2022年考研考博-考博英语-四川师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号87

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-四川师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Einstein’stheoryofrelativityseemed______whenitwasfirstintroduced.

问题1选项

A.impressive

B.unaccountable

C.inconsistent

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项impressive“感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的”；B选项unaccountable“无责任的；莫名其妙的；不可理解的”；C选项inconsistent“不一致的；前后矛盾的”；D选项incredible“不能相信的，难以置信的；极好的，极大的”。句意：爱因斯坦的相对论刚被提出时似乎令人难以置信。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

InBritainpeople______morethanfourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.

问题1选项

A.swallow

B.dispose

C.consume

D.exhaust

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项swallow“忍受；吞没；吞下；咽下”；B选项dispose“安置，安排；使……倾向于做；使对……产生某种感觉；扔掉，清除；应付，处理；击败”；C选项consume“消耗，消费；使……着迷；挥霍；耗尽（多指资源、财力的消耗），毁灭；耗尽生命”；D选项exhaust“使筋疲力尽；耗尽（多指体力的耗尽）；彻底探讨；排出”。句意：在英国，人们每年要消耗400多万吨土豆。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects______inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore2000.

问题1选项

A.havebeenconducting

B.wasconducted

C.hadbeenconducted

D.beingconducted

【答案】C

【解析】考查语态和时态。本题主要考查过去完成时的被动语态。Experiments“实验”只能被人做，所以只能用被动语态，再根据时间线“before2000”可知动作完成在过去的过去，故用过去完成时。句意：早在2000年之前，美国和欧洲就已经开展了运动物体摄影的实验。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Hersondidn’tgetpaidverymuch,butmotherandsonmanagedtoget______.

问题1选项

A.over

B.off

C.by

D.down

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项getover“克服；恢复；熬过；原谅”；B选项getoff“动身；免于受罚；从……下来；脱下（衣服等）”；C选项getby“通过；（生活）过得去；过活；获得认可”；D选项getdown“下来；吞下；使沮丧”。句意：她的儿子挣的钱不多，但母子俩设法使生活过得去。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit,youoftengetvery______.

问题1选项

A.waxy

B.slippery

C.sticky

D.greasy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项waxy“蜡制的；像蜡的，质地光滑的，柔软的；蜡色的，苍白的；（非正式）生气的”；B选项slippery“滑的；狡猾的；不稳定的”；C选项sticky“黏的；黏性的”；D选项greasy“油腻的；含脂肪多的；谄媚的”。句意：如果你在车底下修理汽车，你通常会弄得满身油污。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Inasudden______ofanger,themantoreupeverythingwithinreach.

问题1选项

A.attack

B.burst

C.split

D.blast

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项attack“攻击；抨击；动手干”；B选项burst“爆炸；戳破；爆裂；（器官或血管）爆裂；装满；充满感情；突然爆发（某种感情）”；C选项split“分离；使分离；劈开；离开；分解”；D选项blast“爆炸；损害；使枯萎”。根据固定搭配inasuddenburstofanger“突然爆发的愤怒”可知句意为：那人勃然大怒，把伸手可及的一切东西都撕碎了。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Alltherows,alltheethicalproblemsandallthemoneyspentinpursuingthehumancodeforlifewillhavebeenwellworthitifitfulfilsevensomeofitsmedicalpromise.

Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgeneengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Andinbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects:thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.

Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanGenomeResearchinstitute.Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofyear.Inagoodyear,intimesgoneby,theremighthavebeentwoorthree.Lastyear,therehavebeen29discovered.

Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.ThemostextremesuggesteduseforthehumangenomedataiseditingtheDNAinheritancepasseddownfromonegenerationtothenext.Suchascenarioinvolvesidentifyinganabnormalgeneandthencorrectingitinthecellswhichareusedtopassgeneticinformationtooffspring.Nosubsequentgenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventiongenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.

Thereislittledoubtthattherevelationofhumangenomewillbenefithealthcareintheshortandlongterm.Butmanyofthetreatmentswillbeexpensiveandwilldonothingtoavoidthedamagecausedbyviralandbacterialdiseases.IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.ButDr.IanPurvissays,“Itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind—andweneverhaveinthepast.”

