2022年考研考博-考博英语-广西大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号33

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-广西大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Comewhat（）,we'renotgoingtomakeanyconcessiontohisunreasonabledemands.

问题1选项

A.must

B.should

C.may

D.can

【答案】C

【解析】句意:不管怎样，我们不会对他的无理要求作出任何让步

考查固定搭配。Comewhatmay不管三七二十一，不管怎样。

2.填空题

Voiceofforeigners,JoyinJiangsuEastchina'sJiangsuprovinceisinvitingforeigners（1）intheprovincetosharetheirstoriesaboutlifeinChina（2）theannual"SharedJoyinJiangsu"Chinese（3）ContestforForeignersgetsunderway.

ThecontesthasthefullsupportoftheJiangsuprovincialgovernment,theJiangsuProvincialDepartmentofEducationandtheJiangsuBroadcastingCorporation.

Themed“HappyJiangsu,HappyChinese’’，thecontestencouragesforeignfriendstospeakonvarioustopics,suchasMyJiangsuStoryandMyChinaDream,toshowtheirlove（4）Chinaanditsculture,anddemonstratetheappealof（5）easternandwesterncultures.

Thefirststageofthecontest-anonlineauditionstartingfromMarchtoApril25invitesinterestedforeignerstoregisterwithamobilevideooftwotothreeminutesinChinese,introducingthemselvesandtheirChineseconnections.

Theentrantswillbeselected（6）theirvideos,andjudgeswillalsoconductphone（7）withthemforfurtherconsideration

The60chosencontestantsannouncedonMayIwillhaveplentyoftimetopreparetheirspeechesastheeliminationstagewillbeheldintheprovince'ssouthern,centralandnorthernparts,（8）byWuxi,NanjingandXuzhourespectively,fromMay20toearlyJune.

Thefinalswillbefilmedinmid-JuneatthegrandtheaterofJiangsuBroadcastingCorporationWinnerswillbeawardedprizesandcertificatesfortheirachievements,andhavethechancetodelvemoreintoJiangsuculturebytakingpartintheseriesofactivities"JiangsuthroughForeignersEyes”.

（9）foreignerscansignupattheofficialwebsiteofhttp://20633/2017speech,viatheofficialWeChataccountat"tongleJS",orbyemailtojswx@.Universitystudentscanalsoregisterattheirschools'internationaleducationcolleges.

The"SharedJoyinJiangsu"ChineseSpeakingContestforForeignershasbeensuccessfullycarriedoutforfouryears.Aspartofthe"SharedJoyinJiangsu"serieswhichalso（10）talentshows,musicfestivalsandculturaltrips,ithelpspromotetheprovince'sdiversificationandinternationalization.

【答案】1.living

2.as

3.speech

4.for

5.integrating

6.from

7.interviews

8.represented

9.Interested

10.features

【解析】1.此处是动词live的分词做后置定语修饰foreigners，表示“居住在这个省的外国人”,而逻辑主语foreigners与live之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词。

2.as符合句意，表示“当…时，因为，由于”。

3.此处表示“汉语演讲比赛”。

4.此处表示“对中国的热爱”，因此用for。

5.此处表示:展示东西方文化…的魅力。因此填integrating比较合适，表示“融合”。

6.分析句子结构可知，此处应填入介词。这里表示:这些参加者将通过录像来选择，因此from比较合适。

7.该处表示:评委还将与他们进行电话…，以便进一步考虑。因此填入interviews，表示“面试”。

8.该处句意为:被选中的60名选手分别在江苏省的南部、中部和北部举行演讲比赛，分别…无锡，南京等。因此填入represented表示“代表”。

9.此处可以填入一个形容词修饰“外国人”，根据句意可知，可填入interested表示“感兴趣的”。

10.空格在定语从句中，而且该从句缺少谓语动词。根据句意可知，features适合填入空格表示“以…为特色”。

3.单选题

（）tosomebody,aBritishpersonoftenshakeshandswiththestranger.

问题1选项

A.Introducing

B.Tointroduce

C.Tobeintroduced

D.Onbeingintroduced

【答案】D

【解析】句意:当英国人在被介绍给别人的时候，经常喜欢和陌生人握手。

4.单选题

Onaverage,Americankidsages3to13spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children'sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.

"Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危机)thataffectstheirparents,"saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren'stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand"malebreadwinner"householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.)

Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids."Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,"saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsages3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit.

Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing"freetime"watchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey'respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren'treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let'sfaceit,who'sgotthetime?

