英语构词法的406课件

Wordformation构词法在英语中,词的构成法主要有四种:

合成、转化、派生、缩略一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。

1.合成名词

名词+名词

cowboynewspaper

名词+ing

handwritingsunbathing

ing+名词

waiting-roomsleeping-pill

形容词+名词

blackboardshorthand

名词＋及物动词＋er／orpain-killer止痛药名词＋介词＋名词editor-in-chief总编辑副词＋动词outbreak爆发介词＋名词afternoon下午

……

2.合成动词:

副词+动词

overthrowuphold

形容词+动词

blacklistwhitewash

名词+动词

sleepwalksunburn3.合成形容词:

名词+形容词

snow-whitelifelong

名词+过去分词

man-madehandmade

数词+名词

one-waysecond-hand

一、合成4.合成副词

形容词＋名词hotfoot匆忙地形容词＋副词everywhere到处副词＋副词however尽管如此介词＋名词beforehand事先介词＋副词forever永远一、合成5.合成代词代词宾格＋selfherself她自己物主代词＋selfmyself我自己形容词＋名词anything任何东西6.合成介词副词＋名词inside在……里面介词＋副词within在……之内副词＋介词into进入一、合成二、转化:动词名词:

taste(v.)taste(n.)

Ittastesgood.Ithasagoodtaste.(2)名词动词:

hand(n.)hand(v.)

Let’sgohandinhand.Pleasehandinyourexercisebooksafterclass.

(3)形容词动词:

clean(adj.)clean(v.)

Herroomiscleanandtidy.Shecleansherroomeveryday.由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.三、派生：1.表示否定意义的前缀dis-

dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,

incapable,inability,ignoble,illegal,impossible,immoral,irregularmis-misunderstandmisleadnon-nonsensenonstopun-unable,unemploymentanti-,ant-

antiknock(防震),antiforeigner,(排外的)由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另外一个词。2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀

1)

a-表示“在……之上”，“向……”

aboard,aside,2)

by-表示“附近，邻近，边侧”

bypath,bypass(弯路)3)

inter-,intel-,表示“在……间，相互”

international,interaction,internet

mid-,表示“中，中间”

midnight,mid-autumn5)

out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”

outline,outside,outward6)

over-,

表示“在上面，在外部，向上”

overlook,overhead(在头顶,在高处),overboard7)

extra-,表示“额外”

extraction（提取）8)

fore-表示“在前面”

forehead,foretell9)

in-,im-,表示“向内，在内，背于”

inland,invade,inside,import2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀

under-,表示“在…..下面，下的”

underline,underground,underwater

11)

up-,表示“向上，向上面，在上”

upward,uphold,uphill(上坡)1．re--“又\,再”repeat,review,return,reunite,remarry

2.co—“联合，伴同”cooperate,coexist,co-worker

3.

super—“在…上；加之”superman,supermarket

4.tele 远程 telephone,telegraph,telescope

5.de-向相反方向发展decentralize（分散）,defrost（解冻）

6.trans-过，穿过，变transformation(变形),translate

7.vice-副

vice-premier,vice-president3.表示其他意义的前缀:7.vice-副

vice-premier,vice-president

8.semi-半

semifinal,semicircle,semi-automatic

9.bi 两个

bicycle,biennial两年一次的

[baɪ'ɛnɪəl

10.

tri三个triangle三角形,tricycle三轮脚踏车,triplets三胞胎['trɪplɪt

11.mul-多，多种multiply(使增加),multi-national,multi-coloured12.kilo-千 kilometre,kilogramme后缀

例词名词-ability-age-al-an-cy-er-or-ese-ee-eer-ery-ess

inability,responsibilityleakage(托管人,保管人),shortagerenewal,withdrawalAmerican,Koreanprivacy,accuracyfarmer,thinker,painkilleractor,sailor,collectorChinese,Japanese,Portugueseemployee,trustee,intervieweeengineer,profiteer(获暴利的人,奸商)machinery,jewelleryactress,waitress后缀

例词名词-ful-ian-ist-ism-ment-ness-ship-tion-ure

armful,handful,mouthfulEgyptian,Russian,Asian,musicianartist,pianist,communist,scientistsocialism,realism,idealismgovernment,movement,developmentbusiness,illness,darknessfriendship,ownershipinvention,liberation,educationdeparture,failure,exposure(暴露;

）后缀

例词形容词-able-al-an-ern-est-ful-ish-ive-y-less-some

advisable,admirable,comfortablephysical,national,politicalAmerican,Italian,Australiansouthern,northern,easternfattest,latest,luckiesthelpful,useful,carefulBritish,English,foolish,childishactive,instructive,expensivecloudy,windy,dirty,sunnycareless,uselesstroublesome,tiresome后缀

例词动词-(e)n-fy-ize-ate

widen,strengthen,lengthensimplify,beautifyapologize,organize,realizeactivate,（使活动，激活）motivate(激发,刺激)后缀

例词副词-ly-down-ward(s)

really,badly,perfectly,trulyface-down,palm-down(手掌向下地)towards,forward,outward后缀

例词数词-teen-ty-th

fourteen,fifteen,eighteenforty,fifty,eightyfourth,fifth,eighthPractice(I):

从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词.booklookersnewfarfirsttroubletenbabyoveremptyreachingcaseminuteclassbornonhandedeatsitfreePractice(II):

rain(形容词)________agree(反义)__________nation(形容词)_______farm(人)__________recent(副词)________friend(形容词)________hope(形容词)_______back(形容词)_________visit(名词)__________home(形容词)________eight(序数词)________true(名词)___________America(形容词)_______China(形容词)________按括号内的要求改