2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号40

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed"intuition"tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg’srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperform,well-learnedbehavior,patternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan"Aha!”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizespatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking”isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften“know”whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTto（）.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

问题1选项

A.speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem

B.identifyaproblem

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts

D.stipulatecleargoals

问题2选项

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions

问题3选项

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.

D.ManagerXdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem;ManagerXdoesnot

问题4选项

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis

B.Managercannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions

C.Managerintuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills

D.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently

问题5选项

A.Anassertionismadeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由题干中关键词seniormanagers定位到文章第三段。第三段说到seniormanagers在五个不同方面使用直觉，其中第一点、第三点和第五点分别对一个选项B、C和A，因此D选项符合题意。

第2题:2.推理判断题。本题定位段十分明确。A选项“他们批评管理人员没有遵循经典的理性决策模式”源自本段中“Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality”，一些作者认为直觉位于理性决策的对立面，但并未提及这些作者批评管理人员的行为；B选项“他们的分析并没有建立在足够大的实际管理者样本的基础上”在本段中并未提及；C选项“他们依赖于管理者说了什么得出结论，而不是管理者做了什么”同样并未提及；D选项“他们误解了管理者在做商业决策时是如何利用直觉的”，由第三段开头可知，之前的这些作者都没有认识到管理人员在决策过程中是如何使用直觉的，说明第二段中提到的几点都只是这些作者们的误解，所以D选项正确。

第3题:3.推理判断题。本题比较的关键是靠直觉决策与分析后决策。第一段就对这两个类型做了比较。A选项“经理X首先分析，然后采取行动”这个类型对应的是第一段提到的分析后决策类管理者，排除A选项；B选项“X经理通过系统分析来检查问题的可能解决方案”同样对应分析决策类管理者的行为；D选项“经理X利用多年的实践经验为问题创建解决方案”，说到“实践经验”显然与“直觉”相违背；只有C选项“经理X采取行动，以达到问题的解决方案”符合第一段第二句中对于依靠直觉决策的管理者的描述，因此C选项正确。

第4题:4.推理判断题。A选项“依赖直觉的管理者比依赖正式决策分析的管理者更成功”是对文章用意的歪曲，第一段第一句说到“Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodel…”，大多数成功的高级管理者并没有遵循经典的理性分析模式，但下文是针对大多数高级管理人员的决策模式讲解，并没有比较两种模式之间谁更成功；B选项“管理者无法证明他们的直觉决定是正确的”在文中没有对应表述；C选项“管理者的直觉与他们的理性和分析能力背道而驰”，有悖于第三段中第四点的描述，这些管理者实际依然拥有理性分析能力；D选项“直觉使管理者能够更有效地运用他们的实践经验”对应第三段第二点，他们依靠多年时间磨练和亲身体验培养出的技能做出直觉判断，也就是说他们能高效运用实践经验。

第5题:5.篇章结构题。文章第一段，显然是先给出了传统模式，再抛出新的模式，B选项“传统的模型被摒弃，取而代之的是另一种模型”符合文意。A选项“给出了一个断言并给出了一个具体的支持示例”；C选项“介绍和总结了近年来的研究成果”；D选项“提出并评价了两种相反的观点”。

2.单选题

Afterreceivingthenews,immediate（）wastakenbythelocalgovernmenttostopthediseasespreading.

问题1选项

A.activity

B.adventure

C.action

D.measure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。activity“活动”；adventure“冒险”；action“活动，行动”；measure“测量，措施”。根据关键词take可知此处是表示“采取措施”，因此选项D符合题意。句意：接到消息后，当地政府立刻采取措施防止疾病蔓延。

3.单选题

Thisrockhastobe（）inordertobuildaroad.

问题1选项

A.explored

B.blasted

C.hired

D.maintained

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项explore“探索；探测”；B选项blast“爆炸；损害”；C选项hire“租用；聘用”；D选项maintain“维持；继续；维修”。句意：为了修路，必须炸掉这块岩石。根据“为了修路”可知，B符合题意。

4.翻译题

AMessontheLadderofSuccess1.ThroughoutAmericanhistory,therehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutwards:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies,drainthewetlandsandbuildnewcities.

Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theUShadamildpanicattack.2.whatwouldthisenergetic,enterprisingcountrybewithoutnewlandstoconquer?Somepeople,suchasTeddyRoosevelt,decidedtokeeponconquering(Cuba,thePhilippines,etc.),buteventually,inindustrialization,theUSfoundanewnarrativeofeconomicmobilityathome.Fromthe1890stothe1960s,peoplemovedfromfarmtocity,firstintheNorthandthenintheSouth.Infact,bythe1950s,therewasenoughprosperityandwhite-collarworkthatmanybegantomovetothesuburbs.Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson’smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.

Forthelast20yearsfromtheendofthecoldwarthroughtwoburstbubblesinasingledecade,theUShasbeencastingaboutforitsnexteconomicnarrative.Andnowitisexperiencinganotherperiodofpanic,whichisbadnewsformuchoftheworkforcebutparticularlyforitsyoungestmembers.

TheUShasalwaysbeenaremarkablemobilecountry,butnewdatafromtheCensusBureauindicatethatmobilityhasreacheditslowestlevelinrecordedhistory.Sure,somepeoplearestuckinhomesvaluedatlessthantheirmortgages,butmanyyoungpeoplewhodon’townhomesanddon'tyethavefamilies—arestayingput,too.Thissuggests,amongotherthings,thatpeoplearen’tpackingupforneweconomicopportunitiesthewaytheyusedto.Ratherthandividingthecountryintothe1percentersversuseveryoneelse,thesplitinoureconomyisreallybetweentwootherclasses:themobileandimmobile.

Partoftheproblemisthatcountry’slargestindustriesareindecline.Inthepast,itwasperfectlyclearwhereyoungpeopleshouldgoforwork(Chicagointhe1870s,Detroitinthe1910s,Houstoninthe1970s)and,moreorless,whatthey’dbedoingwhentheygotthere(killingcattle,buildingcars,sellingoil).3.Andtheseindustrieswerelargeenoughtoofferjobstoeachclassofworker,fromunskilledlaborertomanagerorengineer.Today,thefewbrightspotsinoureconomyarerelativelysmall(thoughsomepromisefuturegrowth)anddecentralized.TherearegreatjobsinSiliconValley,inthebiotechresearchcapitalsofBostonandRaleigh-Durhamandinadvancedmanufacturingplantsalongthesouthern1-85corridor.Thesecompaniesrecruitalloverthecountryandtheglobeforworkerswithspecificabilities.4.Youdon’tneedtobethenextMarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook,togetajobinoneofthemicrohubs,bytheway.ButyouwillalmostcertainlyneedatleastaB.A.incomputerscienceorayearortwoatatechnicalschool.Thisnewer,selectjobmarketisnational,anditoffersmembersofthemobileclasscompetitivesalariesandhigherbargainingpower.

Manymembersoftheimmobileclass,ontheotherhand,liveintheAmericaofthegloomyheadlines.Ifyouhavenospecializedskills,there'slittlereasontouproottoanotherstateandbethelastinlineforalow-payingjobatanewautoplantoragreen-energystartup.Thesurpriseinthecensusdata,however,isthattheimmobileworkforceisnotlimitedtounskilledworkers.Infact,manyhaveacollegedegree.

Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkswithoutabachelor’sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.5.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-famousschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow.Tocompeteforjobsonanationallevel,theyshouldbearmedwiththeskillsthatemergingindustriesneed,whethertechnicalornot.