1.Bysayingthatthe“potentialprizescertainlyglitter”,theauthormeansthat______.

2.Thechiefpurposeofgeneengineeringisto______.

3.Fromthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraphwelearnthat______.

4.Theauthorwarnsthatintryingtoalterhumangenes,specialattentionshouldbepaidto______.

5.AccordingtoDr.Purvis,humanbeings______.

问题1选项

A.pursuingthehumancodeforlifecertainlyprovokesmuchdebate

B.geneengineeringfailstofulfilsomeofitsmedicalpromises

C.geneengineeringwillcertainlyprovetobeafruitfulresearch

D.potentialprizesforgeneresearchhaveactuallyprovedtobesmall

问题2选项

A.developdrugssuitedtoeachindividualwithfewersideeffects

B.preventfaultygenesfrompassingontothenextgeneration

C.developdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases

D.workoutthebesttherapyfortheterminallyill

问题3选项

A.actualworkongeneengineeringhasbeenunderway

B.gettingawaywithfaultygeneshasprovedtobeatoughtask

C.theprospectoffindingthenewtreatmentsseemsbright

D.researchershavebeguntocollectthehumangenomedata

问题4选项

A.ethicalproblemsinvolved

B.abnormalgenestobealtered

C.thecodeoflifetobesearchedfor

D.protectinghealthygenes

问题5选项

A.aremorearrogantthanwewereinthepast

B.willbeabletomonitorallailmentsinthenearfuture

C.understandourpastbetterthanwedoourfuture

D.maynotunderstandeverythingwediscovered

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgeneengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Andinbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects:thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.（潜在的奖励肯定是闪闪发光的。在遥远的将来，通过将遗传疾病一劳永逸地从基因库中剔除，也就是所谓的基因工程，就有可能防止遗传疾病。随着时间的推移，基因测试使人们能够选择合适的治疗方法和生活方式来战胜疾病。在这两者之间，还有更诱人的前景：数以千计的新药可以治疗以前无法治疗的疾病；为个人量身定制的药物，副作用少得多，能够替换有缺陷的基因，从源头上消除疾病。）”，由此可知题干中potentialprizescertainlyglitter的意思是真正的工程必将被证明是一项富有成效的研究，即它可以治疗遗传疾病，所以C选项“真正的工程必将被证明是一项富有成效的研究”符合题意。A选项“追寻人类的生命密码肯定会引发很多争论”；B选项“真正的工程没有履行一些医疗承诺”以及D选项“基因研究的潜在回报实际上被证明是很小的”文章都没有提及，因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgenuineengineering.（在遥远的将来，通过将遗传疾病一劳永逸地从基因库中剔除，也就是所谓的基因工程，就有可能防止遗传疾病。）”，由此可知基因工程的主要目的是防止有缺陷的基因遗传给下一代，B选项“防止有缺陷的基因传递给下一代”更符合题意。A选项“开发适合每个人的副作用更少的药物”；C选项“为以前无法治疗的疾病开发药物”；D选项“找出治疗绝症的最佳疗法”。因此B选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到第三段第一句话“Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanGenomeResearchinstitute.（但美国国家人类基因组研究所所长弗朗西斯•柯林斯博士表示，将碱基对数据转化为新疗法的黄金数据的工作已经开始。）”，再联系下文可知，基因工程正在实施中，因此A选项“基因工程的实际工作正在进行中”符合题意。B选项“摆脱有缺陷的基因被证明是一项艰巨的任务”和C选项“找到新疗法的前景似乎很光明”不能从该句子体现出；根据第三段以及第四段“Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofyear...Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.（我记录了一年中发现的与人类疾病有关的基因……私营公司也梳理了数据，寻找与糖尿病、哮喘、牛皮癣和偏头痛有关的基因。）”可知文章只提到弗朗西斯•柯林斯博士和私营公司在收集人类基因组数据，并没有提到研究人员，因此D选项“研究人员已经开始收集人类基因组数据”说法错误。因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段的最后一句话“However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.（然而，只有在处理了重大伦理保留意见和对可能出现的意外结果的安全担忧之后，才允许对生命守则进行这种不可逆转的干预。）”，由此可知在试图干预人类基因时应注意伦理以及安全问题，所以A选项“涉及的道德问题”符合题意。B选项“被改变的异常基因”；C选项“寻找生命的密码”；D选项“保护健康基因”均不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

