2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号42

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thisunfortunateincidentmay（）theprogressofthepeacetalks.

问题1选项

A.stalk

B.hinder

C.promote

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项stalk“追踪，潜近”；B选项hinder“阻碍；打扰”；C选项promote“促进；提升”；D选项reinforce“加强，加固”。句意：这一不幸事件可能会阻碍和平谈判的进程。此处应填入一个动词，宾语是“和平谈判的进程”。因此B项符合句意。

2.单选题

Thereisno（）whateverforthemannerinwhichyoubehavedfoolishlyattheEnglishparty.

问题1选项

A.jurisdiction

B.justification

C.judgment

D.junction

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项jurisdiction“司法权，审判权，管辖权；权限”；B选项justification“理由；辩护；认为有理”；C选项judgment“判断；裁判；判决书”；D选项junction“连接；交叉点；接合点”。句意：你在英语晚会上的愚蠢行为根本就没有……。此处表示“愚蠢行为”是无理的，B选项符合句意要求。

3.单选题

Thereisagreat（）instrengthbetweenthetwoteams.

问题1选项

A.disparity

B.deficiency

C.disparagement

D.disrelation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disparity“不同；不一致”；B选项deficiency“缺陷，缺点”；C选项disparagement“轻蔑；轻视”；D选项disrelation“不相干；没有相应的联系”。句意：两队力量悬殊。四个选项中，只有A项符合句意。

4.单选题

Thelightistoo（）formetoread.Icannotstandanymore.

问题1选项

A.rid

B.ripe

C.soup

D.dim

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项rid“得到解脱的”；B选项ripe“熟的，成熟的”；C选项soup“使振作;打扮”；D选项dim“暗淡的，昏暗的”。句意：光线太昏暗我没法看书。我再也受不了了。根据后半句句意“我再也受不了了”可知，D符合题意。

5.单选题

PsychologistsagreethatI.Q.contributesonlyabout20percentofthefactorsthatdeterminesuccess.Afull80percentcomesfromotherfactors,includingwhatIcallemotionalintelligence.Followingaretwoofthemajorqualitiesthatmakeupemotionalintelligence,andhowtheycanbedeveloped.

1.Self-awareness.Theabilitytorecognizeafeelingasithappensisthekeystoneofemotionalintelligence.Peoplewithgreatercertaintyabouttheiremotionsarebetterpilotsoftheirlives.

Developingself-awarenessrequirestuningintowhatneurologistAntonioDamasiocalls“gutfeeling”.Gutfeelingscanoccurwithoutapersonbeingconsciouslyawareofthem.Forexample,whenpeoplewhofearsnakesareshownapictureofasnake,sensorsontheirskinswilldetectsweat,asignofanxiety;eventhoughthepeoplesaytheydonotfeelfear.Thesweatshowsupevenwhenapictureispresentedsorapidlythatthesubjecthasnoconsciousawarenessofseeingit.

Throughdeliberateeffortwecanbecomemoreawareofourgutfeelings.Takesomeonewhoisannoyedbyarudeencounterforhoursafteritoccurred.Hemaybeunawareofhisirritabilityandsurprisedwhensomeonecallsattentiontoit.Butifheevaluateshisfeelings,hecanchangethem.

Emotionalself-awarenessisthebuildingblockofthenextfundamentalofemotionalintelligence:beingabletoshakeoffabadmood.

2.MoodManagement.Badaswellasgoodmoodsspicelifeandbuildcharacter.Thekeyisbalance.

Weoftenhavelittlecontroloverwhenwearesweptbyemotion.Butwecanhavesomesayinhowlongthatemotionwilllast.PsychologistDianneTiceaskedmorethan400menandwomenabouttheirstrategiesforescapingfoulmoods.Herresearch,alongwiththatofotherpsychologists,providesvaluableinformationonhowtochangeabadmood.

Ofallthemoodsthatpeoplewanttoescape,rageseemstobethehardesttodealwith.Whensomeoneinanothercarcutsyouoffonthehighway,yourreflexivethoughtmaybe:Thatjerk!Hecouldhavehitme!Ican’tlethimgetawaywiththat!Themoreyoustew,theangrieryouget.Suchisthestuffofhypertensionandrecklessdriving.

