2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号12

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Withoutapropereducation,peoplecould（）allkindsofcrimes.

问题1选项

A.conduct

B.stoop

C.commit

D.sweat

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。conduct“组织，实施”；stoop“辱没，堕落”；commit“犯罪”；sweat“出汗”。commitcrimes犯罪，故C项正确。句意：如果没有接受合适的教育，人们可能会进行各种犯罪活动。

2.单选题

Theadvancementofscienceandtechnologyhasdemonstratedthatafactappearingtocontradicttocertaintheorymayactuallybe（）amoreadvancedformulationofthattheory.

问题1选项

A.consistentwith

B.eliminatedby

C.inoppositionto

D.incompatiblewith

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beconsistentwith与…一致，符合；inoppositionto与…相反；beincompatiblewith与…不相容的；句意：先进的科学技术证明了如果一个看似与某一理论相悖的事实，实际可能与一个更先进的理论形式相符。由actually可知前后有相反的意味，故此空意思应与contradict意义相反，故A项正确。

3.翻译题

现在大学生的学习压力相当重。除了大四，他们开始找工作了，其余的学生总是忙.于学习，而不愿参加团体和俱乐部，不愿参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿与他们的朋友玩玩，不愿关心和学习没有关系的事情。总之，他们就像一个机器人。压力大，时间少，功课多。看到同寝室里的人都上图书馆去学习，到深夜闭馆才回，而自己却去看电影，他们就会有一种内疚感。一想到白天什么事都不干，就感到不安，会整夜因此睡不着觉。他们学习太紧张，几乎没有吋间好好品尝生活，干些其他事，成为一个全而发展的人。

【答案】Nowadays,collegestudents'learningpressureisquiteheavy.Inadditiontothesenioryear,theystartlookingforajob.Therestofthemarealwaysbusy,ratherthantakepartinthecampusgroupsandclubs.Theydonotenjoytakingpartinphysicalexerciseandotherextracurricularactivities,orplayingwiththeirfriends,orcaringaboutandlearningthingsthathavenorelationshipwithstudy.Allinall,theyarelikerobotswithhugestress,lessleisuretimeandpilesofworks.Theywouldfeelguiltwhentheyseeeveryoneinthedormitorygoestothelibrarytostudyandcomebackuntilitcloseslateintothenightwhiletheygotothemovies.Thethoughtofdoingnothingduringthedaymakesthemupsetandbringsawhitenight.Theystudysohardthattheyhardlyhavetheluxurytimeoftastinglifeanddoingotherthingstobecomefullydevelopedpeople.

4.单选题

You’reresponsibleto（）isinchargeofsales.

问题1选项

A.who

B.whom

C.whoever

D.that

【答案】C

【解析】考查引导词。该空在从句中作主语，并引导主语从句。who表示人，常引导宾语从句，但不引导主语从句；而whoever表示“无论是谁”(anyonewho)，可引导主语从句。故C项正确。句意：你对任何负责销售的人负责。

5.单选题

Nobodyknows（）howmanypeoplearetobeblameforthecoal-mineaccident,sothegovernmentistryingtofindoutthewholetruthabouttheaccident.

问题1选项

A.inwardly

B.honestly

C.cleverly

D.precisely

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。inwardly“向内地，在内部”；honestly“真诚地，公正地”；cleverly“聪明地”；precisely“精确地，恰恰”。句意：没有人（）知道有多少人要为煤矿事故负责，所以政府正尝试查明整个事故的全部真相。由后半句“政府决定查明整个事情的真相”可推知没有人非常准确地知道这个事故。故D项符合句意。

6.填空题

Lifeisfullofdangersandsurprise.Yourhousemayburndown.Youmayfalloutofthewindowandbreakyourneck.Miceandbeetlesmayeatyourfloorsothatyoudropintotheflatbelowforanuninvitedcupoftea.1.（）.

