词义猜测-阅读理解 配套练习题

词义猜测—阅读理解配套练习题词义猜测—阅读理解配套练习题词义猜测—阅读理解配套练习题V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考词义猜测—阅读理解配套练习题日期：20xx年X月专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题)一、知识链接英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有：1.Whichofthefollowingisnearest/closestinmeaningto"..."2.Theunderlinedword,means_______.3.Theunderlinedphrase,means_______.4.Theunderlinedsentence,means_______.二、真题演练（一）典型例题例1、T-shirtsout;uniformsinSchooluniformsarebecomingmoreandmorepopularacrosstheU.S.A.That'snosurprise,becausetheyoffermanybenefits.Theyimmediatelyendthepowerfulsocialsortingandlabeling(标记)thatcomefromclothing.Ifallstudentsaredressedinthesameway,theywillnotpaytoomuchattentiontotheirclothing,andsomeofthemwillnotbelaughedatforwearingthe"wrong”clothes.Somepeopleareagainstthestrictruleofschooluniforms,buttheydonotrealizethatstudentsalreadyacceptakindofrule--wantingtolookjustliketheirfriends.Thedifferenceisthattheclothingstudentschooseforthemselvescreatessocialbarriers;schooluniformstearthosebarriersdown.InParagraph1,theword"benefits"probablymeans________.A.tasksB.messagesC.differencesD.advantages变式练习Wildlifebelongstoeveryoneandnottothegunnersalone.Althoughmostpeopledonotshoot,theyseemtoforgiveshootingforsportbecausetheyknowlittleornothingaboutit.Theonlyanswer,then,istobringthetruthaboutsportshootingtothegreatmajorityofpeople.Now,itistimetorealizethatanimalshavethesamerighttolifeaswedoandthatthereisnothingfairorrightaboutapersonwithagunshootingtheharmlessandbeautifulcreatures.Thegunnersliketodescribewhattheydoascharacter-building,butweknowthattowoundananimalandwatchitgothroughtheagonyofdyingcanmakenobodyhappy.If,astheywouldhaveyoubelieve,gun-carryingandkillingimprovehumancharacter,thenperhapsweshouldencouragewar.Theunderlinedword"agony"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.A.formB.conditionC.painD.sadness（二）课堂练习10:OOPMScience/HeathIsitpossibletobeathighbloodpressurewithoutdrugsTheansweris"yes".AccordingtotheresearchersatJohnsHopkinsandthreeothermedicalcenters.Afterastudyof800personswithhighbloodpressure,theyfoundthatafter6monthsthosedevotedtoweightloss-exerciseandeatingalow-salt,low-fatfood---lostabout13poundsandbecamefitter.Plus,35%ofthemdroppedintothe"normal"category(范畴).Thisweek,Dr.AlanDuckworthwilltellyouhowthesepeoplereducetheirbloodpressuretoalevelsimilartowhat'sachievedwithHypertensiondrugs.InScience/Health,"JohnsHopkins"is________.A.afamousuniversityB.amedicalcenterC.awell-knowndoctorD.adrugcompany三、方法点拨1.根据定义猜测词义通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组等来确定词义.①直接定义：如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。1)Inslangthetermjamconstitutesastateofbeinginwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.定义句的谓语动词多为：be,mean,dealwith,beconsidered,tobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define,represent等。②同位语：构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or,similarly,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orrather等副词或短语出现。2)WilliamShakespearesaid,“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn(纱线),goodandilltogether.”Theunderlinedword“mingled”intheparagraphmostprobablymeans“______”．A.simpleB.mixedC.sadD.happy3)Maryfeltperturbed,thatis,shewasgreatlydisturbedbyhersister'saction.4)Therearetwotypesoffat,externalfat(fatunderskin)andinternalfat(fatinsidethebodywall)．③定语从句：定语从句有时起着解释和说明的作用，据此我们可以推断出所修饰词的含义。5)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.6)Perhapsthedaysaregonewhenwemightlistenquietlytoastoryontheradio,lettingimaginationtakeusintoanotherworld.Whatdoes“thedays”inParagraph3refertoImaginarylife.B.Simplelifeinthepast.C.Timesofinventions.D.Timeforconstantactivity.2.根据逻辑关系猜测词义①根据对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有时对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词来猜测其词义。英语中表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike,not,but,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrast,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand和while引导的并列句等。7)AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.②根据类比关系猜测词义表示类比关系的词和短语主要有similarly,like,justas,also,aswell等。8)Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.③根据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。9)Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.④根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境推断生词词义。