2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号59

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

TheeconomicexpansionpromptedbytheSecondWorldWartriggeredaspectacularpopulationboomintheWest.Ofcourse,theregionwasnostrangertopopulationbooms.Throughoutmuchofitshistory,westernsettlementhadbeencharacterizedbyspurts,ratherthanbyapatternofgradualandsteadypopulationgrowth,beginningwiththegoldandsilverrushesofthe1850’sand1860’s.ThedecadeaftertheFirstWorldWar—the1920’s—witnessedanothermajorsurgeofpeoplepouringintotheWest,particularlyintourbanareas.Buttheeconomicdepressionofthe1930’sbroughtthisexpansiontoahalt;someofthemoresparselysettledpartsoftheregionactuallylostpopulationasmigrantssoughtworkinmoreheavilyindustrializedareas.By1941whentheUnitedStatesenteredtheSecondWorldWarandbegantomobilize,newjobopportunitieswerecreatedinthewesternpartofthenation.

Iftheexpansionofindustries,suchasshipbuildingandaircraftmanufacturing,wasmoststrikingonthepacificcoast,italsoaffectedinteriorcitieslikeDenver.Phoenix,andSaltLakeCity,EquallydramaticweretheeffectsoftheestablishmentofaluminumplantsisOregonandWashingtonandtheburgeoningsteelindustryinUtahandCalifornia.Theflowofpeopleintotheseareasprovidedanenormousimpetustotheexpansionoftheserviceindustries—banks,healthcareservicesandschools.Althoughstrainedtothelimitbytheinfluxofnewcomers,westerncommunitieswelcomedthevastreservoirofnewjobopportunities.Atthesametime,theunprecedentedexpansionofgovernmentinstallationsintheWest,suchasmilitarybases,createdthousandsofnewcivilianopenings.Aslandhadservedasamagnetforwesternmigrantsinthelatenineteenthcentury,sowartimemobilizationsetinmotion.

Thereisanothermajorexpansionofpopulation.Indeed,itcouldbesaidthattheentirewesternUnitedStatesbecameagiantboomtownduringtheSecondWorldWar.ThiswasespeciallytrueofCalifornia:OfmorethaneightmillionpeoplewhomovedintotheWestinthedecadeafter1940,one-halfwenttothePacificcoast.Infact,between1940and1950,California’spopulationsurgedbymorethanthreemillionpeople.

16.Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?

17.Theword“triggered”isclosetinmeaningto________.

18.Whydoestheauthormention“thegoldandsilverrushesofthe1850’sand1860’s”inthefirstparagraph?

19.Accordingtothepassage,thedepressionofthe1930’scausedwhichofthefollowing?

20.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheshipbuildingindustryissuggestedbythepassage?

问题1选项

A.CaliforniadominatedtheeconomicgrowthoftheWestduringtheSecondWorldWar.

B.Industrialgrowthduringthe1940’sattractedlargenumbersofpeopletotheWest.

C.Themilitarydrewpeopleawayfromcivilianjobsthe1940’s.

D.TheWestexperiencedgradualandsteadyeconomicgrowthfrom1900to1940.

问题2选项

A.wasconnectedto

B.generated

C.interferedwith

D.illuminated

问题3选项

A.Ascausesofgradualpopulationgrowth.

B.Ascontraststolatepatternsofpopulationgrowth.

C.Asillustrationsofamarketeconomy.

D.Asexamplesofwesternpopulationbooms.

问题4选项

A.AlackofpopulationgrowthintheWest.

B.Thebuildingofnewsuburbs.

C.Acreationofmorejobopportunities.

D.Agrowthinimmigrationfromabroad.

问题5选项

A.ItcameintobeingduringtheFirstWorldWar.

B.ManynewshipbuildingyardswereestablishedonthePacificcoastduringthe1940’s.

C.Denverwasconsideredtobeapoorlocationforshipbuildingfactories.