【答案】1.纵观美国历史，几乎总是至少会有一个经济中心的故事，让雄心勃勃或不满足的人有理由收拾行囊，到别处去寻找机遇。在欧洲人定居的前300年左右，这种故事是关于人口向外迁移的：让移民先到大陆，然后再到边疆开辟草原，排干湿地，并建造新的城市。

2.如果没有新的土地可以征服，这个精力充沛、富有进取精神的国家将会怎样？有些人，比如泰迪•罗斯福，决定继续征服(古巴、菲律宾等地)，但最终，在工业化的进程中，美国在国内发现了一个新的关于经济流动的故事。

3.而且这些行业的规模足够大，可以为各个阶层的工人提供工作，从非技术工人到经理或工程师。但是今天，我们经济中为数不多的亮点相对较小(尽管一些亮点未来可能会增长)，而且是分散管理的。

4.顺便说一下，你不需要成为下一个Facebook的创始人马克•扎克伯格(MarkZuckerberg)，也能在微软中心找到一份工作。但几乎可以肯定的是，你至少需要计算机科学学士学位或在技术学校待过一两年。这个新兴的择业市场是全国性的，它为流动阶层的成员提供了有竞争力的薪资和更高的议价权力。

5.他称，尽管那些顶尖大学的毕业生不论他们学的专业是什么，都有可能找到一份好工作，但那些不知名学校的毕业生将会根据他们所学的知识来接受评判。为了在全国范围内竞争工作岗位，他们应该具备新兴产业所需要的技能，无论是技术性的还是非技术性的。

5.单选题

His（）keepshimfromtakingpartinsports.

问题1选项

A.prosperity

B.punctuality

C.humor

D.sloth

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项prosperity“繁荣，成功”；B选项punctuality“严守时间；正确”；C选项humor“幽默，诙谐”；D选项sloth“怠惰，懒惰。句意：他因懒散而不参加体育运动。根据句意“不参加体育运动”可知D项正确。

6.单选题

MaryandJohnarebusylookingforahotelfortheirwedding（）.

问题1选项

A.meal

B.banquet

C.refreshment

D.snack

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项meal“一顿饭”；B选项banquet“宴会，盛宴”；C选项refreshment“饮料，小食”；D选项snack“点心，小吃”。句意：玛丽和约翰正忙着为他们的婚宴找一家酒店。根据“wedding”可知这里应该选用一个比较正式的词，故选B项，表示“婚宴”。

7.单选题

Asyouareplanningforavacation,Isuggestyougotoatravelagencyandaskforaholiday（）.

问题1选项

A.introduction

B.advertisement

C.book

D.brochure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。introduction“介绍，前言，入门”；advertisement“广告”；book“书”；brochure“小册子，手册”。句意：由于你准备度假，我建议你去旅行社找本假日手册。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Moderntechnologyhasputmenonthemoonanddecipheredthehumangenome.Butwhenitcomestobrewingupflutomakevaccines,sciencestillturnstotheincredibleedibleegg.Eversincethe1940s,vaccinemakershavegrownlargebatchesofvirusinsidechickeneggs.Butgiventhatsome36,000Americansdieofflueachyear,it’sremarkablethatourfirstlineofdefenseisstillwhatSecretaryofHealthandHumanServicesTommyThompsoncalls"thecumbersomeandarchaicegg-basedproduction."Newcell-basedtechnologiesareinthepipeline,however,andmayfinallygetthesupporttheyneednowthattheUnitedStatesisfacedwithacriticalshortageoffluvaccine.Althoughexpertsdisagreeonwhethernewwaysofproducingvaccinecouldhavepreventedashortageliketheonehappeningtoday,thereisnodoubtthattheexistingsystemhasseriousflaws.

Eachyear,vaccinemanufacturersplaceadvanceordersformillionsofspeciallygrownchickeneggs.Meanwhile,public-healthofficialsmonitorcirculatingstrainsofflu,andeachMarchtheyrecommendthreestrains—twoinfluenzaAstrainsandoneBstrain—formanufacturerstoincludeinvaccines.Inthelatespringandsummer,automatedmachinesinjectvirusintoeggsandlatersuckouttheinfluenza-richgoop.Virusfromtheeggs’innardsgetskilledandprocessedtoremoveeggproteinsandothercontaminantsbeforebeingpackagedintovialsforfallshipment.

Whyhasthiseggmethodpersistedforsixdecades?Themainreasonisthatit’sreliable.Buteventhoughtheeggsarereliable,theyhaveseriousdrawbacks.Oneisthelongleadtimeneededtoordertheeggs.Thatmeansit’shardtomakemorevaccineinahurry,incaseofashortageorunexpectedoutbreak.Andeggsmaysimplybetoocumbersometokeepupwiththehundredsofmillionsofdosesrequiredtohandlethedemandforfluvaccine.