Whatshouldyoudotorelieverage?Onemythisthatventilatingwillmakeyoufeelbetter.Infact,researchershavefoundthat’soneoftheworststrategies.Amoreeffectivetechniqueis“reframing”,whichmeansconsciouslyreinterpretingasituationinamorepositivelight.Inthecaseofthedriverwhocutsyouoff,youmighttellyourself:Maybehehadsomeemergency.Thisisoneofthemostpotentways,Ticefound,toputangertorest.

Goingoffalonetocooldownisalsoaneffectivewaytorefuseanger,especiallyifyoucan’tthinkclearly.Ticefoundthatalargeproportionofmencooldownbygoingforadrive—afindingthatinspiredhertodivemoredefensively.Asaferalternativeisexercise,suchastakingalongwalk.Whateveryoudo,don’twastethetimepursuingyourtrainofangerthoughts.Youraimshouldbetodistractyourself.

Thetechniquesofreframinganddistractioncanalleviatedepressionandanxietyaswellasanger.Addtothemsuchrelaxationtechniquesasdeepbreathingandmeditationandyouhaveanarsenalofweaponsagainstbadmoods.

1.Whataregutfeeling?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofknowingone’sgutfeelingisthat（）.

3.Theword“spice”（Para.6）isclosetinmeaningto（）.

4.Onmoodcontrol,theauthorseemstosuggestthatwe（）.

5.Theessenceof“reframing”is（）.

问题1选项

A.Theyarefeelingoneisbornwith.

B.Theyarefeelingsonemaybeunawareof.

C.Theyarefeelingsoffearandanxiety.

D.Theyarefeelingsfeltbysensiblepeople.

问题2选项

A.onecandevelopthem

B.onecancallothers’attentiontothem

C.onemaygetridofthem

D.onemaycontrolthem

问题3选项

A.addinterestto

B.lengthen

C.makedull

D.bringintoexistence

问题4选项

A.cancontroltheoccurrenceofmood

B.areoftenunawareofwhatmoodwearein

C.candeterminethedurationofmood

D.lackstrategiesforcontrollingmoods

问题5选项

A.toforgettheunpleasantsituation

B.toadoptapositiveattitude

C.toprotectoneselfproperly

D.toavoidroadaccident

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“gutfeeling”可定位到原文第三段的内容“Gutfeelingscanoccurwithoutapersonbeingconsciouslyawareofthem.直觉可以在人们无意识的情况下产生。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。

第2题:2.判断推理题。根据原文第五段的内容“情感自我意识是下一个基本情商的基石：能够摆脱坏情绪”，也就是说，了解一个人的直觉最重要的是能够摆脱它们。所以选项C符合原文。

第3题:3.词义题。根据所给词定位到原文中的内容“Badaswellasgoodmoodsspicelifeandbuildcharacter.”这里的spice是做动词，并且和build的意思相接近。spice做动词，其本意是“加香料于……；使……增添趣味”，选项A与之意思最为相近，所以正确。

第4题:4.判断推理题。根据第七段的一二句“Weoftenhavelittlecontroloverwhenwearesweptbyemotion.Butwecanhavesomesayinhowlongthatemotionwilllast.当我们被情绪所左右时，我们往往无法控制自己。但我们可以知道这种情绪会持续多久。”由此可知，我们可以决定情绪持续的时间，所以选项C符合原文。

第5题:5.判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“reframing”定位到原文倒数第三段的内容“Amoreeffectivetechniqueis'reframing',whichmeansconsciouslyreinterpretingasituationinamorepositivelight.一个更有效的技巧是“重新构建”，这意味着有意识地从更积极的角度重新解释一个情况。”再根据后面的例子可以推测出，“reframing”的真谛在于采取一种积极的态度，所以选项B正确。

6.单选题

Thecarwasingoodworking（）whenIboughtitafewmonthsago.

问题1选项

A.order

B.form

C.state

D.circumstance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项order表示“条理，顺序，命令”，B选项form表示“形态，方式，外形，表格”，C选项state表示“状态，状况”，D选项circumstance表示“情况，环境，经济状况”。

由句意可知，我几个月前买这辆车时候，它的运作状态还是很好的。短语ingoodorder表示“性能良好”；而ingoodform表示“很健康、高兴，状态佳”，常用来形容人；其余选项则没有这样的搭配。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。

7.单选题

Hemadearough（）ofthefirstfloorofthatbuilding,showinguswherehisofficewaslocated.