Youcannotalwayspreventdisasters,butyoucaninsureagainstthem.Mostformsofinsurancearevoluntary-itisuptoyouwhetheryoutakeoutapolicyornot.Butsomeformsarecompulsory.2.（）.The“parties”toanagreement,orcontract,aretheindividualsorgroupsconcerned.Withthird-partymotorinsurance,thethreepartiesare（i）youyourself,（ii）yourinsurancecompany,and（iii）anybodyelse---forexample,themanwhoseJaguarhasjustsmashedupyourMini.Third-partyinsurancedoesnotcoverfire,theftoranythingelse.Itisintendedonlytoprotectroadusersfromeachother.3.（）.

AnotherformofcompulsoryinsuranceisNationalInsurance.Everybodyover16earningmoneyonaregularbasismustpayasumeachweektothestate.TheseweeklycontributionscoverpartofthecostoftheNationalHealthServiceandtheothersocialservicebenefits,e.g.unemploymentbenefits,sicknessbenefits,old-agepensions,industrialinjurybenefitsandsoon.Youmustbeabletoproveyouhavepaidyourcontributions,soyoumusthaveacard（keptbyyouremployerunlessyouareself-employeD.ontowhichstampsarestuckeveryweek.Ofcourse,youcantakeoutprivatehealthinsuranceaswellifyouwish,butyoumuststillpayyourstatecontributions.

Thereare,ofcourse,manyinsurancecompaniesinBritain,bothlargeandsmall.ButthereisalsoaratherspecialorganizationcalledLloyd’s,whichstartedasacoffee-houseinlate17lhcentury.Lloyd’sisasocietyofaroundsixthousandmembers-allofthemunderwriters-andisadministeredbyacommitteecontrolledbyActofParliament.4.（）.YouhavetogotoaninsurancebrokerwhowillthencontactamemberofLloyd’sforyou.Ifyouwanttoinsuresomethingexpensive---likeafleetofJumbojets,forexample-yourbrokerwillprobablyhavetocontactasyndicateofunderwritersbecausetheriskswouldbetoohighforonemantocover.

Lloyd'swillprobablyinsureyouagainstanyriskatall---providedyouarepreparedtopaythepremiums.5.（）.Maybeclownsinsuretheirnoses.Youneverknow-anythingmayhappen.

【答案】1.G

2.C

3.E

4.D

5.A

【解析】1.第一段列举了一些可能发生的危险的例子，比如房子烧毁，地板被老鼠和甲虫吃掉等。此空作为第一段的最后一句，G项“一切都有可能发生，”与第一句呼应。

2.由Butsomeformsarecompulsory.但有些形式的保险是强制性的。可知接下来的内容会讲到强制性的保险。而C项正好是一个强制性保险的例子。故C项正确。

3.由空前的“Itisintendedonlytoprotectroadusersfromeachother.第三方保险只是为了保护道路使用者免受他人的伤害。”可知这种保险有局限性，E项中的comprehensive与原文中的only很自然地形成对比。故E项正确。句意：如果你想为可能发生在你或你的车身上的所有其他可怕的事情投保，你可以买一份综合保险。

4.上文提到Lloyd's是一个6000人组成的团体，并且受委员会管制。故空格处如果填D项“Lloyd's不是一般意义上的保险公司，而是一个保险市场，你不能直接和它做生意。”能与上下文自然地衔接。

5.空前提到“只要你缴纳保险费，Lloyd's会保护你的一切危险。”接下来空格后举例“小丑可能会为他的鼻子买保险”。而A项“钢琴家会为他们的手买保险”正好与下文的例子构成并列关系，并且是对上文的论证。故A项正确。

7.单选题

Youaren'tgoingtothelibrary,areyou?（）,I’mnotgoingtothelibrary.

问题1选项

A.Yes

B.No

C.OK

D.Allright

【答案】B

【解析】考查反义疑问句。反义疑问句的回答根据实际情况作答，空格后为否定的情况，故用No.B项正确。

8.单选题

Towriteasummaryeffectively,youwillneedto—（）wordsforphrases,phrasesforsentences,andgeneralentrancesforlistsofdetails.

