判断题。通读全文，A选项“学习障碍可能来自大脑的未知区域。”在文中并没有提及，因此可知A选项正确。B选项“学习障碍可能是由于大脑大面积受损造成的。”在文中第五段“Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.”中文翻译：他认为大脑的这一侧不能正常发育。他说，很可能那里的神经细胞并没有正常连接。所以大脑就像一个电线交叉的电子装置。可推测，大脑受损导致学习障碍。因此B选项正确，可排除。C选项“学习障碍可能是由脑细胞的异常组织引起的。”在文中第二段“Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.”中文翻译：毫无疑问，所有的学习障碍都是由大脑组织方式的差异造成的。因此C选项符合原文意思，可排除。D选项Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.“学习障碍可能是由左脑问题引起的。”可定位到文中第五段“DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.”中文翻译：Geschwind博士提出学习障碍主要是由左脑问题引起的。因此，D选项也是直接来自原文，可排除。

3.推理判断题。A选项“manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder”（许多因素导致了学习障碍），可定位到文中第二段第二句“Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings”，中文翻译：科学家们现在知道有许多不同种类的学习障碍，它们是由许多不同的事情引起的。因此A选项正确。B选项“alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns”（有学习障碍的人没有外在的迹象），可定位到原文第三段“Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.”中文翻译：你不能看着一个孩子就知道他或她是否有学习障碍。没有这种紊乱的外在迹象。因此B选项正确。C选项“readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation.”（阅读障碍是影响10%人口的一个常见问题），可定位到文中第一段第二句“Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.”中文翻译：大约有10%的儿童患有这种疾病。与C选项不符，因此C选项错误。D选项“thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren.”（学习障碍儿童的大脑活动与正常儿童不同），可定位到文中第四段，可知学习障碍者控制语言的左脑细胞是灰色的，而这些细胞通常是白色的。可推测学习障碍儿童的大脑活动与正常儿童不同。因此选项D正确。综上所述，C选项为正确答案。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“DoctorDuffy”可定位到文中最后一段FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.中文翻译：达菲在波士顿儿童医院医疗中心试验了他的技术。达菲博士

说，他的研究证明，阅读障碍不仅会损害大脑的左侧，还会损害大脑的大部分区域。A选项“他找到了学习障碍的确切原因”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“学习障碍的问题不仅限于左脑”，达菲博士的研究证明“阅读障碍还会损害大脑的大部分区域”，因此，选项B正确。C选项“学习障碍的问题是由左脑造成的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“学习障碍的问题并不在于大脑的左侧”不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，B选项为正确答案。

5.推理判断题。A选项“研究可能对大脑发育和组织的影响”，B选项“研究儿童如何学习读写和使用数字”，C选项“帮助学习障碍儿童发展智力”，D选项“探讨左脑在语言学习中的作用”。根据题干，可以定位到文中最后一段最后一句“达菲博士说，他的研究证明，阅读障碍不仅会损害大脑的左侧，还会损害大脑的大部分区域。”，由此可推测接下来的研究会探讨“大脑发育和组织的影响”，因此A选项正确。

12.翻译题

Despitethechokingsmog,Beijingisstillthenumberonechoiceforgraduatejobseekersbasedonits“softenvironment”,accordingtoareportpublishedlastTuesday.TheChinesecapitalisthepreferredchoiceforfindingworkowingtoitssocialenvironment,economicdevelopment,infrastructure,consumptionhabitsandinternationalizedatmosphere.Althoughmetropolisesarestilltopchoicesforgraduatestoworkin,thepastthreeyearshaveseenmoreuniversityandcollegegraduatesworkinprefecture-levelcities,orevensmallercities.

【答案】据上周二发布的一份报告显示，尽管烟雾弥漫，但基于“软环境”，北京仍然是毕业生求职者的首选。由于中国的社会环境、经济发展、基础设施、消费习惯和国际化的氛围，中国首都是求职的首选。尽管大城市仍然是毕业生就业的首选，但在过去的三年里，越来越多的大学毕业生到地级市，甚至更小的城市工作。

13.单选题

Sheisveryresourceful,andshecanalwaysfindawayaroundanyproblem.