问题1选项

A.painting

B.illustration

C.drawing

D.sketch

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项painting“绘画，油画”。B选项illustration“插图，例证”。C选项drawing“绘画，绘图”。D选项sketch“略图，素描”。句意：他画了一幅大楼一楼的草图，告诉我们他的办公室在哪里。因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Thechildhasagood（）memory:shecanrepeatthestorieshermothertellsherexactly.

问题1选项

A.convey

B.verbal

C.optimistic

D.authentic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。convey动词，“传达，运输”；verbal“口头的，言语的”；optimistic“乐观的”；authentic“真正的”。根据下文“她能准确地复述她母亲讲给她听的故事”，说明孩子的口头记忆很好，所以选项B正确。

9.单选题

Hegavean（）viewofthestateofaffairsinIreland.

问题1选项

A.impartial

B.impact

C.improve

D.insanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项impartial“公平的，公正的”；B选项impact“影响；效果”；C选项improve“改善，增进”；D选项insanity“疯狂；精神错乱”。句意：他对爱尔兰的事态发表了公正的看法。空格处需要填一个形容词修饰名词view，因此A项正确。

10.单选题

Scientificresearchresultscannowbequickly（）tofactoryproduction.

问题1选项

A.used

B.applied

C.employed

D.practiced

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。beusedto表示“被用来；习惯于”，beappliedto表示“被运用于，应用于”，beemployedto表示“被使用于；被雇佣于”，practice通常与put构成搭配“putsth.topractice”表示“把……付诸于实践”。由句意可知，如今科研成果是被应用于工厂生产。因此，只有B项符合原句含义和搭配，故本题正确答案为B选项。

11.单选题

Thecomputercanbeprogrammedto（）awholevarietyoftasks.

问题1选项

A.assign

B.tackle

C.realize

D.solve

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项assign表示“分配；指派”，B选项tackle表示“应付，着手处理”，C选项realize表示“意识到”，D选项solve表示“解决（问题、难题等）”。由句意可知，计算机可以编程，解决各种各样的任务。因此，只有B选项可以搭配宾语task，故本题正确答案为B选项。

12.单选题

Whenhewasonly10metersawayfromthefinishingline,theAfricanrunnersuddenly（）passingbytheotherrunners.

问题1选项

A.attempted

B.approached

C.accelerated

D.accessed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。attempt“企图，试图”；approach“走进；临近；处理”；accelerate“加速”；access“接近，使用”。句意：当他离终点只有10米远的时候，这位非洲跑步者加速超过了其他人。选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

Thenextfewdecadeswillseegreatchangesinthewayenergyissuppliedandused.Insomemajoroilproducingnations,“peakoil”hasalreadybeenreached,andthereareincreasingfearsofglobalwarning.Consequently,manycountriesarefocusingontheswitchtoalowcarboneconomy.Thistransitionwillleadtomajorchangesinthesupplyanduseofelectricitytopowertheirhomesandvehicles.Secondly,therewillbeanincreaseinpowergeneration,notonlyintermsofhowmuchisgenerated,butalsohowitisgenerated,asthereisgrowingelectricitygenerationfromrenewablesources.Tomeetthesechallenges,countriesareinvestinginSmartGridtechnology.Thissystemaimstoprovidetheelectricityindustrywithabetterunderstandingofpowergenerationanddemand,andtousethisinformationtocreateamoreefficientpowernetwork.

SmartGirdtechnologybasicallyinvolvestheapplicationofacomputersystemtotheelectricitynetwork.Thecomputersystemcanbeusedtocollectinformationaboutsupplyanddemandandimproveengineer’sabilitytomanagethesystem.Withbetterinformationaboutelectricitydemand,thenetworkwillbeabletoincreasetheamountofelectricitydeliveredperunitgenerated,leadingtopotentialreductionsinfuelneedsandcarbonemissions.Moreover,thecomputersystemwillassistinreducingoperationalandmaintenancecosts.