问题1选项

A.convert

B.complement

C.substitute

D.constitute

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。convert转换,使转变；complement补足，补助；substitute代替；constitute组成，构成。substitutefor代替。句意：为了写好一篇摘要，你需要用单词替代短语，用短语替代句子，用主旨替代细节。故C项正确。

9.单选题

Thevalueofabusinessincreasinglyliesnotinphysicalandfinancialassetsthatareonthebalancesheet,butinintangibles:brands,patents,franchises,software,researchprograms,ideasandexpertise.Fewfirmstrytomeasurereturnsontheseassets,letalonepublishinformationonthem.Yettheyareoftenwhatunderliesafirm'ssuccess.“Ourprimaryassets,whichareoursoftwareandoursoftware-developmentskills,donotshowuponthebalancesheetatall,”saysMicrosoft’sboss,BillGates.“Thisisprobablynotveryenlighteningfromapurelyaccountingpointofview.”

Asignthatcompaniesdonotmeasuretheirassetsproperlymaybethegrowinggapbetweentheirstock-marketvalueandthebookvalueoftheirassets.Between1973and1993,themedianratioofmarketvaluestobookvaluesofAmericanpubliccompaniesdoubles;thedifferencehasgrownwithaboominhigh-techshares.Thegapisbiggestforcompaniesthathavemostrapidlyboostedspendingonresearchanddevelopment（R&D）.Evenwithinindustries,thedivergence（分歧）betweenstock-marketreturnsandreportedearningshasincreased.

Youmightthinkthiswouldpresentaproblemforinvestors,whonolongerhaveagoodwayoftellingwhetherthemarketvalueofacompanyissoundlybased.Yetinvestorsseemtoknowinstinctivelythatknowledgeisvaluable.35.AstudyhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhentheybuyforeignsubsidiaries,butitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.Presumablyinvestorsunderstandthatcompaniesinknowledge-basedbusinessescanexploitthemagicofrisingreturnstoscale.Onceapillorasoftwareprogramisdeveloped,eachextrasalebringsinmoremoneyatlittleextracost:thebiggerthemarket,thegreatertheprofits.

Infact,theabsenceofgoodmeasuresmaybotherthosewhorunfirmsmorethanthosewhoinvestinthem.Formanagers,thebigproblemishowtojudgeratesofreturn.Withbuildingafactory,therearetime-honoredmethodsforcalculatingthepayback.ButwhatifyouareinvestinginR&Dorsoftware,ordecidingwhethertobuybetterpeopleortotrainmore?Therearen’ttoolsformakingsuchdecisions.

1.Theintangiblesofacompanyarereflectedin（）.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutMicrosoft?

3.WhydoesthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsrise?

4.Aninvestorwhobuysstocksofacompanyinknowledge-basedbusinessesbaseshisecisionon（）.

5.Thephrase“suchdecisionsn（Para.4）refersto（）.

问题1选项

A.physicalandfinancialassets

B.stock-marketvalue

C.thebalancesheet

D.thedifferencebetweenthestock-marketvalueandthebookvalue

问题2选项

A.Ithasnobook-valueassets.

B.Itsstock-marketvalueequalsitsbookvalue.

C.There’sagreatgapbetweenitsstock-marketvalueandbookvalue.

D.Itsstock-marketvaluedoesnotreflectthecompany’srealvalue

问题3选项

A.Becausetheybuyforeignsubsidiaries

B.Becausetheyinvestmuchinintangibleassets.

