2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号14

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Thehistoryofsocialwork.

B.Socialworkasaprofession.

C.Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.

D.TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.

问题2选项

A.Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialbehavior.

B.Theyraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.

C.Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.

D.Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.21.

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.

B.TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.

C.Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.

D.Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.22.

问题4选项

A.Socialworks,joboptionsandresponsibilities.

B.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople’sneeds.

C.Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.

D.Thepromotionofsocialworkers’socialstatus.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Hi,I’mElizabethHoffler,MasterofSocialWork.I’masocialworker,alobbyistandaspecialassistanttotheExecutiveDirectorattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.[19]Todaywearegoingtobetalkingaboutbecomingasocialworker.Socialworkisthehelpingprofession.[20]Itsprimarymissionistoenhancehumanwell-beingandhelpmeetthebasicneedsofallpeople,withaparticularfocusonthosewhoarevulnerable,oppressed,andlivinginpoverty.Weoftendealwithcomplexhumanneeds.Socialworkisdifferentfromotherprofessions,becausewefocusonthepersonandenvironment.Wedealwiththeexternalfactorsthatimpactaperson’ssituationandoutlook.Andwecreateopportunityforassessmentandinterventiontohelpclientsandcommunitiescopeeffectivelywiththeirrealityandchangethatrealitywhennecessary.Inthousandsofwayssocialworkershelpotherpeople—peoplefromeveryage,everybackground,acrossthecountry.Whereverneeded,socialworkerscometohelp.Themostwell-knownaspectoftheprofessionisthatofasocialsafetynet.Wehelpguidepeopletocriticalresourcesandcounselthemonlife-changingdecisions.Therearemorethansixhundredthousandprofessionalsocialworkersinthecountry,and[21]wealleitherhaveabachelor’sdegree,amaster’sdegree,oraPhDinsocialwork.Therearemoreclinically-trainedsocialworkersthanclinically-trainedpsychiatrists,psychologistsandpsychiatricnursescombined.

Throughoutthisseries,youwilllearnmoreabouttheprofession,thenecessarystepstogetasocialworkdegree,therichhistoryofsocialworkandmanywaysthatsocialworkershelpothers.Laterinthisseries,you’llhearfromStacyCollinsandMelWilson,fellowsocialworkersattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.Stacyisgoingtowalkyouthroughthestep-by-stepprocessofbecomingasocialworker,and[22]Melwilltellyouabouttherangeofoptionsyouhaveonceyougetyoursocialworkdegree,aswellasthehighstandardsofresponsibilitythatsocialworkersmustadhereto.TheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkersrepresentsnearly145,000socialworkersacrossthecountry.Ourmissionistopromote,protectandadvancethesocialworkprofession.Wehopeyouenjoythisseriesabouthowyoucanmakeadifferencebybecomingasocialworker.Next,wearegoingtotalkaboutchoosingsocialwork.

19.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话者主要谈论的是什么？录音开头就提及：今天我们将讨论如何成为一名社会工作者。社会工作是助人的职业。B选项“作为一种职业的社会工作”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“社会工作的历史”在录音中并没有信息提及；C选项“社会工作申请人所需的学历”和D选项“全国社会工作者协会的目标”，虽然在原文中均有所涉及，但并不是谈话人主要谈论的话题，因此均可排除。

20.Whatdosocialworkersmainlydo?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问社工主要是做什么？说话者在介绍完主题之后，立马讲到：社工的主要任务是增进人类福祉，帮助满足所有人的基本需求，特别关注弱势群体以及受压迫和生活贫困的人。D选项“他们帮助提高弱势群体的福祉”符合原文表述，因此正确。A选项“他们试图改变人们的社会行为”；B选项“他们提高人们的环境意识”和C选项“他们为失业者创造很多机会”都不是他们主要做的事情，因此排除。

21.Whatdoprofessionalsocialworkershaveincommonaccordingtothespeaker?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问根据说话者，专业社会工作者有什么共同点？录音提到全国有60多万的专业社会工作者，他们都有社会工作的学士学位、硕士学位或者博士学位。也就是说，专业社会工作者的共同点是都有社会工作的学位，因此C选项“他们都有社会工作学位”正确。A选项“通过工作他们已大不相同”和D选项“他们都接受过严格的临床培训”是利用录音中的makeadifference和clinically-trained设置的干扰项；B选项“他们都是国家协会的成员”在录音中并未提及，因此排除。