SmartGridtechnologyoffersbenefitstotheconsumertoo.Theywillbeabletocollectreal-timeinformationontheirenergyuseforeachappliance.Varyingtariffsthroughoutthedaywillgivecustomerstheincentivetouseappliancesattimeswhensupplygreatlyexceedsdemand,leadingtogreatreductionsinbills.Forexample,theymayusetheirwashingmachinesatnight.Smartmeterscanalsobeconnectedtotheinternetortelephonesystem,allowingcustomerstoswitchappliancesonoroffremotely.Furthermore,ofhousesarefittedwiththeapparatustogeneratetheirownpower,appliancescanbesettorundirectlyfromtheon-sitepowersource,andanyexcesscanbesoldtothegrid.

Withthesechangescomesarangeofchallenges.Thefirstinvolvesmanagingthesupplyanddemand.Sourcesofrenewableenergy,suchaswind,waveandsolar,arenotoriouslyunpredictable,andnuclearpower,whichisalsosettoincreaseasnationsswitchtoalternativeenergysources,isinflexible.Withoilandgas,itisrelativelysimpletoincreasethesupplyofenergytomatchtheincreasingdemandduringpeaktimesofthedayoryear.Withalternativesources,thisisfarmoredifficult,andmayleadtoblackoutsorsystemcollapse.Potentialsolutionsincludeinvestigatingnewandefficientwaystostoreenergyandencouragingconsumerstouseelectricityatoff-peaktimes.

Asecondproblemisthefactthatmanyrenewablepowergenerationsourcesarelocatedinremoteareas,suchaswindyuplandsandcoastalregions,wherethereiscurrentlyalackofelectricaltechnology,thiscanbedonemoreefficientlybyreducingthereinforcementorconstructioncosts.AlthoughSmartTechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,pilotschemestopromoteandtestitarealreadyunderway.Consumersarecurrentlytestingthenewsmartmeterswhichcanbeusedintheirhomestomanageelectricityuse.Therearealsoanumberofdemonstrationsbeingplannedtoshowhowthesmarttechnologycouldpracticallywork,andtrialsareinplacetotestthenewelectricalinfrastructure.Itislikelythattechnologywillbeaddedin‘layers’startingwith‘quickwin’methodswhichwillprovideinitialcarbonsavings,tobefollowedbymoreadvancedsystemsatalaterdate.Citiesareprimecandidatesforinvestmentintosmartenergy,duetothehighpopulationdensityandhighenergyuse.ItisherewhereSmartTechnologyislikelytobepromotedfirst,utilisingarangeofsustainablepowersourcestransportsolutionsandaninfrastructureforchangingelectricallypoweredvehicles.Theinfrastructureisalreadychangingfast.Bytheyear2050,changesintheenergysupplywillhavetransformedourhomes,ourroadsandourbehavior.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whathashappenedinsomeoilproducingcountries?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitofmartGirdtechnologytoconsumers?

3.Whatistheproblemwithusingrenewablesourcesofpoweraccordingtothearticle?

4.Inparagraph5,whatcanbeinferredaboutcitiesinthefuture?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatcanbeinferredabouttheintroductionofSmartGirdTechnology?

问题1选项

A.Theyareunwillingtoselltheiroilanymore.

B.Theyarenotproducingasmuchoilastheyusedto.

C.Thesupplyofoilisunpredictable.

D.Globalwarmingismoreseverherethaninothercountries.

问题2选项

A.Itcanreducetheirelectricitybills.

B.Itcantellthemhowmuchenergyeachapplianceisusing.

C.Itcanallowthemtoturnappliancesonandoffwhentheyarenotathome.

D.Itcanreducetheamountofenergyneededtopowerappliances.

问题3选项

A.Theydonotprovidemuchenergy.

B.Theyoftencausesystemfailureandblackouts.

C.Theydonotsupplyacontinuousflowofenergy.

D.Theycan’tbeusedatoff-peaktimes.

问题4选项

A.Morepeoplewillbelivingincitiesinthefuturethannowadays.

B.Peopleincitieswillbeusingcarsandbusespoweredbyelectricity.

C.Allbuildingswillgeneratetheirownelectricity.

D.SmartGridtechnologywillonlybeavailableincities.

问题5选项

A.Thetechnologieswhichproducemostbenefitswillbeintroducedfirst.