C.BecausetheyhavelowR&Dspending

D.Becausetheinvestorsknowthemethodsforcalculatingthepaybackofknowledge-basedbusinesses

问题4选项

A.purespeculation（投机）

B.thecompany’sbookvalue

C.whetherthecompanybuysforeignsubsidiaries

D.theprospectthatitsresearchwilltranslateintolowcostproducts

问题5选项

A.unningfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

B.nvestinginfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

C.udgingratesofreturnonfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

D.alculatingreturnsonanewly-builtfactory

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Thevalueofabusinessincreasinglyliesnotinphysicalandfinancialassetsthatareonthebalancesheet,butinintangibles:brands,patents,franchises,software,researchprograms,ideasandexpertise.企业的价值越来越不在于资产负债表上的有形资产和金融资产，而在于无形资产：品牌、专利、特许经营权、软件、研究项目、创意和专业技能。可知ABC三项都不对。故D项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第一段“Ourprimaryassets,whichareoursoftwareandoursoftware-developmentskills,donotshowuponthebalancesheetatall,”saysMicrosoft’sboss,BillGates.“Thisisprobablynotveryenlighteningfromapurelyaccountingpointofview.我们的主要资产，也就是我们的软件和软件开发技能，根本没有出现在资产负债表上。“从纯粹的会计角度来看，这可能不是很有启发性。”可知D项“其股票市值并不能反映公司的实际价值”正确。

3.推理判断题。由第三段“AstudyhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhentheybuyforeignsubsidiaries,butitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.一项研究发现，在研发上投入巨资的美国跨国公司在收购外国子公司时，其股价会上涨，但当研发支出较低的跨国公司在海外收购时，其股价会下跌。可知跨国公司在收购海外子公司时，股价的升降取决于该公司在研发方面的投入力度，也就是对无形资产的投入力度。故B项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第三段“Presumablyinvestorsunderstandthatcompaniesinknowledge-basedbusinessescanexploitthemagicofrisingreturnstoscale.Onceapillorasoftwareprogramisdeveloped,eachextrasalebringsinmoremoneyatlittleextracost:thebiggerthemarket,thegreatertheprofits.想必投资者明白，在以知识为基础的企业中，企业可以利用不断增长的回报来扩大规模。一旦开发出一种药丸或一个软件程序，每一笔额外销售都能以很少的额外成本带来更多的收入：市场越大，利润就越大。”可知D项“其研究成果转化为低成本产品的前景”正确。

5.词义题。联系上下文“Formanagers,thebigproblemishowtojudgeratesofreturn.Withbuildingafactory,therearetime-honoredmethodsforcalculatingthepayback.ButwhatifyouareinvestinginR&Dorsoftware,ordecidingwhethertobuybetterpeopleortotrainmore?Therearen’ttoolsformakingsuchdecisions.对于经理来说，最大的问题是如何判断回报率。建造一个工厂，有计算回报的历史悠久的方法。但如果你投资于研发或软件，或者决定是雇佣更好的人或者培训更多的人呢?没有工具来做这样的决定。可知suchdecisions指代在知识型企业如何判断回报率的问题。故C项正确。

10.单选题

What,besideschildren,connectsmothersaroundtheworldandacrosstheseasoftime?It’schickensoup,oneprominentAmericanfoodexpertsays.

FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsia,chickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspasstheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMainmidesextolleditsvirtues.

Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.Chickensgotanotherboost（吹捧）inthebookofGenesis,whereitiswrittenthatbirdsandfishwerecreatedonthefifthday,adaybeforefour-leggedanimals.ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken’srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.

Hernewbook,“TheWholeWorldLovesChickenSoup”，looksatthebelovedandmysteriousbrew,withdozensofrecipesfromaroundtheworld.“Throughouttheages,"shesaid,“therehasbeenalotoffeelingthatwhite-coloredfoodsareeasiertoeatfortheweak-womenandtheill.Inaddition,“soup,oranythingforthatmattereatenwithaspoon”areconsidered“comfortfoods.”Sheratonsaid.

“IlovesoupandlovemakingsoupandasIwascollectingrecipesIbegantoseethisasaninternationaldish...Ithasauniversalmystiqueassomethingcurative,astrengthbuilder.”SheratonsaidfromherNewYorkhome.