5.细节事实题。根据珀维斯博士所说“Itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind—andweneverhaveinthepast.（可能在很长一段时间以后，但这是基于人类相当傲慢的观点，即它会理解我们发现的一切——而我们过去从未这样做过。）”可知人们需要在很长一段时间后，并且是基于很傲慢的观点才会理解他们的发现，所以D选项“可能并不理解我们发现的一切”符合题意。A选项“比过去更傲慢”曲解了文意；B选项“在不久的将来能检测到所有的疾病”出现在文章最后一段“IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.（有人认为，一个勇敢的新世界正在等待着我们，在这个世界里，所有的疾病都可以通过每天将口腔拭子插入浴室橱柜里的DNA读取器来监测。）”，此处只是说有些人认为、有意见认为，并没有绝对地说人类将来能监测到所有疾病，因此B选项错误；C选项“了解我们的过去胜过了解我们的将来”在珀维斯博士所说的话中没有体现。因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

Thisweektentopdesignerswill______theirautumncollectionsatthefashionfair.

问题1选项

A.enhance

B.lubricate

C.hustle

D.unveil

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项enhance“提高；加强；增加”；B选项lubricate“润滑；涂油；起润滑剂作用；使……润滑；给……加润滑油”；C选项hustle“推搡；强力将（某人往特定方向）赶；努力干；奋力前行；（粗暴地）取得；兜售；偷窃；拉客”；D选项unveil“使公之于众，揭开；揭幕；除去面纱；显露”。句意：本周，十位顶级设计师将在时装博览会上揭示他们的秋季作品集。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Ifyouwanttogetintothattunnel,youfirsthaveto______awayalltherocks.

问题1选项

A.haul

B.transfer

C.repel

D.dispose

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项haul“（用力）拖，拉；费力前进；强迫（某人）接受申斥；（用卡车）运；（帆船）突然改变航道”；B选项transfer“转让；转接；移交；转移（地方）；（使）换乘；转存，转录；调动（工作）；传染，传播；使（运动员）转队；把（钱）转到另一账户，机构上”；C选项repel“击退；抵制；使厌恶；使不愉快”；D选项dispose“处理；安排；决定；击败；杀死”。haulaway“搬运开；拖走；驶开；拽开”句意：如果你想进入隧道，你首先得把所有的岩石都拖走。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Hebelievedinconventionalbehaviorswhich______tothehigheststandards.

问题1选项

A.confirmed

B.confronted

C.conformed

D.affirmed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项confirmed“确认；确定；证实；批准；使巩固”；B选项confronted“面对；遭遇；比较”；C选项conformed“符合；遵照；适应环境；使遵守；使一致；使顺从”；D选项affirmed“肯定；断言；确认”。句意：他相信符合最高标准的传统行为。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror“provider”andpurchaseror“consumer”inthetypicaldoctor—patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Wherecircumstancespermitthebuyernochoicebecausethereiseffectivelyonlyonesellerandtheproductisrelativelyessential,governmentusuallyassertsmonopolyandplacestheindustryunderpriceandotherregulations.Neitheroftheseconditionsprevailsinmostofthehealth-careindustry.

Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician—andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesday”,whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious.

Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor’sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal“consumer.”Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe“powercenter”inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.

Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants:thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionsforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital,andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Inroutineorminorillnesses,orjustplainworries,thepatient’soptionsare,ofcourse,muchgreaterwithrespecttouseandprice.Inillnessesthatareofsomesignificance,however,suchchoicestendtoevaporate,anditisforillnessesthatthebulkofthehealth-caredollarisspent.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto______.

2.Itcanbeinferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause______.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto“returnnextWednesday”(para.2),thedoctorisineffect______.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto______.