22.WhatisMelWilsongoingtotalkaboutintheseries?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问MelWilson将在这个系列中谈论什么？录音的后半部分提到，稍后在本系列，MelWilson将会讲述在拿到社会工作的学位之后的择业范围，以及社会工作者必须坚守的高标准的责任。A选项“社工的工作选择和责任”是对录音原文的概括，因此正确。B选项“社会工作者满足人们需要的方式”；C选项“对社会工作者而言培训的重要性”以及D选项“社会工作者社会地位的提升”均不是MelWilson在本系列要讨论的内容，因此排除。

2.单选题

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itconsumesalmostaquarterofthebody’stotalenergy.

B.Itcontinuestoburnupcaloriestohelpusstayinshape.

C.Itusesupmuchlessenergythanitdoesindeepthinking.

D.Itremainsinactivewithoutburningcaloriesnoticeably.

问题2选项

A.Energyusagedevotedtoactivelearningaccountsforabigpartofit.

B.Muchoftheconsumptionhasnothingtodowithconsciousactivities.

C.Asignificantamountofitisforperformingdifficultcognitivetasks.

D.Ithassomethingtodowiththedifficultyoftheactivitiesinquestion.

问题3选项

A.Itisconducivetorelievingmentalexhaustion.

B.Itisaprerequisiteforanymentalactivity.

C.Itisbelievedtoremainbasicallyconstant.

D.Itisthoughttoberelatedtofoodconsumption.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

【解析】RecordingTwo

In1994,theWorldChessChampionshipwascalledoffabruptly,duetothewitheredframeofaplayerwhoiscompetingforthetitle.Hewasn’taloneinexperiencingtheextremephysicaleffectsofthegame.Eliteplayerscanreportedlyburnuptoanabsurd6,000caloriesinoneday.Doesthatmeanthatthinkingharderisasimpleroutetolosingweight?Well,[19]whenthebodyisatrest，weknowthatthebrainusesupastartling20%to25%ofthebody’soverallenergy.Thislevelofutilizationactuallymakesthebrainthemostenergy-expensiveorganinthebody,andyetitmakesuponly2%ofthebody’sweightoverall.

Sothemoreweputthisorgantowork,themorecalorieswe’llburn?Technically,theanswerisyes,forcognitivelydifficulttasks.Whatcountsasa“difficult”mentaltaskvariesbetweenindividuals.Butgenerally,itcouldbedescribedassomethingthatthebraincannotsolveeasilyusingpreviouslylearnedroutines,ortasksthatchangetheconditionscontinuously.However,deepthinkingwillnotburnoffthecaloriesgainedfromeatingasugarysnack.Becauseinrelationtothebrain’shugeoverallenergyusage,whichisdevotedtoamultitudeoftasks,theenergyrequiredjusttothinkharderisactuallycomparativelytiny.[20]We’reunconsciousofmostofwhatusesupthebrain’senergy.Alotofthatactivityisunrelatedtoconsciousactivitieslikelearninghowtosingorplaytheguitar.Thebrainisabletoallocateblood(andthusenergy)toparticularregionsthatarebeingactiveatthatpoint.But[21]theoverallenergyavailabilityinthebrainisthoughttobeconstant.So,whiletheremightbesignificantincreasesinenergyuseatlocalizedregionsofthebrainwhenweperformdifficultcognitivetasks,whenitcomestothewholebrain’senergybudgetoverall,theseactivitiesdon’tsignificantlyalterit.

So,whydidthechesschampiongrowtooskinnytocompeteinhischesscompetition?Thegeneralconsensusisthatitmostlycomesdowntostressandreducedfoodconsumption,notmentalexhaustion.Keepingyourbodypumpedupforactionforlongperiodsoftimeisveryenergy-demanding.Ifyoucan’teatasoftenorasmuchasyoucanorwouldnormally—thenyoumightloseweight.