What’smore,someflustrainsdon’tgrowwellineggs.Lastyear,scientistswereunabletoincludetheFujianstraininthevaccineformulation.Itwasarelativelynewstrain,andmanufacturerssimplycouldn’tfindaquickwaytoadaptitsothatitgrewwellineggs.“Weknewthestrainwasoutthere,”recallsTheodoreEickhoffoftheUniversityofColoradoHealthSciencesCenter,“butpublic-healthofficialswereleftwithoutavaccine---and,consequently,amoreseverefluseason.”

Worse,thevirusesthatposethegreatestthreatmightbehardesttogrowineggs.That’sbecauseglobalpandemicsliketheonethatkilledover50millionpeoplebetween1918and1920arethoughttooccurwhenabirdinfluenzachangesinawaythatletsitcrossthespeciesbarrierandinfecthumans.Sincehumanshaven’tencounteredthenewvirusbefore,theyhavelittleprotectiveimmunity.ThedeadlybirdflucirculatinginAsiain1997and1998,forexample,worriedpublic-healthofficialsbecauseitspreadtosomepeoplewhohandledbirdsandkilledthem—althoughthebugnevercirculatedamonghumans.Butwhenscientiststriedtomakevaccinetheold-fashionedway,thebirdfluquicklykilledtheeggs.

1.Themoon-landingismentionedinthefirstparagraphtoillustrate（）.

2.Whatstepisessentialtothetraditionalproductionoffluvaccine?

3.Theforemostreasonwhytheegg-basedmethodisdefectiveliesin（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Intheauthor’sview,thenewvaccineproductionmethodseemstobe（）.

问题1选项

A.technologycannotsolveallofourhumanproblems

B.progressinvaccineresearchforinfluenzahaslaggedbehind

C.greatachievementshavebeenmadebymeninexploringtheunknown

D.thedevelopmentofvaccineproductionmethodscannotbestopped

问题2选项

A.Manufacturersimplantthevaccineintoorderedchickeneggs.

B.Scientistsidentifytheexactstrainsoonafteraflupandemicstarts.

C.Publichealthmeasuresaretakenasanimportantpandemic-fightingtool.

D.Virusesaredeadenedandmadecleanbeforebeingputintovaccineuse.

问题3选项

A.thecomplexprocessofvaccineproduction

B.itspotentialthreattohumanbeing

C.thelowsurvivalratefornewfluvaccines

D.itscontributiontothefluvaccineshortage

问题4选项

A.Fluvaccinesnowmainlyuseegg-basedtechnology.

B.Abirdinfluenzahasoncecirculatedamonghumans.

C.Safetycanbegreatlyimprovedwithcell-culturevaccines.

D.Modernvaccineproductionmethodsaretoreplaceegg-basedmethods.

问题5选项

A.remarkable

B.criticized

C.efficient

D.accepted

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.作者意图题。由题干关键词themoonlanding定位到文章第一段第一句“Moderntechnologyhasputmenonthemoonanddecipheredthehumangenome”，现代技术已经把人类送上了月球，并破译了人类基因组。紧接着第二句出现了转折词but，说到涉及培养流感病毒生产疫苗时，科学家们居然还在使用可食用鸡蛋。全文主要讲述的是“鸡蛋培育流感疫苗的方法”，因此此处提到“themoonlanding”只是以某方面的发达科技为下文论述做铺垫，因此B选项“流感疫苗研究进展滞后”符合题意。

第2题:2.推理判断题。文章第二段介绍了本题说到的thetraditionalproductionoffluvaccine传统的流感疫苗生产过程。A选项“制造商将疫苗植入订购的鸡蛋中”错在是“automatedmachinesinjectvirus”而不是制造商；B选项“科学家在流感大流行开始后不久就确定了确切的毒株”在文中未提及确定毒株的速度；C选项“公共卫生措施是抗击疫情的重要手段”也未在本文提及；D选项“在投入疫苗使用之前，病毒被杀死并净化”对应第二段最后一句“Virusfromtheeggs’innardsgetskilledandprocessedtoremoveeggproteinsandothercontaminantsbeforebeingpackagedintovialsforfallshipment”，鸡蛋内部的病毒被杀死，经过处理去除鸡蛋蛋白和其他污染物，然后包装成小瓶，准备秋季装运。因此D选项正确。