10)Althoughheoftenhadtheopportunity,Mr.Trittwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldhaveendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.3.根据上下文及生活常识猜测词义①我们可以根据上下文与生词密切相关的句子，对生词进行合情合理同时合乎上下文语境的推测。我们也可以根据生词后举出的有关例子进行适当归纳，猜测生词的词义。11)Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.12)Karen,grownupinaverytraditionalfamilyinthewesternUnitedStates,maintainedhighmoral(道德的)standardsthroughoutheryouth.In1984,attheageof23,shemarriedBill.Theywereblessedwithtwochildren,aboyandagirl.Theunderlinedpartinthepassagemostprobablymeans“______”.A.wereluckyinhavingB.wereaskedtoadoptC.regrettedhavingD.gavebirthto13)Thesnakeslitheredthroughthegrass.14)…ButsometimesIjustfeelloathtotalktothesepeople.Sometimes,Ijustwanttobealone,quietly,withoutbeingforcedtolistentotheirgossiporotheruselesswords.Theunderlinedword“loath”inthisparagraphhastheclosestmeaningto______.A.unwillingB.eagerC.pleasedD.hurt4.根据构词法来猜测词义英语单词的构成方法主要有三种，即复合法、派生法和转化法。英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)、词尾(后缀)所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前头或后头加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头、词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易地猜测所构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super(超)inter(在……之间)able(能……的)mini(极少的，微型的)micro(极微小的)re(再，反复)sub(分支的，底下)co(共同)post(后)pre(前)trans(超越；转换)wards(向)some(易于……的)mis(误；恶)un(不；非)in(不；非)im(不；非)dis(不)non(不；非)less(不；无)anti(反；防)sino(中国)scope(景)hood(状态；性质；时期)proof(防……的；……不能穿透的)ship(身份；资格；权力；性质)under(在……之下；低于……；不足)ish(如……的；有点儿……的)15)Hefellintoaditchandlaythere,semiconscious,forafewminutes.16)Sharksareamongthefewanimalsintheworldthatalmostnevergetcancerandeyecataracts.Understandingwhycanhelpusimprovehumanhealth.Chemicalsextractedfromsharkcartilagehavekilledcanceroustumorsinlaboratoryanimals,aresearchthatsomedaycouldhelpprolongyourlife.Theunderlinedword“prolong”intheparagraphmeans______.A.saveB.protectC.lengthenD.improve17)Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotbringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thatover-consumption”refertoA.Usingtoomuchpackaging.B.Recyclingtoomanywastes.C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.四、模拟实战AMillionsofaircrafttakeoffaroundtheworldeveryyear.Theskiestheyflyinseemlimitless--milesofemptyspace.But,withthenumberofflightsincreasingeachyear,thisemptinessnolongerexists.Researchersintheworldofaviation(航空)areworriedabouttheincreasingpressureonpilotsandgroundcontrollers.Andincreasingcollisions,occurringatornearanairport,havecalledattentiontotheneedformoreaids(辅助设备)toaviationcontrol.Peoplewhotraveltheskiesarenotcertainaboutairsafety.Agreatdealofmoneyisspentonnewandbiggeraircraftandairportstodealwiththevastincreaseinpassengerstravellingbyair.Onlyasmallpercentageofthismoneyisspentonnavigation(导航)andotheraids.Actually,suitableelectronicequipmenthaslongexisted,andmanycompaniesmarketsafetyaidsdesignedtomakeitsaferforaircrafttotakeoff,flyanydistance,anyland,whatevertheweather.Yet,therearetwoproblemstobesolved.Thefirstistogetgovernments,airlinesandairportofficialstoagreetobasiclevelsofsafetyaids.Thesecondproblemistofindawayofmeetingthesebasicrequirements.Theunderlinedword"collisions"probablymeansA.accidentsinwhichtwoplaneshiteachotherB.misunderstandingsbetweenpilotsandgroundcontrollersC.quarrelsamongpassengersD.breakdownsofnewtypesofinstrumentBHaikou:AsharkwaskilledafterbeingdraggedtoshoreatYa-longBerthbeachinSanya,SouthChina'sHainanProvinceItwasthefirsttimeasharkhadbeencaughtinthebeacharea,apopulartouristsiteinHainan.Localfishermensaidtheycaughtthe3-meter-long,1-tonsharkbychancewhentheywerefishinginseawater1,000metersdeepnearthebeach.Policetemporarily(暂时的)protectedthesharkwhileoceanographersdecidedwhetheritwasaspeciesbelongingtoStateprotection.FishermenlaterkilledandsoldthesharkafteroceanographersconfirmedthatitwasawhalesharkandthereforenotunderStateprotection.ThesharkwasbelievedtohavedriftedintotheareafromthedeepseaduetostrongwavescausedlastweekbyTyphoonImbudo.Ithadnoopeninjuriesbutexpertssaidtheybelieveditsufferedfrominternal(内部的)bleeding.LocalpoliceofficerFuChenggengsaidbeachgoersshouldnotfeelthreatenedbysharksbecausethefishneverattackhumanbeingsontheirowninitiative.FusaidhehadneverheardofanysharkattacksattheSanyabeachsincehefirststartedworkthereeightyearsago.However,policesaidtheywillimprovethesecuritysystemtosafeguardtourists'safetyonth