19.Whatdowelearnaboutthebrainwhenthebodyisatrest?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问的是当身体处于静止状态时大脑的情况。说话者提及，当身体处于静止状态时，大脑会消耗身体总能量的20%到25%，A选项“它消耗的能量几乎占人体总能量的四分之一”是对原文录音的同义转换，因此正确。B选项“它继续燃烧卡路里，帮助我们保持体形”和C选项“它比在深度思考时消耗的能量更少”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除；D选项“它保持不活跃，没有明显燃烧卡路里”与录音表达恰好相反，因此不正确。

20.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheconsumptionofthebrain’senergy?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话者对大脑能量的消耗有什么看法？说话者提出，我们无从感觉到是什么消耗了大脑的能量，而这些消耗能量的活动大部分与有意识的活动无关，因此B选项“大部分消耗与有意识的活动无关”正确。A选项“用于主动学习的能量消耗占了很大一部分”在录音中并未提及；C选项“有相当一部分是用于执行困难的认知任务”和D选项“这与正在论及的活动的难度有关”。录音原文表述的是：当我们执行困难的认知任务时，大脑局部区域的能量使用可能会显著增加，但当涉及大脑的整体能量预算时，这些活动并不会使它有显著改变。C选项和D选项与原文表述不符，因此排除。

21.Whatdowelearnabouttheoverallenergyavailabilityinthebrain?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问我们了解到大脑中的整体能量供应是怎样的？录音中提到大脑中的总体能量供应是恒定的。因此C选项“人们认为它基本保持不变”正确。A选项“它有利于缓解精神疲惫”；B选项“它是任何心理活动的前提”以及D选项“它被认为与食物消耗有关”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。

3.单选题

（Presumably），thereisagoodreasonforherabsence,asshedoesnotusuallystayawayfromwork.

问题1选项

A.Maybe

B.Surprisingly

C.Therefore

D.Yet

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项Maybe“可能”；B选项Surprisingly“出乎意料地”；C选项Therefore“因此”；D选项Yet“但是”。句意：她缺席大概有充分的理由，因为她通常不会不上班的。划线部分Presumably是大概的意思。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

I’dratheryou（）meanewoneinsteadofhavingminerepairedasyoudid.

问题1选项

A.hadgiven

B.havegiven

C.gave

D.giving

【答案】A

【解析】虚拟语气语法知识考查。对过去事情的虚拟用haddone。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Fewpeoplecanidentifyitstexture.

B.Fewpeoplecandescribeitprecisely.

C.Itsrealvalueisopentointerpretation.

D.Itsimportanceisoftenover-estimated.

问题2选项

A.Ithasneverseenanychange.

B.Ithasmuchtodowithcolor.

C.Itisawell-protectedgovernmentsecret.

D.Itisasubjectofstudybymanyforgers.

问题3选项

A.Peoplehadlittlefaithinpapermoney.

B.Theycouldlastlongerincirculation.

C.Itpredictedtheirvaluewouldincrease.

D.Theyweremoredifficulttocounterfeit.

问题4选项

A.Thestabilizationofthedollarvalue.

B.Theissuingofgovernmentsecurities.

C.AgoldstandardforAmericancurrency.

D.AsteadyappreciationoftheU.S.dollar.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】RecordingThree

VirtuallyeveryAmericancanrecognizeadollarbillatamereglance.Manycanidentifyitbyitssoundortexture.[22]Butfewpeopleindeedcanaccuratelydescribetheworld’smostpowerful,importantcurrency.

TheAmericandollarbilliscoloredwithblackinkononesideandgreenontheother;[23]theexactcompositionofthepaperandinkisacloselyguardedgovernmentsecret.Despiteitsweightyimportance,thedollarbillactuallyweighslittle.Itrequiresnearly500billstotipthescalesatapound.Notonlyisthedollarbilllightweight,butitalsohasabrieflifespan.Fewdollarbillssurvivelongerthan18months.

Theword“dollar”istakenfromtheGermanword“taler”,thenamefortheworld’smostimportantcurrencyinthe16thcentury.Thetalerwasasilvercoinfirstmintedin1580underthereignofCharlesV,EmperorofGermany.

TheconceptofpapermoneyisarelativelyrecentinnovationinthehistoryofAmericancurrency.WhentheConstitutionwassigned,[24]peoplehadlittleregardforpapermoneybecauseofitssteadilydecreasingvalueduringthecolonialera.Becauseofthislackoffaith,thenewAmericangovernmentmintedonlycoinsforcommoncurrency.Interest-bearingbanknoteswereissuedatthesametime,buttheirpurposewaslimitedtoprovidingmoneyforurgentgovernmentcrisessuchasAmericaninvolvementintheWarof1812.Thefirstnon-interestbearingpapercurrencywasauthorizedbyCongressin1862attheheightoftheCivilWar.Atthispoint,citizens’oldfearsofdevaluedpapercurrencyhadcalmed,andthedollarbillwasborn.Thenewgreen-coloredpapermoneyquicklyearnedthenickname“greenback”.