第3题:3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第一句What’smore,someflustrainsdon’tgrowwellineggs.（更重要的是，有些流感病毒在鸡蛋里生长不好）。C选项“新流感疫苗的低存活率”，文中说流感病毒在鸡蛋中生长得不好，由此可推断，流感疫苗的存活率低。A选项“疫苗生产的复杂过程”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“它对人类的潜在威胁”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“它导致了流感疫苗的短缺”，不符合题意，可排除。因此C选项正确。

第4题:4.推理判断题。A选项“流感疫苗现在主要使用基于鸡蛋的技术”对应文章第一段中作者对于现在依然使用鸡蛋生产流感疫苗感到不可思议，同时D选项“现代疫苗生产方法正在取代以鸡蛋为基础的方法”可由此排除；B选项“禽流感曾经在人类中传播”在文中最后一段倒数第二句中有“althoughthebugnevercirculatedamonghumans”说明这种禽流感并未在人类中传播过，可排除；C选项“细胞培养疫苗可以大大提高安全性”，文中未提到新方法的安全性，因此排除C。

第5题:5.观点态度题。此处问的是作者对于新疫苗培育方法的态度。第一段最后提到，新的细胞生产技术已经投入使用，并且可能最终得到支持。因此可推断出作者认为这个方法是有可能被接受的。D选项accepted正确。

9.单选题

Anewwaveofmusicandartsprojectshasemerged,focusingonsomeonewhomayseemforsomeadubioussourceofinspiration.ImeldaMarcos,formerfirstladyofthePhilippines,iscurrentlybecomingthesubjectofmusical,songcyclesandshowsonaworldwidearena.

WhentheMarcosregimecollapsedin1986,andImeldaandherhusbandFerdinandwereexiledinHawaii,theycarriedwiththemallegationsofembezzlement,corruptionandhumanrightsabuses.Imeldahadspentthelasttwentyyearslivingoffaseeminglyendlesssupplyoffunds,livinganexoticandglamorouslifestyleandribbingshoulderswithpowerfulfiguresworldwide.In1972,whenthesuperstarcouple’spopularitywasfadingandtheywereatriskoflosingtheirpower,FerdinandMarcosinstatedmartial,leadingtoaneraofchaosandplunder,andwhatisdescribedbysomeasthesecondmostcorruptregimeofthetwentiethcentury.FerdinandandImeldafledin1986toescapethePeople’sPowerRevolution.Imeldaleavingbehindsome2000pairsofshoes.AfterherhusbanddiedinHawaiiduetoillhealth,ImeldastoodtrialintheUnitedStatesonbehalfofherhusband.Followingthat,thereturnedtothePhilippinestofaceseventymorecountsofcorruptionandtaxevasion.ShehasnowreturnedtocongressinthePhilippines,hermake-upandgownsasflawlessasever.

SowhatmakesImeldaMarcossuchanappealingmuse?Undoubtedly,ImeldaMarcos’sresolutecharacterwhichhaswithstoodexile,legalbattlesandthewrathofherenemiesmakesheranappealingheroine,butfilm-makerFentonBaileyattributeshericonicitytohersenseofglamourandstyle,andherroleasaculturaltrend-setter.Andlikesomanywomenwholetnothingcomebetweenthemandtheirgoals,shehasgainedacertainiconicstatus,particularlyamonghomosexuals,notunlikethatofJudyGarlandandLadyGaga.

AndnowthestoryofImeldaMarcoscanbeseenintheformatofamusical,andartisticgenrewhichisquitebefittingforthisflamboyant,entertainingfigureofbeautyandglamour.“Imelda—Anewmusical”hasplayedinLosAngelesandNewYork.Theartisticdirectorofthemusical,TimDang,realisesthatthemusicalglossesoverthedarkeraspectsoftheMarcosregime,butwantedtoportrayImeldaasapersonwithallherfaultsondisplay,leavingtheaudiencetocometoaverdict.However,despitetheglitzoftheshow,reviewsweremixed,statingthe“theserio-comicspoof...Hadavacuumatitscentre”.