B.Thecheapesttechnologieswillintroducesfirst.

C.Thetechnologieswhicharemostdifficulttoputintoplacewillbeintroducedfirst.

D.Technologicallyadvancedsystemswillbeintroducedfirst.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段“Insomemajoroilproducingnations,“peakoil”hasalreadybeenreached”，在一些主要的石油生产国，“石油峰值”已经达到。由此可知，选项A“他们不愿意再卖他们的石油了”，选项C“石油的供应是不可预测的”，选项D“全球变暖在这里比在其他国家更加严重”均与文章不符,因此B选项正确。

第2题:2.细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“leadingtogreatreductionsinbills”，导致电费大幅减少；“allowingcustomerstoswitchappliancesonoroffremotely”，让消费者可以远程启动或关闭家用电器；“ofhousesarefittedwiththeapparatustogeneratetheirownpower,appliancescanbesettorundirectlyfromtheon-sitepowersource,andanyexcesscanbesoldtothegrid”，配备这一装置的房间，可以自行发电，家用电器就可以直接依靠这一电源运转，而多余的电量则可以出售给电网。由此可知，选项A“它可以减少他们的电费”，选项C“当他们不在家的时候，它可以让他们远程打开和关闭电器”，选项D“它可以减少电力设备所需的总电量”均与文章相符,而选项B“可以测试出每一个家用电器使用中的电量”，文章未提及。因此B选项正确。

第3题:3.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第四段“Thefirstinvolvesmanagingthesupplyanddemand”，首先是管理供给和需求的问题；“Sourcesofrenewableenergy...arenotoriouslyunpredictable”，可再生能源的来源是很难把握或预测的；“thisisfarmoredifficult,andmayleadtoblackoutsorsystemcollapse”更加困难的是，可能导致停电或系统崩溃；“investigatingnewandefficientwaystostoreenergy”，研究出新的且有效的方法就是存储能源。由此可知，选项A“它们不提供太多能量源”，选项B“它们经常导致系统故障和停电”，选项D“他们在非高峰时段不能使用”均与文章不符,因此C选项正确。

第4题:4.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第五段“Citiesareprimecandidatesforinvestmentintosmartenergy,duetothehighpopulationdensityandhighenergyuse”，由于城市的高人口密度和高耗能，他们将是推广智能能源的首选目标；“...infrastructureforchangingelectricallypoweredvehicles”，提升基础设施建设，如改变汽车的电源供给方式。由此可知，选项A“将来住在城市的人会比现在多”，选项C“所有的建筑都会自行发电”，选项D“智能电网技术只能在城市使用”均与文章不符，因此B选项正确。

第5题:5.推理判断题。题干的意思是问“根据作者所述，关于智能网格技术的引入，我们可以推断出什么?”。由题干关键词定位到文章最后一段.“changesintheenergysupplywillhavetransformedourhomes,ourroadsandourbehavior”，智能供电方式的转变将会改变我们的家、我们的道路以及我们的行为。由此可知，选项B“最便宜的技术将首先引入”，选项C“首先引进最难实施的技术”，选项D“首先引进技术先进的系统”均与文章不符，因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

Theshipwas（）inastormoffJamaica.

问题1选项

A.owned

B.sunk

C.wrecked

D.submitted

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。此处考查的是动词过去分词形式作为形容词使用的词义，A选项owned“自身拥有的”；B选项sunk“凹陷的；低沉的；失去希望的”；C选项wrecked“失事的”；D选项submitted“屈服的”。句意：这艘船在牙买加附近的风暴中……。“风暴”与“船”联系在一起，符合常理的就是“失事”了，C选项正确。

15.单选题

Successfulpeoplealwaysmake（）preparationforanypotentialsetbacks.

问题1选项

A.adequate

B.urgent

C.abrupt

D.final

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。adequate“充足的”；urgent“紧急的，紧迫的”;abrupt“生硬的，唐突的”；final“最终的，决定性的”。根据preparation“准备”与potentialsetbacks“潜在的挫折”，可知选项A符合题意。句意：成功的人总会为潜在失败做好充足的准备。

16.单选题

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute（）ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponourorgans;thegreatmajoritypassesusby.