1.Bymentioning"thesametimecrunch"(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif（）.

4.TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids（）.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents

B.childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents

C.bothparentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime

D.bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime

问题2选项

A.quiteconvincing

B.partiallytrue

C.ratherconfusing

D.totallygroundless

问题3选项

A.hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying

B.heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

C.hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities

D.heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents

问题4选项

A.areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities

B.areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers

C.arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV

D.areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork

问题5选项

A.extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren'sintelligence

B.mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff

C.effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful

D.mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildren

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题干意为:SandraHofferth所说的“thesametimecrunch”是什么意思？根据题干定位至第二段第一句:Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch（危机）thataffectstheirparents(时间危机影响孩子，同样也影响父母)。该句上段主题是：孩子们的休闲时间从40%降到了25%。该句的后文主题是：更多母亲在外工作，即与孩子相处的休闲时间也减少了。因此，两者都面临的时间危机就是C项“父母和孩子都缺乏休闲时间”。

2.判断推理题。题干意为:在作者看来，关于时间危机，SandraHofferth所给的原因…。根据题干关键词SandraHofferth定位至第二段:moremothersareworkingoutsidethehome(更多的母亲在外工作)。后面括号内应该是作者的看法:Nevertheless，childreninbothdouble-incomeand"malebreadwinner"householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers(然而，孩子与父母相处的时间分别是：双亲同时工作的为19小时，父亲一人工作的为22小时，而单身母亲家庭只有9小时)。因此可知，作者不完全支持SandraHofferth的说法。一方面，单身母亲和双亲工作的家庭，与孩子相处的时间少于父亲一人工作的家庭，即，作者大体同意SandraHofferth的说法。另一方面，作者认为需要根据不同家庭结构来分析此问题。因此，作者认为SandraHofferth所给的原因是“部分正确”

3.判断推理题。题干意为:在作者看来，一个孩子在什么情况下会更好地成长？第三段指出了作者认为的玩耍对孩子成长的好处:Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers...(自由玩耍能鼓励独立思考，让孩子们与他们的同伴协商他们的关系……)。因此B项“如果让他和同伴们自由玩耍”正确。

4.判断推理题。题干意为:作者所关心的事实是美国孩子…。A:参加有组织的活动越来越多。第三段最后一句指出:butkidsages3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit(但是，3—12岁的孩子一周只花了12小时自由玩耍)。由此可见作者认为孩子自由玩耍的时间越来越少。所以A项所述作者会比较关心。B:上班母亲越来越忽视孩子。第二段谈及母亲上班有影响到孩子的休闲时间，但并不能推测出B项所述，因此排除B项。C:用来看电视的时间越来越多。第四段的确指出:Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing"freetime"watchingtelevision(调查的孩子的休闲时间迅速减少，但是他们花其中四分之一的时间来看电视)，但并不能推测出C项所述，因此排除C项。D:做的家务劳动越来越少。第一段指出:Theyalsodidmorehouseholdwork(做的家务劳动越来越少)，由此可知，D项所述错误。因此本题选A。

5.判断推理题。题干意为:从文章中，我们能推断出什么?A:课外活动促进儿童智力发展。文章并未有所体现。B:如果关掉电视机，多数孩子会去读书。最后一段指出:Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading(然而，如果他们花更少的时间看电视，孩子们不会以阅读来取代看电视)。因此B项错误。C:培养孩子们的读书兴趣的努力已经颇有成效。文章最后指出:Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading(尽管人们付出努力来培养孩子的读书兴趣，但孩子们一周仅有一个多小时用来读书)。因此C项错误。本题用排除法，可得出答案为D选项“大多数父母认为阅读对孩子有益”。

5.单选题

Youcancomfortyourselfwiththethoughtthatyouarenottheonlyone（）inthatway.

问题1选项

A.tobesuffered

B.tohavesuffered

C.whowassuffered

D.ofthosesuffered

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你可以这样安慰你自己，你要想你不是唯一遭遇如此的人。

语法题。考查不定式。suffer“遭受”，通常使用主动语态，因此排除A跟C项。分析句子可知，空格处应该填入从句，修饰one,故排除D项。此题应该选B项。tohavesuffered表示不定式作后置定语修饰one。

6.单选题

Maryonce（）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

问题1选项

A.merged

B.collaborated

C.coincided

D.constituted

【答案】B

【解析】句意:玛丽曾经和另一个音乐家共同创作了一首流行曲。

考查动词辨析。merge结合，融入；collaborate合作，协作；coincide符合，一致;constitute构成，组成。因此B项符合句意。

7.单选题

Yearsaftertheaccidenthewasstill（）byimagesofdeathanddestruction.