问题1选项

A.delightful

B.responsible

C.industrious

D.smart

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项delightful“可爱的，可喜的；讨人喜欢的；令人愉快的”；B选项responsible“负责的，可靠的；有责任的”；C选项industrious“勤勉的”；D选项smart“聪明的；巧妙的；敏捷的；厉害的；潇洒的；剧烈的；时髦的”。句意：她足智多谋，总能找到解决任何问题的办法。结合此处关键词resourceful“足智多谋的；机智的”，得知D为正确答案。

14.单选题

Ellenhascomeintoalotofmoneyrecentlythankstoherrelatives'___.

问题1选项

A.generosity

B.sincerity

C.certainty

D.flexibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项generosity“慷慨，大方；宽宏大量”；B选项sincerity“真实，诚挚”；C选项certainty“必然；确实；确实的事情”；D选项flexibility“灵活性；弹性；适应性”。句意：由于亲戚们的慷慨，埃伦最近得到了很多钱。因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

ItisMr.YorkwhobangsthedruminJohnKirkpatrick'sapparentlyauthentic,andcertainlysuitablebandmusic.

问题1选项

A.genuine

B.reliable

C.honest

D.automatic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项genuine“真实的，真正的；诚恳的”；B选项reliable“可靠的；可信赖的”；C选项honest“诚实的，实在的；可靠的；坦率的”；D选项automatic“自动的；无意识的；必然的”。句意：约克先生在约翰•柯克帕特里克(JohnKirkpatrick)的音乐中敲起了鼓，这显然是真实的，当然也是合适的乐队音乐。结合此处关键词authentic“真正的，真实的；可信的”，得知A为正确答案。

16.单选题

Bybeingover-zealouswithfoodrestriction,thedieterinadvertentlymakesabingeonforbiddenfoodsfarmorelikelyandyoumayaswellforgettheideaofbanningthings.

问题1选项

A.mayproperly

B.hadbetter

C.shouldsurely

D.mayprobably

【答案】B

【解析】A选项mayproperly“适当地”；B选项hadbetter“最好”；C选项shouldsurely“应该”；D选项mayprobably“也许可能”。句意：过度热衷于限制食物，节食者很可能会无意中暴饮暴食，你最好还是忘记禁食的想法。结合此处关键词mayaswell“最好”，得知B为正确答案。

17.单选题

Theterm“print”hasseveralmeanings,soitisimportanttounderstandexactlywhatismeantbytheartisticterminology.Aprintintheartisticsenseisnotareproductionofaworkofartdoneinsomeothermedium,suchaspaintingordrawing.Thatcaninnosensebeconsideredaworkofart,sincetheartisthadnoinvolvementwithit.AprintisanoriginalworkofartcreatedbyanindirectmethoD.Insteadofmakinganimagedirectlyonasurface,asindrawingorpainting,theartistworksonamastersurface,whichmaybeasheetofmetal,ablockofstone,wood,plastic,orlinoleum.Fromthismastersurface,numerousimpressionsmaybemadebyinkingthesurface,layingasheetofpaperonit,andthensubjectingbothsurfaceandpapertopressure,generallybymeansofaprintingpress.

Aprintmayexistinseveralversions.Sometimestheprintmakeralterstheimagebetweenimpressions,sothateachprintisslightlydifferentfromtheothers.Anyseriesofsuchprintsisreferredtoasmultiples.Thenumberofimpressions(knownastheedition)thatarepossiblefromasingleoriginalvarieswiththematerial.Printsmadefromlinoleum,whichwearsreadily,willbefewerthanthosemadefromametalplate,whichiscapableofstrikingfine-qualityprintsinthethousands.Itiscustomarytonumberprintsastheycomeoffthepress,theearlierimpressionsbeingthefinestandthereforethemostdesirable.

Printsincorporatethesamecompositionalprinciples,aspaintings.Line,shape,ortexturemaybethepredominantelementaccordingtotheprintingtechniqueuseD.Someprintshaveobviousdecorativequalitieswhileothersmaybefilledwithemotionalimpact.

Printmakingderivesfromtwohistoricalsources:earlywoodblocksintowhichanimagewascutandusedtoillustrateabookorplayingcards,andthemedievalpracticeofdecorati