问题1选项

A.fraction

B.fiction

C.function

D.friction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fraction表示“分数，部分，小部分”，B选项fiction表示“小说，编造，谎言”，C选项function表示“功能，运转，函数”，D选项friction表示“摩擦，摩擦力”。根据句意可知，我们仅仅察觉到偶然触及我们感官的一小部分光和声音；而大部分已经过去了。空缺处单词与后文中的thegreatmajority形成对比，形容光和声音的一小部分，因此，只有A项符合语境。故本题正确答案为A选项。

17.单选题

Mostofthestoriesabouthisprivatelifeareprobably（）.

问题1选项

A.apocalyptical

B.apocryphal

C.apocrine

D.apochromatic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项apocalyptical“天启的，启示论的”；B选项apocryphal“伪的；可疑的”；C选项apocrine“泌离的，顶浆分泌的”；D选项apochromatic“[光]复消色差的”。句意：有关他私生活的事可能大部分是虚构的。因此B项符合句意。

18.单选题

Manydifficultieshave（）asaresultofthechangetoanewtypeoffuel.

问题1选项

A.risen

B.arisen

C.raised

D.arrived

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项risen表示“攀升；升起”；B选项arisen表示“出现；上升”，不及物动词；C选项raised表示“提高；筹集；养育”；D选项arrived“到达”。从词性及词义判断，只有B选项arisen符合要求。句意：由于改用了一种新型燃料，许多困难出现了。

19.单选题

Ijustlearntfrom’'InterculturalEducation"coursethatanEnglishmanseldom（）aconversationamongstrangers.

问题1选项

A.breaksdown

B.givesriseto

C.initiates

D.resumes

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词和词组。A选项breakdown表示“分解，发生故障”，B选项giveriseto表示“使发生，引起”，C选项initiates表示“启动，开始”，D选项resume表示“重新开始，重新回到，重新占用”。由句意可知，我刚从“跨文化教育”课程中了解到，英国人很少与陌生人对话。空缺处单词需与conversation构成动宾短语，表示“发起会话”，因此只有initiate最符合语境，故本题正确答案为C选项。

20.单选题

Lawyersemergedfrom（）intheeighteencenturytobecomekeymembersofthecommercialcolonies.

问题1选项

A.prominence

B.obscurity

C.significance

D.originality

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。prominence“突出，显著”；obscurity“朦胧，晦涩，身份低微”；significance“意义，重要性”；originality“创意，创造力”。句意：18世纪，律师从默默无闻一跃成为商业殖民地的重要成员。此处需要注意题干中的“from...to...”，说明有转变，to后面是“重要成员”，而能体现这一转变的选项为Bobscurity。

21.单选题

He（）threehoursinthesnowtogetbackhome.

问题1选项

A.trudged

B.grudged

C.judged

D.fudged

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项trudge“跋涉”；B选项grudge“（因不满而）不愿意给（或允许）”；C选项judge“判断；猜测（大小、数量等）”；D选项fudge“含糊其辞，模糊处理；回避。句意：他在雪中跋涉三个钟头才回到家。因此A项符合句意。

22.单选题

Musclesmay（）orlosetheirtone,buttheywon’tturntofat.

问题1选项

A.concentrate

B.atrophy

C.condense

D.astrogate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项concentrate“集中；浓缩”；B选项atrophy“萎缩；虚脱”；C选项condense“使浓缩；使压缩”；D选项astrogate“操纵；航天”。句意：肌肉可能萎缩或失去弹性，但是它们不能变成脂肪。并列连词or连接空格处和“失去弹性”，因此此题选B。

23.单选题

Somecityplannersbelievethateachcityis（）:inotherwords,becauseofculturaldifferences,onecitycan'tsimplycopyothers.

问题1选项

A.separated

B.cutoff

C.unique

D.integrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。separated“分开的”；cutoff“切断，中断”；unique“独特的，独一无二的”；integrated“综合的，完整的”。根据冒号后面的内容：由于文化差异，一个城市不能简单地复制其他城市。由此可知，一些城市规划者认为每个城市都是独一无二的。所以选项C正确。

24.单选题

Thelittlegirlcouldnot（）hercuriositytoseewhatwasinthebox.