5.Itisthephysicianwhoisthereal“consumer”(Para.3)meansthatthephysicianisthepartythat______.

问题1选项

A.speculateabouttherelationshipbetweenapatient’sabilitytopayandthetreatmentreceived

B.criticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients

C.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealthcare

D.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority

问题2选项

A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital

B.mostofthepatient’sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsurance

C.hospitaladministratorslacktheexpertisetoquestionmedicaldecisions

D.adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient’shealth

问题3选项

A.takingadvantageofthepatient’sconcernforhishealth

B.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservices

C.warningthepatientthathospitalstaymightbenecessary

D.advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinion

问题4选项

A.ananalysisofthecausesofinflation

B.aproposaltocontrolmedicalcosts

C.adiscussionofanewmedicaltreatment

D.adiscussionofnewmedicalcosts

问题5选项

A.paysforgoodsorservices

B.deliversgoodsorservices

C.ordersgoodsorservices

D.reimbursesathirdpartyforgoodsorservices

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.作者意图题。根据第一段第一句“Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.（医疗保健经济充满了不同寻常甚至独特的经济关系。）”可知本文将要讨论卫生保健行业中的特殊经济关系，其余三段主要分析了医疗保健领域的一些重要的影响相互之间经济关系的因素：医生、医院、病人以及支付者，因此C选项“分析卫生保健中一些重要的经济因素”符合文章大意。A选项“推测病人的支付能力和所接受的治疗之间的关系”；B选项“批评医生对病人过分控制”；D选项“敦促医院收回他们的决策权”都太过片面，因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“...itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesday”,whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.（所有重要的购买决定通常都是由医生做出的：病人是否应该下周三回来，是否需要x光，是否应该开药方，等等。）”以及第三段结尾“Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal‘consumer.’Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe‘powercenter’inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.（难怪在医院的眼里，医生才是真正的‘消费者’。因此，医务人员代表的是医院政策和决策的‘权力中心’，而不是管理部门。）”，由此可知决定医学治疗的是医生，也就是说决定医院收入的也是医生，因此A选项“是医生为医院创造了收入”符合题意。B选项“病人的大部分账单是由他的健康保险支付的”不符合题意；C选项“医院管理者缺乏质疑医疗决定的专业知识”文章没有提到；D选项“医生对病人的健康负有最终责任”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn‘nextWednesday’,whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.（所有重要的购买决定通常都是由医生做出的：病人是否应该下周三回来，是否需要x光，是否应该开药方，等等。）”，由此可知当医生让病人下周三再来的时候，实际上是由医生指导病人购买更多的医疗服务，因此B选项“指示病人购买更多的医疗服务”符合题意。A选项“利用病人对健康的关心”；C选项“警告病人住院可能是必要的”以及D选项“建议病人寻求另一种疗法”的最终目的都是为了购买更多医疗服务，因此B选项正确。

4.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“Inroutineorminorillnesses,orjustplainworries,thepatient’soptionsare,ofcourse,muchgreaterwithrespecttouseandprice.Inillnessesthatareofsomesignificance,however,suchchoicestendtoevaporate,anditisforillnessesthatthebulkofthehealth-caredollarisspent.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.（在日常或轻微的疾病，或只是简单的担忧，病人的选择，当然，更多的是使用和价格。然而，在一些有重要意义的疾病中，这样的选择往往会消失，医疗保健的大部分钱都花在了疾病上。我们估计75%到80%的医疗支出是由医生决定的，而不是病人。）”以及结合全文可知文章主要分析了医生和病人之间特殊的经济关系，末段最后两句指出大部分卫生保健费用由医生决定，正因为如此，这样的体制会显得很无效。由此可以推断，作者接下来会提出对这种体制进行改革，B选项“控制医疗费用的建议”符合题意。A选项“通货膨胀原因的分析”文章没有提到；C选项“关于一种新疗法的讨论”以及D选项“关于新的医疗费用的讨论”都不能很好的衔接文章内容，因此B选项正确。

5.语义推测题。“consumer”意为“消费者”，A选项“支付商品或服务的费用”更符合题意。B选项“递送商品或服务”；C选项“订购商品或服务”；D选项“报销第三方的商品或服务”。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