Herbooktreatstheoldestremedyasifitwasbrandnew.TheNationalBroilerCouncil,thetradegrouprepresentingthechickenindustry,reportedthat51percentofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50percentsaiditwasversatile,41percentsaiditwaseconomicaland46percentsaiditwaslowinfat.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

2.Sinceancienttimes,thevalueofchickensoup（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

4.Chickensouphascurativepowersmainlyfor（）accordingtoSheraton.

5.Itcanbesaidfromthesurveythatchickenis（）.

问题1选项

A.ProminentAmericanFoods

B.HistoryofthechickenSoup

C.ChickenSoupRecipes

D.ChickenSoup,aUniversalCure-all

问题2选项

A.hasbeenover-estimated

B.hasbeenwidelyacknowledged

C.hasbeenappreciatedonlybyphilosophers

D.hasbeenknownonlytomothers

问题3选项

A.Chickensouphasaverylonghistory.

B.Sinceancienttimes,chickensouphasbeenahomeremedy.

C.Poultryusuallystandshigherthanfour-leggedanimals.

D.Four-leggedanimalsweresaidtobecreatedonthesixthday.

问题4选项

A.itscolor

B.itstaste

C.itsflavor

D.itsrecipe

问题5选项

A.amaindish

B.apopularfood

C.cheaperthananyotherfood

D.Alloftheabove

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。全文从不同角度，从古至今，讲述了鸡汤的好处。故D项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第二段FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsia,chickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspasstheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMainmidesextolleditsvirtues.从俄罗斯的村庄到非洲和亚洲，鸡汤一直是那些身体和精神虚弱的人的良药。母亲们把她们的知识传给了古希腊、中国和罗马的古代作家，甚至12世纪的哲学家和医生摩西•梅因米德斯(MosesMainmides)也赞美这种美德。由此可知从古代开始鸡汤的价值就为人所知。故B项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第三段Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.在古代，亚里士多德认为家禽应该比四条腿的动物站得更高，因为空气的密度比地球小。可知这只是亚里士多德的猜测，不是事实。故C项表述错误。

4.细节事实题。由第三段“ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken’srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.但在过去3年的大部分时间里，MimiSheraton一直在探索鸡汤的世界。他表示，鸡肉之所以具有真正的或想象中的疗效，在很大程度上是因为它的颜色。可知Sheraton认为鸡汤具有如此强大的疗效在于它的颜色。故A项正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“51percentofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50percentsaiditwasversatile,41percentsaiditwaseconomicaland46percentsaiditwaslowinfat.51%的受访者说他们买鸡肉是因为鸡肉更健康，50%的人说鸡肉有多种用途，41%的人说鸡肉很经济，46%的人说鸡肉脂肪含量低。”可知很多人购买鸡肉，并且购买的原因也多样化，恰好说明了鸡肉成为一种受欢迎的食物。故B项正确。

11.单选题

Intheeveningtheymetatthehotel,bothcontentwiththeirday,happytoeata（）mealtogetheranddancealittleafterwards.

问题1选项

A.manually

B.causally

C.leisurely

D.vigorously

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。manually“手动地”；causally“有原因地”；leisurely“休闲地，从容地”；vigorously“精神旺盛地，活泼地”。句意：晚上他们在酒店碰面，对这一天都很满足，他们开心地一起吃了一顿（）的晚餐，然后一起跳了一会儿舞。由and后面的内容“跳舞”可推知and前面的内容的状态也是比较悠闲，轻松的，故C项正确。

12.单选题

Itiscrucialthatabroadsetofpeople-notjusttechnologistsorthosewhohappentobeinthecomputerindustry（）inthedebateabouthowthistechnologyshouldbeshaped.

问题1选项

A.compensate

B.saturate

C.motivate

D.participate

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。compensate“赔偿，补偿”；saturate“浸透，使湿透”；motivate“刺激，使有动机”；participatein“参加”。句意：重要的是要有一大群人而不仅仅技术员或那些碰巧在计算机领域工作的人参与到这项技术该如何发展的讨论中来。D项能与介词in搭配，且符合句意。

13.单选题

Anyearthquakethattakesplaceinanyareaiscertainlyregardedasakindofa（）event.