Today,theAmericandollarbillisaproductoftheFederalReserve,andisissuedfromthetwelveFederalReservebanksaroundtheUnitedStates.Thegovernmentkeepsasteadysupplyofapproximatelytwobillionbillsincirculationatalltimes.

Controversycontinuestosurroundthetruevalueofthedollarbill.[25]AmericanhistoryhasseengenerationsofpoliticiansargueinfavorofagoldstandardforAmericancurrency.However,forthepresent,theAmericandollarbillholdsthevaluethatisprintedonit,andlittlemore.TheonlyotherguaranteeonthebillisaFederalReservepledgeasaconfirmationintheformofgovernmentsecurities.

22.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheAmericandollarbill?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问关于美元纸币，说话人说了什么？说话人说到，很少人能准确地描述（美元纸币）这一世界上最有影响力、最重要的货币。B选项中的describeitprecisely是录音原文中accuratelydescribe的同义替换，因此B选项“很少有人能准确地描述它”正确。A选项“很少有人能辨别它的质地”表述错误，录音中提及很多人能通过美元纸币的声音或质感（texture）辨别美元；C选项“美元的实际价值有待商榷”和D选项“它的重要性经常被高估”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

23.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheexactcompositionoftheAmericandollarbill?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于美元纸币具体的物质成分，说话人说了什么？说话人指出，美元纸币纸和墨的成分，是美国政府严格保守的秘密，C选项“这是政府严格保守的秘密”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它从来都没改变过”，录音中并没有讨论美元纸币物质成分的变化，因此可排除；B选项“它和颜色的关联很大”，录音中没有表明美元纸币的物质成分与颜色有关，因此可排除；D选项“它是许多伪造者研究的课题”录音中没有信息提及，因此可排除。

24.WhydidthenewAmericangovernmentmintonlycoinsforcommoncurrency?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问为什么新美国政府只用硬币作为流通的货币？录音提到，美国宪法签署生效的当时，人们并不尊重纸币，由于民众不信任纸币，新政府就只用硬币作为流通的货币，A选项“人们不太相信纸币”符合录音原文，因此正确。B选项“硬币在流通中可以使用得更久”；C选项“新美国政府预测硬币的价值会上涨”和D选项“硬币更难伪造”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

25.WhathavegenerationsofAmericanpoliticiansarguedfor?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问几代美国政客一直以来都在争论什么？录音提到，美国政客几代人以来都在讨论赞不赞成为美国货币设立金本位制。因此C选项“美国货币的金本位制”正确。A选项“美元价值的稳定”和B选项“政府证券的发行”在录音中虽有信息提及，但它们均不是美国政客几代人一直在讨论的问题；D选项“美元的稳定升值”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。

6.单选题

Hebelievesthatit’swrongthatsomepeopleshouldenjoywealth,privilege,influenceandpowersolely（）anaccidentofbirth.

问题1选项

A.onthegroundof

B.forthesakeof

C.inviewof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词词组辨析。onthegroundof“以……为理由，因为”；forthesakeof“为了……的利益”；inviewof“鉴于，考虑到”；byvirtueof“由于，凭借”。句意：他认为有些人一出生就可以享受财富、特权和权势的观点是错误的。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Hemanagedtostayinpowerforoverfiveyears,（）allthecriticismandthepressureonhimtoresign.

问题1选项

A.withstanding

B.withholding

C.withdrawing

D.witnessing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形似动词辨析。withstand“抵挡，禁得起，反抗”；withhold“克制，忍住”；withdraw“取款；回收；撤退”；witness“目击”。句意：他成功掌权五年多，经受住了各种批判和要他下台的压力。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Wemustalsounderstandhowto（）betweenwhatshouldberememberedandwhatshouldbeforgotten.

问题1选项

A.differentiate

B.distinct

C.disengage

D.entangle

【答案】A

【解析】形近异义词解析。differentiate“区别，区分”；distinct“明显的”；disengage“使脱离，解开”，entangle“使纠缠，卷人”。句意：我们必须明白将需要记住的事和需要忘掉的事区分开来。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Whenluckplaysarole.