______yellingatmelikethis?It’syouwhoaretoblameforthisaffair.

问题1选项

A.Whereisthepointof

B.Whatisthepointfor

C.Whereisthepointasto

D.Whatisthepointof

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。what’sthepointofsth./doingsth.“……的意义、关键/做某事的意义”。句意：你这样吼我有什么意义？这件事该怪你。因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

LuisFigueroalivesdownthestreetfromUCMerced,thenewestcampusintheUniversityofCaliforniasystem.Soit’snotsurprisingthatthe21yearsoldstudiesfromthecomfortofhisownhome.Buthe’snotenrolledatMerced:fromhisliving-roomcomputer,Figueroaisearninghisbachelor’sdegreeinbusinessadministrationatColumbiaCollegeinMissouri,some2,000milesaway.At$630percourse—about$1,800persemester—hisonlinedegreewillcostfarlessthanevenin-statetuitionatUC.Notonlythat,Figueroaisabletocontinueworkingfulltimeinamanagement-trainingjobwithAT&TinMerced,ajobhefeelsluckytohaveinthecurrenteconomicclimate.“OnceIrealizedIhadtimeconstraints,Iknewthetraditionalclassroomwouldn’twork,”hesays.“Coursesonlineareopen24hoursaday,andI’mabletogothereanytimeIwant.”

Thatconvenienceisoneofthemainreasonsnearly4millionAmericanstudentstookatleastoneonlinecourseinthe2007-2008schoolyear,accordingtoastudybytheSloanFoundation.Thesamestudyfoundthatonlineenrollmentisgrowingataratemorethan10timesthatofthehigher-educationpopulationatlarge—12.9percentvs.1.2percentfortraditionalinseatstudents.NowhereisthegrowthfasterthanamongyoungerstudentslikeFigueroawhoareoptingforonlinelearning,evenwhenthetraditionalclassroomis—inhiscase—rightoutsidethefrontdoor.“Thisisagenerationthatlivesonline,”saysVickyPhillips,founderandCEOofG,aservicethatranksonlinelearninginstitutions.“Everythingisinstant,accelerated,andaccessible,andtheyexpecttheireducationtobethatwaytoo.Forthemthereisnoclearlinebetweenthevirtualworldandtheactualworld.”

Oncetargetedatolder,workingadults,distancelearninghasmovedintotheeducationmainstreamatstunningspeedoverthepastcoupleofyears,astechnologyallowsever-richer,more-interactivelearningexperienceonline—andascollegecostscontinuetoriseandclassroomsarepackedtocapacity.Fortraditionalbrick-and-mortarinstitutions,thathasmeantascrambletoenteralucrativemarketthatusedtobetheexclusiveterritoryoffor-profitinstitutionssuchastheUniversityofPhoenixandKaplanUniversity.Establishedbrand-nameeducators—includingStanford,Cornell,PennState,andMIT,whichhasplaceditsentirecurriculumonlinethroughitsOpenCoursewareprogram—nowofferextensiveonlinelearningoptionsandarecompetingwiththefor-profitsforstudents.“Thestigmaisgone,”saysPhillips.“Onlinelearninghasreachedmassculturalacceptance.It’snolongertheuglystepsisterofthehigher-educationworld.”