问题1选项

A.cholesterol

B.charcoal

C.catastrophic

D.chronic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。cholesterol胆固醇;charcoal木炭，炭笔：chronic慢性的，长期的；catastrophic灾难的，悲惨的。地震显然是一种自然灾害。故C项正确。句意：在任何地区发生的任何地震都被认为是一种灾难事件。

14.单选题

The（）ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.

问题1选项

A.segregation

B.specification

C.spectrum

D.subscription

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。segregation“隔绝、分离'speficiation“规格、说明书”;spectrum“光谱、波段”；subscription“捐献、订阅、定金、签署”。只有A项符合题意。句意：把那些有天赋的孩子们分离到加速班的举措将会在下周根据他们的学习成绩进行。

15.单选题

（）workingonhiscompositionthedaybefore,hewouldhavefinisheditbynow.

问题1选项

A.Wouldhestart

B.Hadhestarted

C.Ifheistostart

D.Ifhewasstarting

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。由thedaybefore后半句wouldhavefinishedbynow可知空格处发生的动作发生在过去，是对过去事实的虚拟，从句用had+Ved.故B项正确。句意：如果他昨天就开始写作的话，他现在就已经完成了。故B项正确。

16.单选题

Iwastotallymixedupbyhis（）andambiguousremarks.

问题1选项

A.ubiquitous

B.unsettled

C.elusive

D.daring

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ubiquitous“普遍存在的”;unsettled“未决定的;怀疑的”;elusive“难懂的；难以捉摸的；易忘的”;daring“大胆的；勇敢的”。句意：我完全被他的难以琢磨的和模棱两可的话搞糊涂了。由连词and可知空格处所填词与ambiguousremarks词义相近，故C项正确。

17.翻译题

我为什么写作？我为了我们的国家、社会、生活更加美好而写作。热爱生活，我叹息一切美好的瞬间的短促。只有文学才能使美好的瞬间与永恒连接起来。至少我有理由希望，在写作的时候我能够比我自己还要好一点，聪明一点，丰富一点，有时候更执着一点，也有时候更豁达一点，因为我是太平凡了，我是有太多的缺点以至于缺陷。我不满意自己，我已经没有办法再重新投胎一次，我只能在写作里得到一些校正与补偿。我喜欢写作还因为这并不总是快乐的。谁能回避那些沉重的不愉快的甚至于可怕的事情呢？然而当这一切经验都变成文学的契机的时候，人生就比较能够忍受了。

【答案】WhydoIwrite?Iwriteforthebettermentofourcountry,societyandlife.Ilovelife,Isighthebrevityofallthebeautifulmoments.Onlyliteraturecanconnectthebeautifulmomentwiththeeternal.AtleastIhavereasontohopethatwhenIwrite,Icanbealittlebetterthanmyself,alittlesmarter,alittlericher,sometimesalittlemorepersistent,andsometimesalittlemoreopen-minded,becauseIamtooordinary,Ihavetoomanyshortcomingsandevendefects.Iamnotsatisfiedwithmyself,Ihavenowaytobebornagain,Icanonlygetsomecorrectionandcompensationfromwriting.Ialsolikewritingbecauseit'snotalwaysfun.Whocanavoidthoseheavyunpleasantandeventerriblethings?However,whenalltheseexperiencesbecometheopportunityofliterature,lifeismoretolerable.

18.单选题

Topartiallyovercometheproblemoffundsandtospeedthe（）ofWesterntechnology,Hungarysolda30%stakeinitsnationalphonecompanytotwoWesterncompanies.

问题1选项

A.auction

B.harmony

C.sacrifice

D.import

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。auction“拍卖，竞卖”；harmony“和睦”；sacrifice“牺牲，献祭”；import“进口”；句意：为了部分解决资金问题和加速西方技术的引进，匈牙利将其国家电话公司30%的股份出售给了两家西方公司。匈牙利通过售卖国家电话公司的股份来获得资金以此来引进西方技术。故D项正确。

19.单选题

Thebossnamedthecompany（）himself.