D.ShipbuildingwasthedominantindustryinOregonandWashington.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】16.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲经济扩张使西部人口激增，第二段讲述工业发展吸引人到西方，又因为人口流动推动服务业发展创造许多工作机会，再次推动人口流向这里，第三段具体讲述人口的流动情况，所以B选项“20世纪40年代的工业发展吸引了大量的人到西方”正确。A选项“加州在第二次世界大战期间主导了西部的经济增长”：根据第二段第二句Phoenix,andSaltLakeCity,EquallydramaticweretheeffectsoftheestablishmentofaluminumplantsisOregonandWashingtonandtheburgeoningsteelindustryinUtahandCalifornia.（俄勒冈州和华盛顿州的铝厂的建立，以及犹他州和加利福尼亚州蓬勃发展的钢铁工业，都产生了同样引人注目的影响。），可知不只加州推动了经济增长，表述错误。C选项“20世纪40年代，军事工业把人们从文职工作中吸引过来”：根据第二段倒数第二句theunprecedentedexpansionofgovernmentinstallationsintheWest,suchasmilitarybases,createdthousandsofnewcivilianopenings.（西部政府设施的空前扩张，如军事基地，出现数千个新的平民的工作机会。），创造的新的工作机会大多被移民进来的平民消化，而不是把做文职工作的人转移到军事行业。D选项“从1900年到1940年，西方经历了缓慢而稳定的经济增长”文章没有提到。因此B选项正确。

17.语义推测题。Trigger的意思为“触发，引发”。根据第一段第一句TheeconomicexpansionpromptedbytheSecondWorldWartriggeredaspectacularpopulationboomintheWest.（第二次世界大战引起的经济扩张在西部引发了大规模的人口激增。），可推测这里在讲经济扩张和人口激增的关系，结合第一段第三句westernsettlementhadbeencharacterizedbyspurts,ratherthanbyapatternofgradualandsteadypopulationgrowth,beginningwiththegoldandsilverrushesofthe1850’sand1860’s.（从19世纪50年代和19世纪60年代的淘金热开始，美国西部移民的特点是人口的快速增长，而不是逐渐稳定的增长模式。），可推测经济扩张导致人口激增，所以B选项“引发”正确；A选项“有联系”不具体，不是最佳答案；C选项“妨碍”和D选项“照亮”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

18.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句TheeconomicexpansionpromptedbytheSecondWorldWartriggeredaspectacularpopulationboomintheWest.（第二次世界大战引起的经济扩张在美国西部引发了大规模的人口激增。）和第二句Ofcourse,theregionwasnostrangertopopulationbooms.（当然，该地区对人口激增并不陌生。），接着举出例子，可知这一段通过论点和例子表达西部人口激增，所以D选项“作为西部人口激增的例子”正确。A选项“作为人口逐渐增长的原因”和B选项“与人口增长的后期模式形成对比”不是表达的重点。C选项“作为市场经济的例证”文章没有提到。因此D选项正确。

19.事实细节题。根据第一段第四句和第五句witnessedanothermajorsurgeofpeoplepouringintotheWest,particularlyintourbanareas.Buttheeconomicdepressionofthe1930’sbroughtthisexpansiontoahalt（见证了另一场大规模的人口涌入美国西部，尤其是涌入城市地区的浪潮。但是20世纪30年代的经济萧条使这种扩张停止了），这个扩张指的是人口涌入西方，所以经济萧条导致人口增长停滞，A选项“西部缺乏人口增长”正确，D选项“国外移民的增长”错误。B选项“新郊区的建设”和C选项“创造更多的就业机会”跟经济萧条无关。因此A选项正确。

20.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段第一句By1941…newjobopportunitieswerecreatedinthewesternpartofthenation.Iftheexpansionofindustries,suchasshipbuildingandaircraftmanufacturing,wasmoststrikingonthepacificcoast…（到1941年……美国西部地区创造了新的就业机会。如果说造船和飞机制造等工业的扩张在太平洋沿岸最为显著……），可知B选项“20世纪40年代，太平洋沿岸建立了许多新的造船厂”正确，C选项“人们认为在丹佛办造船工厂的位置不好”没有提到。A选项“在第一次世界大战期间形成”：文章没有提到第一次世界大战期间的情况，而是在那之后美国西部的情况。D选项“造船是俄勒冈州和华盛顿州的主导产业”：根据第二段第二句EquallydramaticweretheeffectsoftheestablishmentofaluminumplantsisOregonandWashington（俄勒冈州和华盛顿州建立铝厂所产生的影响也同样引人注目），不可得出造船是俄勒冈州和华盛顿州的主导产业，属于过度推断。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Despitehisoccasionalfondnessforgambling,heisstillconsideredasagoodboy______.