Onlineofferingsthesedayscansometimesevensurpasstheclassroomexperience.AaronWalsh,aprofessoratBostonCollegeandaformervideogamedesigner,haspioneeredImmersiveEducation,amethodofteachingthroughvirtualworlds.MeetinginSecondLifeinsteadofaphysicalclassroom,saysWalsh,allowsforsomefeatsthatgravityrendersimpossible,likehavingart-historystudentsflytotheceilingoftheSistineChapelorbiologymajorstotakeaMagicSchoolbus-liketripthroughthehumanbody.Usingvideos,podcasts,livechats,Webcams,andwikis,educatorsincreasinglyseeonlinelearningasawaytoengagethevideogamegenerationwithpedagogythatfeelsmorelikeentertainmentthandrudgery.Studentsinthenewhomeland-securitymaster’sdegreeprogramattheUniversityofConnecticutthisfall,forexample,willhavecourseworkthatresemblesGrandTheftAuto:dwellinginacyber-citycalledSanLuisReyplaguedwithsuicidebombers,biochemicalattacks,andotherdisasters.AtArizonaState,studentsinanIntroductiontoParentingclassraisea“virtualchild”.Theyhavetoposttheprogressoftheironlinechargethroughallthephasesofchildhood.“Theclassesaresomuchmoreinteractive,andIcanlogonwhenI’mmostreadytolearn,”saysJaquelynHolleran,ajuniormajoringinfamilyandhumandevelopmentatASU.“Ilikethatsomuchbetterthanhavingtorushtoclassorsitthroughalecturethat’sboring.”

Asthelargestgenerationsincethebabyboomattendscollegeatatimeofshrinkingbudgetsandsoaringcosts,manyeducatorsbelievethatonlinelearningholdsthegreatestpromiseforexpandingthecapacityoftheU.S.higher-educationsystem.AnddigitalclassroomswillsurelyplayanimportantroleinhelpingtheObamaadministrationpursueitsgoalofraisingthepercentageofcollegegraduatesintheU.S.tofirstintheworldby2020(atleast10othercountriesnowstandintheway).Thesurgeinstudentswithjobsandfamilies,andthoseinthemilitary,hasalsocausedonlineenrollmentstosoar.SarahGerke,anArmyprivatestationedinIraq,keepsupwithhercourseworkatColumbiaCollegeinMissouri,despitetheoccasionalbombing.“EvenifIcouldattendinperson,”shewritesinane-mailfromCampLiberty,“IthinkIwouldstickwithonlineclassesfortheconvenience.”

ForpublicinstitutionssuchastheUniversityofMichiganandtheUniversityofMassachusetts,onlinelearningnotonlyextendstheirbrand,it’sacost-effectivewaytoservemorestudents.AtUMassOnline,enrollmentamongstudentsundertheageof25hasincreased91percentoverthepastthreeyears.AtThomasEdisonStateCollegeinTrenton,N.J.,thatgrowthrateoverthesameperiodismorethan100percent.“Thebestwaytolowerthecostofhighereducationistograduateontime,”saysUMasspresidentJackWilson.“Moreandmoreweseestudentsusingonlinelearningasanaccelerator,awaytomovemorequicklythroughtheirundergraduateprogram.”

1.ThestudybytheSloanFoundationshowsthat______.

2.AccordingtoPhilips,whatwastheattitudeofpeopletowardsonlinelearning?

3.ByImmersiveEducationmethod,studentscan______.

4.IfyoutakeacourseatUMassOnline,______.

5.Comparedwiththetraditionalform,onlineeducationhasalltheadvantagesEXCEPT______.

问题1选项

A.about4millionAmericanstudentstookonlinecoursesinthe2007-2008schoolyear

B.theonlineenrollmentisgrowingatarateofmorethan10timesperyear

C.theratiooftraditionalinseatandonlineenrollmentgrowthrateis12.9to1.2

D.thebiggestreasonthatsomanypeopletakeonlinecoursesisitsconvenience

问题2选项

A.It’saconvenientwayoflearning.

B.It’sacost-effectivewayoflearning.

C.It’sabad-reputedwayoflearning.

D.It’sanexcellentwayoflearning.

问题3选项

A.enjoysomefeatsinphysicalclassroomthatgravityrendersimpossible

B.gotoacityplaguedwithsuicidebombers,biochemicalattacksandsoon

C.learnhowtobeaparentbyraisinganadoptedchildthroughInternet

D.haveasimulatedtripthroughthehumanbodyinfrontofacomputer

问题4选项

A.you’llgetaspecialdegreedifferentfromcampus-goingcounterparts’