问题1选项

A.twisted

B.dipped

C.haunted

D.submerged

【答案】C

【解析】句意:事故过去好多年后，他的脑中仍萦绕着死亡和毁灭的画面。

考查动词辨析。twist扭曲，扭动；dip浸，蘸；haunt萦绕；submerge淹没，沉入水中。因此C符合句意。

8.单选题

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey（）toviolenceinordertoescape.

问题1选项

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一般来说，动物只有在落入圈套时，为了逃命才会采取暴力行为。

考查动词辨析。proceed继续前进，开始；appeal恳求，呼吁；resort诉诸，凭借某些手段，通常与介词to搭配；incline倾向于。因此无论从搭配还是从语义上来说，C项正确。

9.单选题

—Doyouregretpaying500dollarsforyournecklace?

—No.Iwouldgladlypay（）forit.

问题1选项

A.twotimesasmuch

B.twiceasmany

C.twiceasmuch

D.astwiceasmuch

【答案】C

【解析】句意:你后悔花500美元买这条项链吗？不！即使价格再贵一倍，我也会愿意买。

语法题。考查倍数。倍数比较的表达为:倍数+as+形容词+as。“两倍”应该用“twice”。句中的比较级是修饰“钱”,因此形容词应该用“much”。

10.单选题

—Youdon'tlooksowell,Mary.What’sthematterwithyou?

—Why?（）.

问题1选项

A.I'mquitemyself

B.Fine,thinkyou

C.Ifeltbad

D.I'mnotmyself

【答案】A

【解析】句意:——玛丽，你看起来不太好。你怎么了？

——怎么会这么问？我自己觉得挺好的啊！

语义题。对话中的“why”是表示不同意的语气词。因此，回答者是对提问者的反驳，即I'mquitemyself意为“自我感觉良好”符合句意。因此选A。

11.单选题

Coffeeisthe（）ofthisdistrictandbringslocalfarmersalotofmoney.

问题1选项

A.majority

B.staple

C.spice

D.elite

【答案】B

【解析】句意:咖啡是这个地区的主要产品，给当地农民带来很多收入。

考查名词辨析。majority大部分，大多数；staple主要产品，订书钉，主食；spice香料，调味品，风味；elite上层人士，掌权人物，精英。故B项符合句意。

12.单选题

ThescientistshaveWadea（）studyofthevirusesthatcausethedisease.

问题1选项

A.exhausted

B.exhausting

C.exhaustive

D.exhaustion

【答案】C

【解析】句意:科学家已经对产生疾病的病菌做了详尽的研究。

考查形近词辨析。exhausted筋疲力尽的，耗尽的；exhausting使人疲惫不堪的；exhaustive详尽的，彻底的，全面的；exhaustion筋疲力尽，耗尽。因此C项正确。

13.单选题

Isecondhismotionthatwe（）aspecialboardtoexaminetheproblem.

问题1选项

A.shallsetup

B.setup

C.wouldsetlip

D.sets

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我赞成他的提议，我们成立一个特别委员会来审查这个问题。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。在motion(提议，议案)这类表示建议劝告等的从句中，动词应该用虚拟语气，即should+原形，should可省略，因此B正确。

14.单选题

Don't（）thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.

问题1选项

A.relieve

B.relate

C.release

D.retain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在我们通知你之前不要向公众发布这个消息。

考查动词辨析。Relieve解除，减轻，缓和；relate联系，使有联系；release释放，放出；retain保持，持有，保留。因此C符合句意。

15.单选题

（）inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.

问题1选项

A.Losing

B.Havinglost

C.Lost

D.To

【答案】C

【解析】句意:陷入沉思后，他几乎撞到前面的那辆车了。

语法题。考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知,空格处应为一个非谓语动词。“陷入沉思’’为“sb.belostinthought”，即非谓语动词省略“主语和be动词”,此处是动词lose的过去分词形式做伴随状语。答案选C。

16.单选题

Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute（）.

问题1选项

A.beingsettled

B.tobesettled

C.hadsettled

D.assettled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:经过几次谈话，双方都认为这个领土纷争已经解决了。

考查固定搭配。regardsth.asdone将某事看做已经完成了的事。因此选D项。

17.单选题

He（）thathewasanaccompliceintherobberyhappened15yearsago.