问题1选项

A.asthewhole

B.forthewhole

C.bythewhole

D.onthewhole

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项asthewhole和D选项onthewhole都意为“总的来说”，asthewhole强调把部分和整体作为为两方面，相当于分分结构，onthewhole强调整体包含部分，相当于分总结构；B选项forthewhole和C选项bythewhole非固定搭配。句意：尽管他有偶尔赌博的嗜好，______他仍然被认为是一个好孩子。根据语境，这里强调赌博的嗜好是整体是好孩子的一部分，D选项onthewhole符合题意。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnow_______forit.

问题1选项

A.neverworse

B.nonethebetter

C.nonetheworse

D.neverbetter

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项“从来没有更糟的”；B选项“没有更好”；C选项“没有更差”；D选项“从来没有这么好”。句意：这个可怜的女孩在医院里住了半年多，但现在_______。根据语境，这里指女孩在医院待了很久，病情没有好转，所以B选项“没有更好”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Ateverystageofearlydevelopment,humanbabieslagbehindinfantsfromotherspecies.Akittencanambleacrossaroomwithinmomentsofbirthandcatchitsfirstmousewithinweeks,whileitswide-eyedhumancounterparttakesmonthstomakeherfirststep,andyearstolearnevensimpletasks,suchashowtotieashoelaceorskiparope,letaloneprepareathree-coursemeal.Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.Asadults,wedrivefancysportscars,leapnimblyacrossfootballfieldsandballetstages,writelengthydissertationsoneveryconceivablesubject,andlaunchrocketsintospace.Wehaveamasteryoverourselvesandourenvironmentsthatispeculiartoourspecies.

Yet,thisvictoryseemspuzzling.Inthefable,thetortoisewinstheracebecausetheharetakesanap.But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.Howdohumanbabiesmangetoturnthingsaroundintheend?

InarecentarticleinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience,SharonThompson-Schill,MichaelRamscarandEvangeliaChrysikoumakethecasethatthisveryhelplessnessiswhatallowshumanbabiestoadvancefarbeyondotheranimals.Theyproposethatourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage,thatmakeupthefoundationsofhumanachievement.Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,ourabilitytolearnlanguagecomesatthepriceofanextendedperiodofcognitiveimmaturity.

Thisclaimhingesonapeculiaranduniquefeatureofourcognitivearchitecture:thestunninglyslowdevelopmentoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC).Whileotheranimals’brainregionsdevelopmentinsynchrony,inhumans,thedevelopmentofthePFClagsfarbehindthatofotherareas.ThePFCistheswathofgraymatterthatmakesuptheanteriorfrontallobes,andfunctionally,itappearstobeheavilyimplicatedinawide-rangeofsophisticatedplanningandattentiondrivenbehaviors.Indeed,itisoftenreferredtoasthe“control”centerofthebrain.Oneofitsmainfunctionsappearstobethatofselectivelyfilteringinformationfromthesenses,allowingustoattendtospecificactions,goals,ortasks.Forthisreason,“cognitivecontrol”tasksarethoughttobeoneofthebestassessorsofPFCfunctionandmaturity,andtheyareteststhatyoungchildrenreliably,andignominiously,fail.

TheStrooptaskservesasasimpleassessorofPFCfunctioninadults.Thetaskinvolvesnamingtheinkcolorofacontrastingcolorword:forexample,youmightseetheword“red”writteningreenink,inwhichcaseyouhavetosay“green”.Thetask(saying“red”inresponsetoseeingthewordred)withanewresponsespecifictothetask(namingtheconflictinginkcolor).Trickyornot,healthyadultscansuccessfullycompetethetaskwithonlyminorhesitation.

Children,withtheirimmaturePFC’s,areadifferentstory.Typically,theyoungerchildrenare,theworsetheyareatsolvingStroop—liketasks,andundertheageoffour,theyoutrightfailthem.Whileyoungchildrenaresensitive,aptlearners,andoftenappeartofullyunderstandwhatisbeingaskedofthem,theyareunabletomediatetheconflictingdemandspresentinthesesortsoftasks,andthusfailthem,timeandtimeagain.Three-yearoldssimplycannotdirecthowtheyattendtoorrespondtotheworld.

31.WhydoestheauthorcomparehumanbabiestothetortoiseinAesop’sfable?

32.Whyarehumanbabies“helpless”accordingtothetext?

33.WhatisthepurposeofmentioninghumanlarynxinParagraph3?

34.Whatisthefunctionoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC)?

35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthe“Strooptask”？

问题1选项

A.Theyhaveamasteryoverthemselves.