ThestoryofImeldaMarcoshasalsobeenimmortalisedasasongcycle,“HereLiesLove”writtenbyDavidByrneandNormanCook,inwhichImeldacomesacrossasbothaheroandvillain.Theirreasoningwastotrytounderstandthestoryofhowpeoplecanattainpositionsofsuchpowerandgreed.TheywerealsoinspiredbyImelda’sloveofdancingandclubbing,andhowherownstyleofmusiccouldbeincorporatedintotheirown.Byrneaddsthattheirstoryisnotblackandwhite—thecouplewereverypopularatfirst,andImeldaheadedalotofpublicworksinthePhilippinesandaddedmuchtothenation’ssenseofcultureandidentity.

AttheCulturalCentreofthePhilippines,atournamed“LaVidaImelda”ledbyCarlosSedrandescribesthelifeofImeldaMarcos,thecoldwarandmartiallaw,whilealsoportrayingtheglamouroftheImeldalifestyle.Hedescribesitasaneternalstory,inwhichherextravagancecanbeseenaseitherdistastefulorinsomewaysestimable.

Thereisadangerthatthesenewartformsairbrushouttheatrocitieswhichaccompaniedtheostentationandglamour.Itwasatimewhendemocracywassuppressed,politicalenemiesdisappeared,andbillionsofdollarswhichcouldhavehelpedthepoverty-strickencountrywerespentontheMarcos’sextravagantlifestyle.However,theartistsinvolvedarekeentomakeclearthattheregimealsoresultedingreatleapsforwardinthecountry’sculture,architectureandinfrastructure.TheMarcoslegacyremainsintheformofhospitals,HeartandLungCentres,FolkArttheatresandhomesforchildrenandtheelderly,notwithstandingthattheMarcoscouplesettheirwar-ravaged,poverty-strickenlandontotheworldstage.

1.WhyareImelda’sshoesmentionedinthesecondparagraph?

2.WhataspectofImelda’scharacterisemphasizedinparagraph3?

3.WhyisImeldacomparedwithJudyGarlandandLadyGaga?

4.WhatwasitaboutImelda’sstorythatinterestedDavidByrneandNormanCook?

5.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetextassomethingImeldaMarcosdidforthePhilippines?

问题1选项

A.Toillustratehowlittleshecaredforherpersonalpossessions.

B.Toillustrateherloveoffashionandbeauty.

C.Toindicatehowquicklyshehadtofleethecountry.

D.Toillustratetheextravaganceofherlifestyle.

问题2选项

A.Herflamboyance.

B.Herkindness.

C.Herresolution.

D.Herbeauty.

问题3选项

A.Duetoherstatusasagayicon.

B.Duetoherambitionanddrive.

C.Becauseshehascreatednewfashions.

D.Becauseshehastriumphedoverlegalbattles.

问题4选项

A.Theongoingthemesofpower,greedandmusic.

B.Thefactthatthestoryhadbothaclearheroandvillain.

C.ThereasoningwhypeoplesuchasImeldabecomewhotheyare.

D.Thefactthathermusicaltastewassimilartotheirs.

问题5选项

A.Shemadehealthservicesavailabletothepeople.

B.Shegavethecountryaculturalidentity.

C.ShereducedthelevelsofpovertyforFilipinopeople.

D.Shedrewtheworld’sattentiontothecountry.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段“…allegationsofembezzlement,corruption”，……被指控挪用公款、腐败；“...livinganexoticandglamorouslifestyle”，……过着异域风情的生活；“...whatisdescribedbysomeasthesecondmostcorruptregimeofthetwentiethcentury”……被一些人描述为20世纪第二大最腐败的政权。由此可知，选项A“为了说明她对自己的个人财产是多么不在乎”，选项B“为了说明她对时尚和美丽的热爱”，选项C“为了表示她必须多快逃离这个国家”均与文章不符，因此D选项正确。