问题1选项

A.knowledge

B.admitted

C.confessed

D.granted

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他坦白，15年前发生的一起抢劫案，他是共犯。

考查动词辨析。knowledge承认（属实）；鸣谢；admit（常指勉强）承认原来企图否认或推诿的事情；confess侧重指供认、坦白或承认自己过错；grant（尤指正式地或法律上）同意；向某人承认某种情况是事实。因此C项符合句意。

18.单选题

TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,（）isoftenthecaseinothercountries.

问题1选项

A.as

B.what

C.so

D.thatTherearefewelectronic

【答案】A

【解析】句意:英国人对于不同的文化和其他的行为方式不是很熟悉，在其他国家情况也是如此。

语法题。考查定语从句。逗号后面部分“isoftenthecaseinothercountries”结构不完整，缺少主语。因此该处应该是非限制性定语从句。因此A项正确，构成表达“asisoftenthecase(是常有的情形)”。

19.单选题

Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersissky-rocketing.That'spartlybecauselabsarebigger,problemsaremorecomplicated,andmoredifferentsubspecialtiesareneeded.Butit'salsobecauseU.S.governmentagencieshavestartedtopromote"teamscience".Asphysicsdevelopedinthepost-worldWarIera,federalfundsbuiltexpensivenationalfacilities,andtheseservedassurfacesonwhichcollaborationscouldcrystallizenaturally.

Yetmultipleauthorship-howevergooditmaybeinotherways-presentsproblemsforjournalsandfortheinstitutionsinwhichtheseauthorswork.Forthejournals,longlistsofauthorarehardtodealwithinthemselves.Butthoselonglistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestionswhensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper.Ifthereisresearchmisconduct,howshouldtheliabilitybeallocatedamongtheauthors?Ifthereisanhonestmistakeinonepartoftheworkbutnotinothers,howshouldanevaluatoraimhisorherreview?

Variouspracticalorimpracticalsuggestionshaveemergedduringthelong-standingdebateonthisissue.Oneisthateachauthorshouldprovide,andthejournalshouldthenpublish,anaccountofthatauthor'sparticularcontributiontothework.Butadifferentviewoftheproblem,andperhapsofthesolution,comesaswegettouniversitycommitteeonappointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreallymeetstheroad.Halfalifetimeofinvolvementwiththisprocesshastaughtmehowmuchauthorshipmatters.Ihavewatchedcommitteesattemptingtodecodesequencesofnames,agonizeoverwhetheramuch-citedpaperwasreallythecandidate'sworkoracoauthors,andsendbackrecommendationsaskingformorespecificityaboutthedivisionofresponsibility.

Problemsofthiskindchangetheargument,supportingthecaseforaskingauthorstodefinetheirownroles.Afterall,ifqualityjudgmentsaboutindividualsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonalcontributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestionsariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschallengestoitsconductorasevaluationsofitsinfluenceinthefield,ateamisateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thereisatendencythatscientificpapers（）.

2.Oneoftheproblemswithmultipleauthorshipisthatitishard（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,authorshipisimportantwhen（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whethermultipleauthorsofapapershouldbetakencollectivelyor

individuallydepends（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe（）.

问题1选项

A.aregettingmorecomplicated

B.aredealingwithbiggerproblems

C.aremoreofaproductofteamwork

D.arefocusingmoreonnaturalthanonsocialsciences

问题2选项

A.toallocatetheresponsibilityifthepapergoeswrong

B.todecideonhowmuchcontributioneachreviewerhasmade

C.toassigntherolesthatthedifferentauthorsaretoplay

D.tocorrespondwiththeauthorswhenthereadersfeeltheneedto

问题3选项

A.practicalorimpracticalsuggestionsoftheauthorsareconsidered

B.appointmentsandpromotionsoftheauthorsareinvolved

C.evaluatorsneedtoreviewthepublicationoftheauthors

D.thepublicationoftheauthorshasbecomemuch-cited

问题4选项

A.whetherjudgmentsaremadeaboutthepaperoritsauthors

B.whetheritisthecreditortheblamethattheauthorsneedtoshare

C.howmanyauthorsareinvolvedinthepaper

D.wherethepaperhasbeenpublished

问题5选项

A.WritingScientificPapers:PublishorPerish

B.CollaborationandResponsibilityinWritingScientificPapers

C.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofTeamScience

D.MultipleAuthors,MultipleProblems

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一句指出了趋势:Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersissky-rocketing(科学论文上发表论文的作者的平均数量急剧上升)。后面又指出:Butit'salsobecauseU.S.governmentagencieshavestartedtopromoteteamscience’(但是，这也是因为美国政府机构已经开始推动‘团队科学’)。由此可知，C项“更多的是团队合作的产物”正确。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Butthoselonglistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestionswhensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper(但是，当论文出现问题的时候，这些长名单会导致更严重的问题)。由此可知，多个作者共同执笔，很难找出负责人，故选A项。