问题1选项

A.abstain

B.refrain

C.restrain

D.prevent

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项abstain“弃权；避免”；B选项refrain“节制；避免；制止”；C选项restrain“抑制；约束；制止”；D选项prevent“预防；阻止”。句意：小女孩……不住她的好奇心，想看看盒子里有什么。与“好奇心”搭配时选用C选项“抑制”更合适。

25.单选题

Thethievesdidn’tknowthattheyweredeceiveduntilthefakediamondturnedouttobe（）.

问题1选项

A.valuable

B.valueless

C.invaluable

D.priceless

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项valuable“很重要的;宝贵的;”；B选项valueless“没有价值的;不值钱的”；C选项invaluable“极有用的;极宝贵的”；D选项priceless“无价的;极珍贵的”。句意：直到最后发现那颗假钻石毫无价值，窃贼才知道自己上当受骗了。根据关键词“假钻石”可知B符合句意。

26.单选题

Thepoliceare（）theprisoner’sstatementbyquestioningseveralwitnesses.

问题1选项

A.verifying

B.acknowledging

C.expressing

D.confessing

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项verify“核实；查证”；B选项acknowledge“承认；答谢；报偿”；C选项express“表达；快递”；D选项confess“承认；坦白；忏悔”。句意：警察通过询问几个证人来……囚犯的供词。证人的意义在于“核实”，因此A选项正确。

27.单选题

Theconceptof"civilsociety"hasplayedacentralroleintherecentglobaldebateaboutthepreconditionsfordemocracyanddemocratization.Inthenewerdemocraciesthisphrasehasproperlyfocusedattentionontheneedtofosteravibrantciviclifeinsoilstraditionallyinhospitabletoself-government.Intheestablisheddemocracies,ironically,growingnumbersofcitizensarequestioningtheeffectivenessoftheirpublicinstitutionsattheverymomentwhenliberaldemocracyhassweptthebattlefield,bothideologicallyandgeopolitically.InAmerica,atleast,thereisreasontosuspectthatthisdemocraticdisarraymaybelinkedtoabroadandcontinuingerosionofcivicengagementthatbeganaquarter-centuryago.Highonourscholarlyagendashouldbethequestionofwhetheracomparableerosionofsocialcapitalmaybeunderwayinotheradvanceddemocracies,perhapsindifferentinstitutionalandbehavioralguises.HighonAmerica'sagendashouldbethequestionofhowtoreversetheseadversetrendsinsocialconnectedness,thusrestoringcivicengagementandcivictrust.

InBowlingAlone(2000)Putnamfollowedupwithacomprehensiveexplorationofasubstantialarrayofdatasources.Theevidencebegantolookconvincing.Firstintherealmofcivicengagementandsocialconnectednesshewasabletodemonstratethat,forexample,overthelastthreedecadesofthetwentiethcenturytherehadbeenaFundamentalshiftin:

Politicalandcivicengagement.Voting:politicalknowledge,politicaltrust,andgrassrootspoliticalactivismamalldown.Americanssign30percentfewerpetitionsandare40percentlesslikelytojoinaconsumerboycott,ascomparedtojustadecadeortwoago.Thedeclinesareequallyvisibleinnon-politicalcommunitylife:membershipandactivityinallsortsoflocalclubsandcivicandreligiousorganizationshavebeenfallingatanacceleratingpace.Inthemid-1970stheaverageAmericanattendedsomeclubmeetingeverymonth,by1998thatrateofattendancehadbeencutbynearly60percent.

Informalsocialties.In1975theaverageAmericanentertainedfriendsathome15timesperyear;theequivalentfigure(1998)isnowbarelyhalfthat.Virtuallyallleisureactivitiesthatinvolvedoingsomethingwithsomeoneelse,fromplayingvolleyballtoplayingchambermusic,aredeclining.

Toleranceandtrust.AlthoughAmericansaremoretolerantofoneanotherthanwerepreviousgenerations,theytrustoneanotherless.Surveydataprovideonemeasureofthegrowthofdishonestyanddistrust,butthereareotherindicators.Forexample,employmentopportunitiesforpolice,lawyers,andsecuritypersonnelwerestagnantformostofthiscentury-indeed,Americahadfewerlawyerspercapitain1970thanin1900.Inthelastquartercenturytheseoccupationsboomed,aspeoplehaveincreasinglyturnedtothecourtsandthepolice.