B.Theylagbehindatbeginningandthenslowlycatchup.

C.Theyaresuperiortoinfantsfromotherspecies.

D.Theyarequiteslowincognitivedevelopment.

问题2选项

A.Theydon’thavethebasicskillsnecessaryforsurvival.

B.Theynapmoreoftenthaninfantsofotherspecies.

C.Theyarenotsopersistentasthetortoise.

D.Theyarenotquicklearnersasinfantsofotherspecies.

问题3选项

A.Toshowthepeculiarfunctionofhumanlarynx.

B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofhumanlanguage.

C.Toexplainthereasonsforourearlycognitiveimmaturity.

D.Toindicatehowhumandevelopspeeches.

问题4选项

A.Tocollectinformationfromthesenses.

B.Tohelpperformsophisticatedplanningandattention-drivenbehaviors.

C.Tocontrolthedevelopmentofotherareasofthebrain.

D.Toenablehumanbeingstocarryoutadvancetasks.

问题5选项

A.Childrenwouldfailsuchtaskduetotheirinabilitytounderstandthetaskrequirements.

B.ThetaskisoftenusedtoassessthematurityofPF

C.C.Thetaskrequiresthesubjectstomakeresponsescontradictorytothewell-learnedones.

D.Adultscouldcompletethetasksuccessfullywithonlylittlehesitation.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】31.推理判断题。根据第一段第三句Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.（然而，在认知方面，人类婴儿很像伊索寓言中的乌龟：缓慢而稳定地爬到终点后，胜利出现。），可知人类婴儿和乌龟的相似在于慢慢走，最终却能胜利，所以B选项“他们一开始落后，然后慢慢地赶上来了”正确，D选项“他们的认知发展相当缓慢”不是表达的重点，故错误。A选项“他们能掌控自己”和C选项“他们优于其他物种的婴儿”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。

32.推理判断题。根据第二段第四、五句Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.（和高贵的乌龟不同，婴儿是无助的，更确切地说，是绝望的。即使他们尝试，他们也学不到独立生存所必需的基本技能。），可知人类婴儿无助是因为A选项“他们没有生存所需的基本技能”。B选项“他们比其他物种的婴儿更经常打盹”：根据第二段第三句But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!（但是，如果说有什么不同的话，那就是人类的婴儿比小猫更喜欢打盹！），这里是说人和猫的不同，而不是解释为什么人类婴儿无助，故错误。C选项“他们不像乌龟那样固执”和D选项“他们不像其他物种的婴儿一样快速学习”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

33.推理判断题。根据第三段ourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage…Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,ourabilitytolearnlanguagecomesatthepriceofanextendedperiodofcognitiveimmaturity.（我们大脑皮层发育迟缓恰恰是我们获得文化基础的原因，比如语言……的确，这三人清楚地表明，我们早期的脆弱是一种进化上的“工程权衡”，就像人类的喉头一样——虽然喉头有助于人类复杂的语言表达，但对于任何想要安全吞下食物的人来说，它实际上是一种相当不稳定的适应。同样，他们认为，我们学习语言的能力是以长期认知不成熟为代价的。），这里举喉头的例子表明长期认知不成熟是为了获得文化，所以C选项“解释我们早期认知不成熟的原因”正确。A选项“为了显示人类喉部的特殊功能”，B选项“强调人类语言的重要性”和D选项“表明人类如何发展语言”：不是表达的重点，故错误。因此C选项正确。

34.事实细节题。根据第四段ThePFC…functionally,itappearstobeheavilyimplicatedinawide-rangeofsophisticatedplanningandattentiondrivenbehaviors.Indeed,itisoftenreferredtoasthe“control”centerofthebrain.Oneofitsmainfunctionsappearstobethatofselectivelyfilteringinformationfromthesenses,allowingustoattendtospecificactions,goals,ortasks.（PFC……在功能上似乎与一系列复杂的计划和注意力驱动的行为密切相关。事实上，它经常被称为大脑的“控制”中心。它的主要功能之一似乎是有选择地过滤来自感官的信息，让我们专注于特定的行动、目标或任务。），可知PFC的功能是B选项“帮助执行复杂的计划和注意力驱动的行为”，同时PFC过滤来自感官的信息，故A选项“从感官收集信息”错误。C选项“控制大脑其他区域的发展”和D选项“使人类能够执行高级任务”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。