B.Whetherpracticemakesperfect.

C.Whatdeterminessuccess.

D.Howimportantnaturaltalentis.

问题2选项

A.Itknocksatyourdooronlyonceinawhile.

B.Itmeansbeinggoodatseizingopportunities.

C.Itissomethingthatnoonecanpossiblycreate.

D.Itcomesnaturallyoutofone’sself-confidence.

问题3选项

A.Practiceisessentialtobecominggoodatsomething.

B.Oneshouldalwaysbereadytoseizeopportunities.

C.Onemusthavenaturaltalenttobesuccessful.

D.Luckrarelycontributestoaperson’ssuccess.

问题4选项

A.Peoplewholovewhattheydocarelittleaboutmoney.

B.Beingpassionateaboutworkcanmakeonewealthy.

C.Puttingtimeandeffortintofunthingsisprofitable.

D.Peopleinneedofmoneyworkhardautomatically.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:IhavemanyBusinessEnglishstudents.[5]WhenIteachtheclassroom,weoftenenduptalkingaboutthingslikesuccessandwhatleadstosuccess.Andit’sinterestingthatmanyofthemmentiontheelementofluck.

M:Right.

W:Luckisimportanttosuccess.Butsinceyou’veseenthatfantasticvideoontheTedtalk’swebsitebyRichardSt.John,hedoesn’tmentionluckatall.

M:Well,I’mafirmbelieverthatpeoplecanmaketheirownluck.Imeanwhatpeopleregardasluck,youcanactuallycreatetoadegree.

W:Sure.[6]Ithinkalotofwhatpeopleconsiderluckisattributedtohowyourespondtotheopportunitiesthatcomeyourway.

M:Yes,verygoodpoint.

W:[6]Seizingtheopportunities.Butwasthereanypointinthevideothatyouthoughtwasparticularlyinteresting?

M:Yes,actuallytherewas.Somethingveryimpressivetomeismanypeoplethinkthatluckisimportantandthatnaturaltalentissomethingyoumusthaveinordertobesuccessful.[7]Andinthevideowesaw,thepointaboutgettinggoodatsomethingisnotabouthavingsomenaturaltalent,it’sallaboutpractice,practice,practice...

W:Definitelyyeah.Naturaltalenthelpsinsomeway.Butattheendoftheday,youreallydoneedtoworkhardandgetreally,reallygoodatwhatyoudo.

M:Sure.

W:Ithoughtoneinterestingthinginthevideowastheideaofpassionbeingsoimportantandthatpeoplewhoreallylovewhattheydo.Ofcourseyou’regoingtowanttoworkharderandputthetimeandeffortintoit.[8]Andthefunnythingisthatifyoulovewhatyoudoandarereallypassionateaboutitandworkreallyhard,themoneykindofcomesautomatically.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问说话者主要在谈论什么？录音开头，女士就提到她在教学课堂上经常会讨论“成功”这个话题以及什么因素导致了成功。由此可知C选项“什么决定了成功”正确。A选项“幸运什么时候发挥作用”，录音只是提及幸运对于成功的作用，并没有提及什么时候发挥作用，因此可排除；B选项“是否熟能生巧”和D选项“个人天赋如何重要”在录音中虽有提及，但都不是说话人谈论的主要内容，因此也可排除。

6.Whatisthewoman’sviewofluck?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问女士是如何看待运气的？录音中，女士提到运气对成功来说是很重要，但是否有运气其实主要是看我们能否把握机会。B选项“运气意味着善于把握机会”符合录音原文，因此正确。A选项“幸运有时会自己找上门”和D选项“幸运自然来自于一个人的自信”在录音中均没有信息提及。C选项“幸运是任何人都不可能创造出来的”，录音中，男士提到一定程度上幸运是需要我们自己创造的，女士对此表示认同，因此C选项错误。

7.WhatisthechiefpointtheTedtalk’svideomakes?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问Ted演讲视频的要点是什么？录音中，男士提到，Ted演讲视频里强调一个人是否擅长做某事并不是取决于其个人天赋，而是要靠不断地练习。因此A选项“要想擅长某件事，练习是必不可少的”正确。B选项“一个人应该随时准备抓住机会”在录音中是女士所提出的观点，并不是Ted演讲视频的要点，因此不正确；C选项“一个人必须拥有天赋才能获得成功”与Ted演讲视频里强调的内容不符，因此可排除；D选项“运气很难促进一个人的成功”录音中女士提到，RichardSt.John在Ted演讲网站上的精彩视频，他一点都没提到运气。因此D选项也不正确。