Hewentontoexaminethepossiblereasonsforthisdecline.Crucially,hewasabletodemonstratethatsomefavoritecandidatesforblamecouldnotberegardedassignificant.Residentialmobilityhadactuallybeendecliningforthelasthalfofthecentury.Timepressure,especiallyontwo-careerfamilies,couldonlybeamarginalcandidate.Somefamiliarthemesremainedthough:

Changesinfamilystructure(i.e.withmoreandmorepeoplelivingalone),areapossibleelementasconventionalavenuestocivicinvolvementarenotwell-designedforsingleandchildlesspeople.Suburbansprawlhasfracturedthespatialintegrityofpeople’s.Theytravelmuchfurthertowork,shopandenjoyleisureopportunities.Asaresultthereislesstimeavailable(andlessinclination)tobecomeinvolvedingroups.Suburbansprawlisaverysignificantcontributor.

Electronicentertainment,especiallytelevision,hasprofoundlyprivatizedleisuretime.Thetimewespendwatchingtelevisionisadirectdrainuponinvolvementingroupsandsocialcapitalbuildingactivities.Itmaycontributeupto40percentofthedeclineininvolvementingroups.

However,generationalchangecameoutasaverysignificantfactor.A“longcivicgeneration,"borninthefirstthirdofthetwentiethcentury,isnowpassingfromtheAmericanscene."Theirchildrenandgrandchildren(babyboomersandGenerationX-ers)aremuchlessengagedinmostformsofcommunitylife.Forexample,thegrowthinvolunteeringoverthelasttenyearsisduealmostentirelytoincreasedvolunteeringbyretireesfromthelongcivicgeneration".Thebookalsoexplorestheconsequencesofadeclineinsocialcapital(andthebenefitsenjoyedbythosecommunitieswithasubstantialstockofit),andwhatcanbedone.

Variouscriticismscanbemountedagainsttheargument-andmosttellingly,initially,againstthedataanditsinterpretation-however,Putnamhasmountedaverysignificantandsustainedcasehere-butitisstillopentovariouscriticisms.

1.Accordingtothetext,whichoneofthefollowingstatementistrue?

2.WhichpositionwasNOTstagnantformostofthiscenturyaccordingtoPutnam’sexploration?

3.WhatisthechangeonsigningpetitionsandjoiningboycottsinAmerica?

4.Howdoesthefamilystructureinfluencepeople'scivicinvolvement?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeauthors’opiniononPutnam'sexploration?

问题1选项

A.Americansarenowtendingtotakingpartinnon-politicalactivitiesratherthanpoliticalactivities.

B.Currentcomplaintsindemocraciesmainlyfocusontheintegrityofgovernmentandpoliticians.

C.Americansaremoretolerantofoneanotherthanbeforewhiletheytrusteachotherless.

D.Thereisnoproofthatsuburbansprawlhasanythingtodowithpeople’sinvolvementingroups.

问题2选项

A.Policeofficer

B.Attorneys

C.Securityguard

D.Nursingassistant

问题3选项

A.Peoplesign30%fewerpetitionsandjoin40%fewerboycotts.

B.Peoplesign40%fewerpetitionsandjoin30%fewerboycotts.

C.Peoplesign40%morepetitionsandjoin30%moreboycotts.

D.Peoplesign30%morepetitionsandjoin40%moreboycotts.

问题4选项

A.PeoplefinditmoreinterestingspendingtimewatchingTVratherthangoingoutside.

B.Traditionalwaysoftakingpartincivicactivitiesarepoorforsingleandchildlesscouples.

C.Contradictionsbetweenfamilymemberspreventpeoplefromcivicinvolvement.

D.Ittakestoomuchtimeforpeopletoenjoyleisureopportunities.

问题5选项

A.Itisenoughforustodrawaconclusiononcivicengagementandsocialconnectedness.

B.Morediscussionsarestillneededinsolvingtheproblemsofcivilsociety.

C.ThecaseofAmericanscanbeappliedtomorecountriesandregions.

D.Itisanoverduereportforsocialandethnologicalstudy.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。第五段指出：AlthoughAmericansaremoretolerantofoneanotherthanwerepreviousgenerations,theytrustoneanotherless