第2题:2.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“...attributeshericonicitytohersenseofglamourandstyle,andherroleasaculturaltrend-setter”，…把她的代表性归功于她的魅力和时尚感，以及她作为文化潮流引领者的角色;“shehasgainedacertainiconicstatus”，她已经获得了具有一定代表性的地位。由此可知，选项B“她的善良”，选项C“她的决议”，选项D“她的美丽”均与文章不符，因此A选项正确。

第3题:3.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“...attributeshericonicitytohersenseofglamourandstyle,andherroleasaculturaltrend-setter”，…把她的代表性归功于她的魅力和时尚感，以及她作为文化潮流引领者的角色。由此可知，选项A“因为她是同性恋的代表”，选项B“由于她的野心和干劲”，选项D“因为她已经在法律斗争中获胜”均与文章不符，因此C选项正确。

第4题:4.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第五段“Theirreasoningwastotrytounderstandthestoryofhowpeoplecanattainpositionsofsuchpowerandgreed.TheywerealsoinspiredbyImelda’sloveofdancingandclubbing,andhowherownstyleofmusiccouldbeincorporatedintotheirown”，他们的推理是试图去理解人们是如何获得这样的权力和贪婪的地位的。伊梅尔达对舞蹈和夜总会的热爱，以及如何将她自己的音乐风格融入到他们自己的音乐中，也启发了他们。由此可知，选项B“这个故事有一个明确的英雄和恶棍的事实”，选项C“像伊梅尔达这样的人成为他们自己的原因”，选项D“事实是她的音乐品味和他们的相似”均与文章不符，因此A选项正确。

第5题:5.细节事实题。由题干关键词定位到文章最后一段“TheMarcoslegacyremainsintheformofhospitals”，马科斯的遗产仍然以医院的形式存在。由此可知，选项A“她向人民提供了卫生服务”，选项B“她赋予这个国家一种文化身份”，选项D“她引起了全世界对这个国家的注意”均与文章相符，因此C选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Theypersecutethosewhodonot（）totheirideas.

问题1选项

A.surrender

B.confirm

C.submit

D.conform

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。surrender“投降，屈服”，一般指战败而屈服；confirm“确认，证实”，一般指通过提供证据证明或表明某事物（绝对）正确；submit“服从，提交”，一般指放弃抵抗，愿意服从对方；conform“符合，遵守”，侧重于以同一群体或社会中大多数人的相同方式行动和思考。句意：他们迫害那些不信奉他们思想的人。这里的关键词是“idea”，所以选项D最恰当。

11.单选题

Ifyousawadoctorleavingahouse,youmight（）thatsomeoneinthehousewasill.

问题1选项

A.induce

B.deduce

C.reduce

D.refer

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项induce“诱导；引起；引诱”；B选项deduce“推论；演绎出”；C选项reduce“减少；降低”；D选项refer“涉及；委托；参考”。句意：如果你看到一个医生离开一所房子，你可能会……房子里有人生病了。“医生”和“有人生病”之间存在推论，因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

TheheadoftheMuseumwas（）andletusactuallyexaminetheancientmanuscripts.

问题1选项

A.promising

B.agreeing

C.pleasing

D.obliging

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项promising表示“有希望的；有前途的”，B选项agreeing表示“赞成，同意”，C选项pleasing表示“令人高兴的，合意的”，D选项obliging表示“亲切友善的，乐于助人的”。由后文可知，博物馆负责人让我们查阅了那些古代的手抄本，所以他应该是亲切友善的，故本题正确答案为D选项。

13.单选题

WhenJackwaseighteenhe（）goingaroundwithastrangesetofpeopleandstayingoutverylate.

问题1选项

A.tookto

B.tookup

C.tookfor

D.tookon

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项taketo“喜欢；走向；开始从事”；B选项takeup“拿起；开始从事；占据”；C选项takefor“认为；以为”；D选项takeon“承担；呈现；接纳”。句意：杰克十八岁时，……和一群奇怪的人来往，而且很晚才回家。本句是说杰克在这个年龄段的行为，可理解为是一种喜好，A选项符合句意。

14.单选题

Thejudge（）themurdererto