初中英语句子结构讲解及练习题 教案

初中英语句子结构讲解及练习题教案初中英语句子结构讲解及练习题教案初中英语句子结构讲解及练习题教案V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考初中英语句子结构讲解及练习题教案日期：20xx年X月纽威教育6T教材系列第二十一讲句子结构时间：2014年月日李老师学生姓名一、兴趣导入 pullone'sleg开玩笑(不是“拉后腿”)eatone'swords收回前言(不是“吃话”)anappleoflove西红柿(不是“爱情之果”)handwritingonthewall不祥之兆(不是“大字报”)bringdownthehouse博得全场喝彩(不是“推倒房子”)（编辑：）thinkagreatdealofoneself高看或看重自己(不是“为自己想得很多”)pullupone'ssocks鼓起勇气(不是“提上袜子”)二、学前测试用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、方法培养组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语和同位语，其中主语、谓语、和宾语是句子的主要成分，其余的均为次要成分。主语主语是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。eq\o\ac(○,1)名词或名词短语作主语Weatherinourcoastalcityisniceandcoolinsummer.夏季我们沿海城市的天气舒适、凉爽。eq\o\ac(○,2)代词作主语Hetoldajokebutitfellflat.他说了个笑话，但没引人发笑。eq\o\ac(○,3)数词作主语Threeisenoughforeachofus.三个对于我们每个人来说就足够了。eq\o\ac(○,4)动词不定式或不定式短语作主语TobecomeaplayerlikeYaoMingismywish.成为像姚明一样的运动员是我的心愿。eq\o\ac(○,5)名词化形容词和名词化分词作主语Towoundedshouldbesenttohospitalatonce.受伤人员应立即送往医院。eq\o\ac(○,6)动词的—ing形式作主语Takingawalkaftersupperisgoodforourhealth.晚饭后散步对我们的健康有好处。eq\o\ac(○,7)从句作主语作主语的从句称为主语从句，可由that,whether,wh—词等引导。Wheneveryouarereadywillbefine.你无论什么时候准备好都行。谓语说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：Ifeltcold.我感觉冷。（系动词+表语）HowcanIgettotheGreatWall我怎样能到达长城（情态动词+实义动词）宾语宾语是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如：Theyareteachers.他们是老师。（名词）Weenjoyplayingfootball.我们喜欢踢足球。（动名词）定语用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：Sheisachemistryteacher.她是一个化学老师。（名词）Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事情要告诉你。（形容词）状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。副词修饰动词时应放于动词之后。如：Thestudentsstudyhard.这些学生学习努力。（副词）Wewerehavingdinnerwhenthetelephonerang.电话铃响时我们正在吃晚饭。（从句）表语用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be,look,get,sound(听起来)，feel,become,smell,turn等。如：eq\o\ac(○,1)名词作表语Sheisanordinaryteacher.她是一个普通的老师。eq\o\ac(○,2)代词作表语Youaremany,buttheyarefew.你们人多，但他们人少。eq\o\ac(○,3)数词作表语Hewasthefirsttoleavebutthelasttoarrive.他是第一个走的，却是最后一个到的。eq\o\ac(○,4)形容词作表语Thedishtastesdelicious.这道菜常起来很好吃。eq\o\ac(○,5)动词的-ing形式和-ed形式作表语Iamquitesurprisedtoseeyouhere.在这里见到你我感到非常惊讶。eq\o\ac(○,6)介词短语作表语Wewereattablewhenyoucalled.你来电话时我们正在吃饭。eq\o\ac(○,7)动词不定式或短语作表语Myjobistolookafterthebaby.我的工作就是照顾这个婴儿。eq\o\ac(○,8)副词及其短语作表语Heisoutofhome.他不在家。宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的情况，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell告诉，let让，help帮助，teach教，ask问，see看见，have让，order命令，make使，等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.医生告诉我多做练习。（不定式短语）I’llhavemycarrepaired.我要让人修车。（过去分词）同位语一个名词（或其他形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其他形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。eq\o\ac(○,1)由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指相同，句型性能也相同，后项是前项的同位语。Mr.Wang,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.我们的新老师—王先生对我们很好。eq\o\ac(○,2)如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开；如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。HetoldmethathisuncleJohnisaworld-famousdoctor.他对我讲，他的叔叔约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。Hehasreadallkindsofbooks,ancientandmodern,Chineseandforeign.他看了各种各样的书，古今中外都有。eq\o\ac(○,3)同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。WeChinesepeoplearebraveandhard-working.我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。Amyisinterestedinsports,especiallyballgames.艾米喜欢运动，特别是球类运动。四、强化练习(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分，4分钟)①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词(10分，10分钟)①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.

A.don't

B.like

C.picture

D.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.

A.get

B.longer

C.days

D.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

A.Do

B.usually

C.go

D.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.

A.willbe

B.meeting

C.thelibrary

D.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.Did

B.twins

C.have

D.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.

A.Tom

B.didn't

C.do

D.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.

A.want

B.totell

C.you

D.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.

A.We

B.had

C.send

D.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.

A.is

B.interested

C.in

D.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.give

B.did

C.whom

D.book五、训练辅导改错1.Iliveinthecountryandmyfatherwasafarmer. 1.__________Heisnowforty-fiveyearold.Becauseofyearsof 2.__________hardwork,helooksoldthanhisage.WhenIwas3.__________young,heusedtotellmetheimportancestudy.4.__________FatherknowslittleaboutEnglishbutothersubjects，5.__________butheusuallygivesmesomegoodadvicesonhow6.__________tolearnmylessonsgood.Heisnotonlykindtome7.__________butalsoverystrictinme.Withhishelp,I’vemade8.__________greatprogress.I’llnevertoforgetwhathetaught9.__________me.Ithinkmyfatherisbestfatherintheworld.10._________完形填空1Differentthingsusuallystandfordifferentfeelings.Red,forexample,isthecoloroffire,heat,bloodandlife.Peoplesayredisanexcitingandactivecolor.Theyassociate（使发生联系）redwithastrongfeelinglike1.Redisusedforsignsof2,suchasSTOPsignsandfireengines.Orangeisthebright,warmcolorof3inautumn.Peoplesayorangeisa4color.Theyassociateorangewithhappiness.Yellowisthecolorof__5__.Peoplesayitisacheerfulcolor.Theyassociateyellowtoo,withhappiness.Greenisthecoolcolorofgrassin__6__.Peoplesayitisarefreshingcolor.Ingeneral,people__7__twogroupsofcolors:warmcolorsandcoolcolors.Thewarmcolorsarered,orangeand__8__.Wheretherearewarmcolorandalotoflight,peopleusuallywanttobe__9__.Thosewholiketobewith__10_likered.Thecoolcolorsare__11_andblue.Wherearethesecolors,peopleareusuallyworried.Somescientistssaythattimeseemsto__12_moreslowlyinaroomwithwarmcolors.Theysuggestthatawarmcolorisagood__13_foralivingroomora__14_.Peoplewhoarehavingarestorareeatingdonotwanttimetopassquickly.__151.A.sadness B.anger C.administration D.smile2.A.roads B.ways C.danger D.places3.A.land B.leaves C.grass D.mountains4.A.lively B.dark C.noisy D.frightening5.A.moonlight B.light C.sunlight D.stars6.A.summer B.spring C.autumn D.winter7.A.speak B.say C.talkabout D.tell8.A.green B.yellow C.white D.gray9.A.calm B.sleepy C.active D.helpful10.A.theother B.another C.otherone D.others11.A.black B.green C.golden D.yellow12.A.goround B.goby C.gooff D.goalong13.A.one B.w