3.细节事实题。第三段指出:...aswegettouniversitycommitteeonappointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreallymeetstheroad(当涉及作者的任命和晋升时，著作权就发挥作用了)，因此B项“涉及作者的任命和晋升”正确。

4.判断推理题。最后一段给出了答案:Afterall,ifqualityjudgmentsaboutindividualsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonalcontributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestionsariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschallengestoitsconductorasevaluationsofitsinfluenceinthefield,ateamisateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame(毕竟，如果要根据个人的贡献对个人做出高质量的判断，那么法官们就能更清楚知道他们做了什么。但是，如果对整个工作的有效性产生疑问，无论是作为对其行为的挑战，还是作为对其在该领域影响的评估，一个团队就是一个团队，成员们应该共同承担责任)，因此A项“评判是针对论文本身还是其作者”正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章开头提出现象:科学论文上发表论文的作者的平均数量急剧上升，然后指出此现象带来的社会问题，最后提供了解决办法。因此，D项“多个作者，多个问题”最适合做文章标题。

20.单选题

Memberstateshadtheopinionto（）fromthisagreementswithoneyear'snotice.

问题1选项

A.deny

B.object

C.suspect

D.withdraw

【答案】D

【解析】句意:成员国有权在一年的观察期内退出该协议。

考查动词辨析。deny否定；object反对;suspect猜疑;withdraw撤回，不再给予，取钱。因此D符合句意。

21.单选题

HewaslookingadmiringlyatthephotographpublishedbyCollinsin（）withtheImperialMuseum.

问题1选项

A.combination

B.collaboration

C.connection

D.collection

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他在羡慕地看着由柯林斯与帝国博物馆合作出版的照片。

考查短语辨析。incombinationwith与…结合，联合；incollaborationwith与…合作；写作；inconnectionwith与…有关。没有incollectionwith的搭配。因此B项正确。

22.单选题

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologist(免疫学家)MarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshockstiog24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock

Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon’tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned(使形成条件反射)micetoavoidsaccharin(糖精)bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderreexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtoskillthem.

1.Laudenslager'sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnoffthe

electricity（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto（）.

33.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat（）.

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder'sexperiment

wasthat（）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals（）.

问题1选项

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

问题2选项

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

问题3选项

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystem

C.itledtostomachpains

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

问题4选项

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharin

B.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

问题5选项

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginfections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段倒数第二句指出:Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity(Laudenslager发现，无助老鼠（不能关掉电流的老鼠）的免疫功能被削弱至低于正常水平，但是，对于那些能切断电流的老鼠的免疫功能则不会受到影响)。因此B项“不受影响”正确。

2.细节事实题。第二段第三句指出:Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol(但是，如果动物有（老鼠）面对过控制不了的情况，那么，以后即使在自己能够控制的情况下，其反应也是消极的)，因此C项“在可控制的情况下，表现得消极”正确。

3.细节事实题。第三段指出:Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener(将糖精与胃疼关联后，老鼠很快学会避免糖精)。因此，选D项“他们与胃疼有关联”。

4.判断推理题。第三段举例是为了证明该段中心句，即:...howthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponse...(思想是如何改变/影响免疫系统)，故选C项“它们的免疫系统被其思想改变了”。

5.判断推理题。第三段中Ader的实验说明通过各种具体手段使动物形成某

种条件反射就能削弱其免疫功能。因此，A项“条件反射可能减弱免疫系统”正确。

23.单选题

Wehad（）wonderfultime（）theparty（）otherday.

问题1选项

A.a,on,the

B./,at,on

C.a,at,the

D./,on,/

【答案】C

【解析】句意:前几天，我在聚会上玩得很开心。

考查固定搭配。haveawonderfultime玩得开心。atparty在聚会上。theotherday前几天。

24.单选题

BarackObama'shealthreformsWHENBarackObamasignedasweepingsetofhealthreformsintolawonMarch23rd2010,heknewitwasahistoricmoment-andnotjustbecauseJoeBiden,thevice-president,whisperedintohisearthatitwasa"bigfuckingdeal".Hehadsuccessfullyriddenthewaveofpopularsupportthatbroughthimintoofficetodeliveruniversalhealthcoverage,afeatthateludedallhispredecessors.