问题1选项

A.as

B.after

C.to

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。nameafter以…命名。句意：老板以他自己的名字给公司命名。

20.翻译题

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergy,tocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwaslocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproduct,itwasinefficient.Contrastthiswithfanningsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.What'smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe213rcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.

【答案】可持续发展几乎适用于从能源到清洁水和经济增长的所有领域，因此很难对其背后的基本假设或概念的使用方式提出质疑。在农业方面尤其如此，在农业方面，可持续发展往往被视为进步的唯一衡量标准，而没有适当地从历史和文化角度加以评价。首先，重要的是要记住，农业的性质在历史上已经发生了显著的变化，并将继续发生变化。北欧的中世纪农业为主要的农村社会提供了食物、衣服和庇护，人口密度比今天低得多。它对生物多样性的影响微乎其微，而且它造成的任何污染都是局部的。就能量使用和产品中获取的营养而言，它是低效的。这与工业革命开始以来的扇风形成了鲜明对比。来自海外的竞争促使农民专业化并提高产量。在此期间，食物变得更便宜、更安全、更可靠。然而，这些变化也导致了栖息地的丧失和生物多样性的减少。此外，发展中国家对动物产品的需求增长如此之快，以至于到2050年每年需要额外增加3亿吨谷物才能满足需求。然而，城市和工业的发展正在减少许多地区可供农业使用的水资源。所有这一切意味着，21世纪的农业将与20世纪大不相同。

21.单选题

Inthemodernsociety,peopleoftenfeelcomfortablephysicallybutsufferalot（）.

问题1选项

A.moderately

B.naturally

C.biologically

D.psychologically

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。moderately“适度地，有节制地”；naturally“自然地”；biologically“生物学上地”；psychologically“精神上地，心理上地”。句意：在现代社会，人们经常感觉生理上是舒服的，但却遭遇心理上的问题。由but可知其前后内容性质相反，前面提到生理，故空格处应该填心理上地。

22.翻译题

1.Whenyouestablishasuccinct,easy-to-remembertheme,youletpeopleknowthatyouhaveawell-definedandthought-outpointofview.

2.Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthe

factthatonecannotlearnculture-onehastoliveit.

3.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingI

havetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattacktheobjectionableitemfirst.

4.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday'simagining.

【答案】1.当你建立一个简洁、容易记住的主题时，你让人们知道你有一个明确的且深思熟虑的观点。

2.在处理文化环境中最复杂的问题来自这样一个事实即一个人不能学习那种文化却又不得不生活在那样的环境里。

3.我发现自己转身撂下一份工作，或放在一堆要做的事情之后，我把桌上的一切清理干净，然后着手攻克一个有异议的项目。

4.但就在最近几年，它变得几乎难以置信的复杂，充满了奇怪的部分，其功能也超出了今日的想象力。

23.单选题

Themorepeoplearejammedtogether,themore（）andirrationaltheybecome.

问题1选项

A.mechanical

B.liable

C.hostile

D.earnest

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。mechanical“机械的，力学的”；liable“容易的”；hostile“对…有敌意的”；earnest“认真的，热心的”。句意：越多人堵在一起，他们就变得越（）和越缺乏理性。and表并列，由and后面的irrational可知空格处应填贬义词，只有C项是贬义词，故C项正确。

24.单选题

Eatingmorenutritiousfoodthanisneededdoesn'tmakeitfunctionbetter（）overfillingthetankmakesacarmovefaster.

问题1选项

A.notmorethan

B.lessthan

C.nomorethan

D.anymorethan

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。notmorethan不超过，至多，不比…更…；nomorethan只是，仅仅，同样不；lessthan比…少；anymorethan至多，仅仅。句意：吃过多超出身体需要的营养品并不会使身体更好，就如同给油箱加过多的油来使其快速前进一样。C项符合题意。

25.单选题

Theexperienceddriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit（）ontheway.