8.WhatdoesthewomanthinkisthefunnythingintheTedtalk’svideo?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问女士认为Ted演讲视频中最有趣的事情是什么？录音最后，女士说她认为视频演讲内容中有一点很有趣：若一个人喜欢他所做的事情，对所从事的工作抱有热情，并努力做好工作，那金钱自然就会来。B选项中的passionateabout...为录音原词复现，wealthy对应录音中的es。因此B选项“对工作的热情可以使人富有”正确。A选项“热爱工作的人不太关心金钱”；C选项“把时间与精力投放在有趣的事情上是有利可图的”和D选项“需要钱的人会自动努力工作”均不正确。

10.单选题

ThousandsofMedicarepatientswithchronicmedicalconditionshavebeenwrongly（）accesstonecessarycare.

问题1选项

A.grudged

B.denied

C.negated

D.invalidated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。grudge“怀恨”；deny“否认，拒绝”；negate“否认，无效”，比较正式；invalidate“使无效”。句意：成千上万患有长期慢性病的医保病人没有得到正确的必要治疗。选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Alongthelow-lyingColoradoRiver.

B.AttheDinosaurNationalMonument.

C.AlongtheborderoftheU.S.andCanada.

D.Atmuseumsofnaturalhistoryinlargecities.20.

问题2选项

A.Volcanicexplosionscouldbringwholeanimalspeciestoextinction.

B.Somenaturaldisasterkilledawholeherdofdinosaursinthearea.

C.Thepitshouldbecarefullypreservedforthestudyofdinosaurs.

D.Thewholeregionmusthavebeenstruckbyadevastatingflood.21.

问题3选项

A.Theyfloateddownaneastwardflowingriver.

B.Theylayburieddeepinthesandformillionsofyears.

C.Theywereskeletonsofdinosaursinhabitingthelocality.

D.Theywereremainsofdinosaurskilledinavolcanicexplosion.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Thepartialskeletonsofmorethan20dinosaursandscatteredbonesofabout300morehavebeendiscoveredinUtahandColoradoatwhatisnowtheDinosaurNationalMonument.[19]ManyofthebestspecimensmaybeseentodayatmuseumsofnaturalhistoryinthelargercitiesoftheUnitedStatesandCanada.Thisdinosaurpitisthelargestandbest-preserveddepositofdinosaursknowntoday.[20]Manypeoplegettheideafromthemassivebonesinthepitwallthatsomedisaster,suchasavolcanicexplosionorasuddenflood,killedawholeherdofdinosaursinthisarea.Thiscouldhavehappened,butitprobablydidnot.

Themainreasonsforthinkingotherwisearethescatteredbonesandthethicknessofthedeposit.Inotherdepositswheretheanimalswerethoughttohavediedtogether,theskeletonswereusuallycompleteandoftenalltheboneswereintheirproperplaces.Roundedpiecesoffossilbonehavebeenfoundhere.Thesefragmentsgottheirsmooth,roundshapebyrollingalongthestreambottom.Inamasskilling,theboneswould’vebeenleftonthestreamorlakebottomtogetheratthesamelevel.Butinthisdeposit,thebonesoccurthroughoutazoneofsandstoneabout12feetthick.

Themixtureofswampdwellersanddrylandtypesalsoseemstoindicatethatthedepositisamixturefromdifferentplaces.Thepitareaisalargedinosaurgraveyard—notaplacewheretheydied.[21]Mostoftheremainsprobablyfloateddownaneastwardflowingriveruntiltheywereleftonashallowsandbar.Someofthemmayhavecomefromfarawaydrylandareastothewest.Perhapstheydrownedtryingtocrossasmallstream,orwashedawayduringfloods.Someoftheswampdwellersmayhavegotstuckintheverysandbarthatbecametheirgrave.Othersmayhavefloatedformilesbeforebeingstranded.