Buttherealityofpoliticshasobstructedthatgranddream.RepublicanleadersinCongressaretryingtorepealthelawoutright.Severalfederaljudgeshaveruledthatoneofthecentralprovisionsofthenewreforms,an"individualmandate"requiringeveryonetopurchasecoverage,isunconstitutional.AndarecentpollbytheKaiserFamilyFoundation(KFF),anon-partisanoutfit,revealedthathostilitytothelawsamongpoliticallyvitalindependentshasshotupsharply.Oneyearon,howfaresMr.Obama'sproudestachievement?

Thechiefstrategyusedbytheadministrationtowinoverskepticsandtounderminelegalchallengesistopresentthenewlawsasanunstoppablejuggernaut.Forexample,whenKathleenSebelius,thesecretaryofhealthandhumanservices,spokeaboutthereformtotheSenateFinanceCommitteeonMarch16th,shepointedtoevidenceofan"enormousdifferenceithasmadeinthelivesofAmericans".

True,theadministrationhasrushedintoforceprovisionsaffectingconsumersdirectly,inaneffortwinpopularsupport.Forexample,someforbidinsurersfromdenyingcoveragetochildrenwithpre-existingconditions,orimposinglifetimepayoutcapsonanyone.Thenewlawsalsoalreadyrequireinsurerstocoverchildrenupto26ontheirparents'policies,whichwillbenefitsome1.2myoungpeople.Nearly48mpeopleonMedicare,thegovernmenthealthschemefortheelderly,aretogetfreepreventiveservicessuchascolonoscopiesandmammograms.In2010nearly4mofthemgot$250tax-freerebatestohelppayfordrugs.

Allthatseemsimpressive,buthere’stherub:manyAmericansdonotbelieveMrs.Sebelius.RoughlyhalfofthosepolledbyKF'FthoughtObamacarehadalreadybeenrepealedorwereunsureoffooting.Itremainsthelawoftheland.

Theadministrationisalsoforgingaheadwithlessvisibleaspectsofthenewlaws.By2014,whenthebulkofthereform’sprovisionskickin,statesarerequiredtohaveputregulatedinsuranceexchangesinplacesothatconsumerscanbuyplansthatmeetminimumstandardsforcoverage.Allwouldberequiredtobuyinsurance,butthelesswell-offwillgetsubsidies.Thefederalgovernmentisofferingtechnicalassistanceaswellasmoneytostatestonudgethemtowardsestablishingsuchmarket-places.Alas,inthistooMr.Obamahashitsnags.SomeRepublican-ledstates,firstamongthemAiaskaandFlorida,arerefusingtotakethemoney,whilemanyothersaredemandingtherules.Tothesurpriseofsome,Mr.ObamaannouncedatarecentmeetingofgovernorsattheWhiteHousethathesupportsaplan-firstproposedbyRonWyden,asparkyDemocraticsenator-togrant"innovationwaivers"startingin2014.Aslongasstatesmeetgeneralgoalsoncoveringmorepeopleandcurbingcosts,theywillbegivenflexibilityinhowtheysetuptheirlocalinsurancemarkets.

1.BarackObamaknewhissetofhealthreformswasatahistoricmomentbecauseof（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsareNotTrue?

3.KathleenSenelius,thesecretaryofhealthandhumanservices,has（）.

4.AccordingtothepollbyKFF,Obamacare（）.

5.AccordingtoObamacare,statescanbefreeinwaysofbuildinglocalinsurancemarketsifthey（）.

问题1选项

A.JoeBiden,thevice-president,thoughtthatitwasa"bigfuckingdeal".

B.hehimselfwaspopularlysupported.

C.itwasafeatthatsurpassedalltheotherpresidents.

D.itwasauniversallycoveredhealthreform

问题2选项

A.ThatgranddreamofObama'shealthreformhasbeenpoliticallyconstructed

B.RepublicanleadersinCongressdisagreedwithObama'shealthreform.

C.IndependentstookahostileattitudetowardsObama'shealthreform.

D.SeveralfederaljudgeshaveregardedObama’shealthreformunlawful.

问题3选项

A.beenstronglysupportedbytheinsurers.

B.greatlyimpressedbythehealthreform

C.deniedanenormousdifferencethehealthreformmadeinthelivesofAmericans

D.comeacrossarubinpromotingthehealthreform

问题4选项

A.lackedlegalrootingan