B.youcanspendashortertimetogetadegreethangoingtocampus

C.you’llreceivehigherstandardizedcurriculathantraditionaleducation

D.youcanacceptclasscounselingfromteachersatanytimeyouwant

问题5选项

A.onlinedegreecostsalotlessthanin-classeducation

B.onlineeducationhasmanyconveniences

C.onlineeducationisfarmoreinterestingthantraditionalformofeducation

D.onlineeducationprovidescolorfulactivitieswhichgreatlyenhancesociallife

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thatconvenienceisoneofthemainreasonsnearly4millionAmericanstudentstookatleastoneonlinecourseinthe2007-2008schoolyear,accordingtoastudybytheSloanFoundation.（根据斯隆基金会的一项研究，这种便利性是2007-2008学年近400万美国学生至少选修一门在线课程的主要原因之一。）”，由此可知该项研究主要说明了线上学习的便捷性，因此D选项“很多人选择在线课程的最大原因是它的方便”符合题意。A选项“在2007-2008学年，大约有400万美国学生参加了在线课程”、B选项“网上报名正以每年10倍以上的速度增长”以及C选项“传统的座位上课方式和网上招生增长率之比为12.9:1.2”说法都正确，但都是该研究的内容，其主要目的还是说明线上课程的便捷性，因此D选项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据第三段最后一句“Thestigmaisgone…Onlinelearninghasreachedmassculturalacceptance.It’snolongertheuglystepsisterofthehigher-educationworld.（坏名声的时代已经过去了。在线学习已为大众文化所接受。它再也不是高等教育世界里丑陋的后来者了。”可推断出，以前人们认为在线学习是不可取的，C选项“这是一种普遍认为很差的学习方法”符合题意。A选项“这是一种方便的学习方式”；B选项“这是一种经济有效的学习方式”；D选项“这是一种很好的学习方式”都与题干不符，因此C选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“AaronWalsh,aprofessoratBostonCollegeandaformervideogamedesigner,haspioneeredImmersiveEducation,amethodofteachingthroughvirtualworlds.（波士顿学院教授、前电子游戏设计师亚伦•沃尔什首创了沉浸式教育，这是一种通过虚拟世界进行教学的方法。）”，下文举例进行说明，其中提到“likehavingart-historystudentsflytotheceilingoftheSistineChapelorbiologymajorstotakeaMagicSchoolbus-liketripthroughthehumanbody.（比如让艺术史学生飞到西斯廷教堂的天花板上，或者让生物专业的学生乘坐魔法学校的巴士进行人体内的旅行。）”，由此可推断出D选项“在电脑前模拟人体旅行”符合浸入式教育的虚拟环境，所以正确。A选项“在物理教室里享受一些重力使其不可能实现的壮举”；B选项“去一个有自杀式炸弹袭击，生化攻击等的城市”以及C选项“通过互联网学习如何抚养一个被收养的孩子”都不符合浸入式教育的虚拟环境条件，因此D选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“Moreandmoreweseestudentsusingonlinelearningasanaccelerator,awaytomovemorequicklythroughtheirundergraduateprogram.（我们越来越多地看到学生将在线学习作为一种加速器，一种更快地完成本科课程的方式。）”，由此可知在麻省大学，学生可以通过线上学习提前完成自己的本科学业，因此B选项“你可以花比去校园更短的时间获得学位”符合题意。A选项“你将获得一个不同于在校同学的特殊学位”；C选项“你将接受比传统教育更高的标准化课程”；D选项“你可以随时接受老师的辅导”都与原文内容不符，因此B选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据第一段“At$630percourse—about$1,800persemester—hisonlinedegreewillcostfarlessthanevenin-statetuitionatUC.（每门课程630美元——大约每学期1800美元——他的在线学位甚至比加州大学的州内学费还要便宜得多。）”可知A选项“在线学位的花费比课堂教育要少得多”正确；根据第二段“Thatconvenienceisoneofthemainreasonsnearly4millionAmericanstudentstookatleastoneonlinecourseinthe2007-2008schoolyear,accordingtoastudybytheSloanFoundation.（根据斯隆基金会的一项研究，这种便利性是2007-2008学年近400万美国学生至少选修一门在线课程的主要原因之一。）”可知B选项“在线教育有很多便利”正确；根据文章第四段“AaronWalsh,aprofessoratBostonColle