Eventoday,similareventstakeplace:whenfloodscomeinthespring,sheep,cattle,anddeerareoftentrappedbyrisingwatersandoftendrown.Theirdeadbodiesfloatdownstreamuntilthefloodre-cedes,andleavesthemstrandedonabarorshorewheretheylie,halfburiedinthesanduntiltheydecay.EarlytravelersontheMissouriRiverreportedthatshoresandbarswereoftenlinedwiththedecayingbodiesofbuffalothathaddiedduringspringfloods.

19.WherecanmanyofthebestdinosaurspecimensbefoundinNorthAmerica?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问在北美哪里可以找到许多最好的恐龙标本？录音中提到，如今可以在美国和加拿大一些大城市的自然历史博物馆里看到许多最好的标本，因此D选项“大城市的自然历史博物馆”与录音原文一致，因此正确。A选项“地势低洼的科罗拉多河沿岸”；B选项“国家恐龙纪念遗址”；录音开头提到，美国犹他州和科罗拉多州是恐龙骨骼的发掘地，如今被称为DinosaurNationalMonument，并不是标本保存的地方，因此A选项和B选项均可排除；C选项“美国和加拿大的边界沿线”，录音中提到了美国和加拿大，但并未提到边界，因此不正确。

20.Whatoccurstomanypeoplewhentheyseethemassivebonesinthepitwall?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问很多人看到坑壁里巨大的骨骼时会想到什么？录音中提到，许多人看到巨坑中的恐龙骨骼，认为是一些自然灾害使得一大群的恐龙葬身在这片区域，B选项“一些自然灾害导致该地区一群恐龙死亡”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“火山爆发使得整个动物群灭绝”和D选项“整片地区一定是被洪流淹没的”表述过于绝对，录音中均没有明确的信息可以证明，因此可排除；C选项“这个巨坑应该小心保存下来用作恐龙研究”在录音中未提及，因此不选。

21.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestaboutthelargenumberofdinosaurbonesfoundinthepit?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问说话人对于在巨坑中发现的大量恐龙骨骼有什么看法？录音中提到，大部分遗骸可能是顺着河流向东漂流而下，最后留在了一个浅滩上。A选项“它们顺着河流向东漂流而下”正确。B选项“它们被深埋在沙子里达数百万年之久”和C选项“它们是栖息在当地的恐龙的骨骼”在录音中并没有提及；D选项“它们是死于火山喷发的恐龙的遗骸”最具有干扰性，主要是利用录音中的volcanicexplosion设置干扰，录音中虽然明确提及火山喷发可能造成大群恐龙死于巨坑之中是其他人的观点，并不是说话人的观点，因此可排除。

12.单选题

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theycanpredictfutureevents.

B.Theyhavenospecialmeanings.

C.Theyhaveculturalconnotations.

D.Theycannotbeeasilyexplained.

问题2选项

A.Itwascanceledduetobadweather.

B.Sheoversleptandmissedtheflight.

C.Shedreamedofaplanecrash.

D.Itwaspostponedtothefollowingday.

问题3选项

A.Theycanbeaffectedbypeople’schildhoodexperiences.

B.Theymaysometimesseemridiculoustoarationalmind.

C.Theyusuallyresultfrompeople’sunpleasantmemories.

D.Theycanhaveanimpactasgreatasrationalthinking.

问题4选项

A.Theycallforscientificmethodstointerpret.

B.Theymirrortheirlong-cherishedwishes.

C.Theyreflecttheircomplicatedemotions.

D.Theyareoftenrelatedtoirrationalfeelings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】ConversationTwo

M:[5]Doyouthinkdreamshavespecialmeanings?

W:[5]No,Idon’tthinktheydo.

M:[5]Idon’teither.Butsomepeopledo.Iwouldsaypeoplewhobelievethatdreamshavespecialmeaningsaresuperstitious,especiallynowadays.Inthepast,duringthetimesofancientEgypt,GreeceorChina,peopleusedtobelievethatdreamscouldforeseethefuture.Buttoday,withallthescientificknowledgethatwehave,Ithinkit’smuchhardertobelieveinthesesortsofthings.

W:Mygrandmotherissuperstitious,andshethinksdreamscanpredictthefuture.[6]Onceshedreamedthattheflightshewasduetotakethefollowingdaycrashed.Canyouguesswhatshedid?Shedidn’ttakethatflight.Shedidn’tevenbothertogototheairportthefollowingday.Insteadshetookthesameflight,butaweeklater,andeverythingwasfine,ofcourse.Noplaneevercrashed.