问题1选项

A.goeswrong

B.wouldgowrong

C.wentwrong

D.gowrong

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。lest“唯恐；以免”，常用于虚拟语气，谓语用“should+动词原形，should可以省略。故本题答案选项为D。句意：这位有经验的司机仔细检查了发动机以免在路上发生故障。

26.单选题

Freemedicalserviceis（）tonearlyallthecollegestudentsinChina.

问题1选项

A.favorite

B.available

C.convenient

D.average

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。favorite“最喜爱的”；available“可获得的”；convenient“方便的”；average“普通的，平均的”。句意：所有中国大学生都（）免费医疗服务。只有B项符合句意，beavailableto可得到…的，大学生能得到免费医疗服务。答案B

27.写作题

Directions:Answerthefollowingquestionwithnolessthan50words.RemembertowriteyouranswerclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.（5%）

WhoisConfucius（孔子）？

【答案】略

28.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark’'Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass"Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyouwilldotomakeyourlifemoremeaningful.Youshouldwriteatleast200words.PutyouressayonAnswerSheet.PartICloze

【答案】略

29.填空题

HowMarketersTargetKids

[A]Kidsrepresentanimportantdemographictomarketersbecausetheyhavetheirownpurchasingpower,theyinfluencetheirparents'buyingdecisionsandtheyaretheadultconsumersofthefuture.Industryspendingonadvertisingtochildrenhasexplodedinthepastdecade,increasingfromamere$100millionin1990tomorethan$2billionin2000.

[B]Parentstodayarewillingtobuymorefortheirkidsbecausetrendssuchassmallerfamilysize,dualincomesandpostponingchildrenuntillaterinlifemeanthatfamilieshavemoredisposableincome.Aswell,guiltcanplayaroleinspendingdecisionsastime-stressedparentssubstitutematerialgoodsfortimespentwiththeirkids.Herearesomeofthestrategiesmarketersemploytotargetkids:

PesterPower

[C]Today’skidshavemoreautonomyanddecision-makingpowerwithinthefamilythaninpreviousgenerations,soitfollowsthatkidsarevocalaboutwhattheywanttheirparentstobuy."Pesterpower"referstochildren’sabilitytonagtheirparentsintopurchasingitemstheymaynototherwisebuy.Marketingtochildrenisallaboutcreatingpesterpower,becauseadvertisersknowwhatapowerfulforceitcanbe.

[D]Accordingtothe2001marketingindustrybookKidfluence,pesteringornaggingcanbedividedintotwocategories—“persistence”and"importance".Persistencenagging（apleathatisrepeatedoverandoveragain）isnotaseffectiveasthemoresophisticate“importancenagging".Thislattermethodappealstoparents'desiretoprovidethebestfortheirchildren,andplaysonanyguilttheymayhaveaboutnothavingenoughtimefortheirkids.

TheMarriageofpsychologyandMarketing

[E]Toeffectivelymarkettochildren,advertisersneedtoknowwhatmakeskidstick.Withthehelpofwell-paidresearchersandpsychologists,advertisersnowhaveaccesstoin-depthknowledgeaboutchildren’sdevelopmental,emotionalandsocialneedsatdifferentages.Usingresearchthatanalyzeschildren’sbehavior,fantasylives,artwork,eventheirdreams,companiesareabletocraftsophisticatedmarketingstrategiestoreachyoungpeople.

[F]Theissueofusingchildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkidsgainedwidespreadpublicattentionin1999,whenagroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsissuedapubliclettertotheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation（APA.urgingthemtodeclarethepracticeunethical.TheAPAiscurrentlystudyingtheissue.

BuildingBrandNameLoyalty.

[G]CanadianauthorNaomiKleintracksthebirthof"brand"marketinginher2000bookNoLogo.AccordingtoKlein,themid-1980ssawthebirthofanewkindofcorporation—Nike,CalvinKlei