M:Howfunny!Didyouknowthatflyingisactuallysaferthananyothermodeoftransport?It’sbeenstatisticallyproven.Peoplecanbesoirrationalsometimes.

W:Yes,absolutely.Butevenifwethinkthey’reridiculous,[7]emotionscanbejustaspowerfulasrationalthinking.

M:Exactly,peopledoallsortsofcrazythingsbecauseoftheirirrationalfeelings,butinfact,somepsychologistsbelievethatourdreamsaretheresultofouremotionsandmemoriesfromthatday.IthinkitwasSigmundFreudwhosaidthatchildren’sdreamswereusuallysimplerepresentationsoftheirwishes—thingstheywishedwouldhappen.Butinadults,[8]dreamsaremuchmorecomplicatedreflectionsoftheirmoresophisticatedsentiments.

W:Isn’titinterestinghowpsychologiststrytounderstandusingthescientificmethodsomethingasbizarreasdreams?Psychologyisliketherationalstudyofirrationalfeelings.

5.Whatdobothspeakersthinkofdreams?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问的是两位说话者对梦的看法。对话开头，男士询问女士是否认为梦具有特殊意义，女士给出否定回答，接着男士说“我也不这么认为”，表明他与女士看法一致，因此B选项“它们没有特殊意义”符合录音原文。A选项“它们能够预测未来发生的事情”，这是古埃及、古希腊和中国古代的人们的看法，并不是说话者的看法，因此不正确；C选项“它们蕴含着文化意义”和D选项“它们很难解释”在录音中均未提及。

6.Whydidn’tthewoman’sgrandmothertakeherscheduledflight?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问为什么这位女士的祖母没有乘坐她预定的航班？录音中女士提及她的祖母相信梦可以预测未来，有一次因为梦见自己第二天要乘坐的飞机坠毁了（theflight...crashed），她就没有坐那趟航班，甚至连机场也没去。C选项“她梦见飞机失事”是录音原文的同义表达，因此正确。A选项“由于天气不好取消了”；B选项“她睡过头，错过了航班”和D选项“推迟到了第二天”在录音中均未提及，因此可排除。

7.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutpeople’semotions?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问的是女士关于人的情绪的看法。录音中女士提及即使人们有时候很荒唐，但情绪的力量并不亚于理性思考。D选项“它们的影响力不亚于理性思考”是录音原文的同义表述，因此正确。A选项“它们会受到人们童年经历的影响”和C选项“它们通常是由人们不愉快的记忆引起的”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除；B选项“相比于理性思维，它们有时会显得很可笑”，虽然是女士说的，但这是女士对男士的上一句话“人们有时会很不理智”表示赞同，并且着重想强调的还是后半部分：情绪的力量并不亚于理性思考，因此B选项也不选。

8.WhatdidpsychologistSigmundFreudsayaboutadults’dreams?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问心理学家弗洛伊德对成人的梦的看法。男士提到，弗洛伊德将儿童的梦与成人的梦进行了对比阐释，认为成人的梦更为复杂，反映了他们复杂的情感。C选项“反映了他们复杂的情感”是录音原文的复现，因此正确。A选项“它们需要用科学的方法来阐释”，利用录音中出现的thescientificmethod设置的干扰，这并不是弗洛伊德的看法，所以排除；B选项“反映了他们长期以来的愿望”，这是弗洛伊德对儿童的梦的看法，不是成人的梦，因此排除；D选项“它们通常与非理性情绪相关”，利用录音中的irrationalfeelings设置干扰，这是男士的个人观点，与弗洛伊德的看法无关，因此也不选。

13.单选题

MysurnameisaverycommononeinNorthChina,andIhaveeverbeeninaclassforfortystudentsinwhichsixotherpeoplehadthesamesurname!Afriendofminecommentedthatitwas

“toomuchofagoodthing!”

问题1选项

A.isaverycommonone

B.haveeverbeenin

C.fortystudentsinwhichsixother

D.Afriendofmine–commented

E.没有问题

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。Ever改成once。在疑问句中使用haveeverbeen的形式，表示曾经。此处应用haveoncebeen。

14.单选题

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Abilitiesofhumanbabies.

B.Adults’influenceonchildren.

C.Cognitivefeaturesofdifferentnewlybornmammals.

D.Similaritiesbetweenhumanbabiesan