35.推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句Trickyornot,healthyadultscansuccessfullycompetethetaskwithonlyminorhesitation.（不管棘手与否，健康的成年人只要稍有犹豫就能成功完成这项任务。），可知成年人完成任务时有犹豫的情况，所以D选项“成年人可以毫不犹豫地完成任务”正确。根据第六段第二句Typically,theyoungerchildrenare,theworsetheyareatsolvingStroop—liketasks,andundertheageoffour,theyoutrightfailthem.（通常情况下，年龄越小的孩子，在完成Stroop任务方面表现得越差，而不到四岁的孩子，就会彻底失败。）和最后一句Three-yearoldssimplycannotdirecthowtheyattendtoorrespondtotheworld.（根本无法指导三岁的孩子如何注意或回应这个世界。），所以孩子会因为不能理解题目而不能完成测试，A选项“孩子会因为无法理解任务要求而失败”符合文章意思，故错误。根据第四段最后一句“cognitivecontrol”tasksarethoughttobeoneofthebestassessorsofPFCfunctionandmaturity（“认知控制”任务被认为是评估PFC功能和成熟度的最佳指标之一）和第五段第一句TheStrooptaskservesasasimpleassessorofPFCfunctioninadults.（Stroop任务是一个简单的评估成年人的PFC功能的任务。），可知Stroop任务用来评估PFC的成熟度，B选项“这个任务经常被用来评估PFC的成熟度”符合文章意思，故错误。根据第五段第二句Thetaskinvolvesnamingtheinkcolorofacontrastingcolorword:forexample,youmightseetheword“red”writteningreenink,inwhichcaseyouhavetosay“green”.（这项任务包括说出一个对比色单词的墨水颜色：例如，你可能会看到单词“红”是用绿色墨水写的，在这种情况下，你必须说“绿”），可知在这个测试中，受试者必须说颜色而不是单词，C选项“这个任务要求受试者做出与有知识的人相反的反应”符合文章意思，故错误。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Effortsshouldbemadetocultivateabusinessandlegalenvironment_____faircompetitionbetweennationalindustriesandforeign-fundedenterprises.

问题1选项

A.facilitate

B.facilitated

C.facilitating

D.tofacilitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们要着力营造良好的贸易和法制环境，以便促进民族产业与外资企业公平竞争。A选项facilitate动词原形；B选项facilitated过去分词，表被动；C选项facilitating现在分词，表主动；D选项tofacilitate不定式，表目的。根据语境，营造良好的氛围是为了促进发展，D选项tofacilitate符合题意。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Thenationalbankhasbeenuncommonlypowerfulincomparisontoitscounterpartsinothernations.Itretainsthispotencypartlybecauseitscontrolofthenation’sbankingsystemisunencumberedbygovernmentalinterference,andthusitsactionsremainlargely_______.

问题1选项

A.discretionary

B.bureaucratic

C.compulsory

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项discretionary“自由决定的”；B选项bureaucratic“官僚主义的”；C选项compulsory“义务性的”；D选项lucrative“获利多的”。句意：与其他国家的同类银行相比，国家银行一直非常强大。它之所以保持这种效力，部分原因是它对国家银行体系的控制没有受到政府干预的阻碍，因此它的行动在很大程度上仍然是_______。根据语境，这里指国家银行没有受政府干预的阻碍，在行动上比较自由，所以discretionary“自由决定的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

Whatmakesagreatcommunicator?Awillingnesstosharethatdrivingsenseofmissionandaburningfaiththatotherswillembrace,too.

Asanentrepreneur,youhaveanextraordinarystorytotell.Butwhetheryou’repitchingorpromotingaservice,product,company,orcause,howyoucraftanddeliveryourmessagecouldmeanthedifferencebetweenmakingthesaleorbeingshownthedoor.Somepeoplearesimplybetterthanothersatarticulatingtheirmessage.

Raisingthebar

Myworktakesmeacrossthecountryandexposesmetospokespeopleinavarietyofindustries.Butthegoalsarealwaysthesame:Toarticulateamessagethatmeetsthedemandsofcontemporaryaudiences,whowanttheirspeakerstobepassionate,inspiring,brief,captivating,andclear.

AsthemajorityofusareaccustomedtoPowerPointshows,24-hourcablenews,andMTV-stylevideos,ourperceptionofgreatcorporatespeakershaschanged.Thegreatspokespeopleofourtimehaveraisedthebaronwhatitmeanstobeabusinesscommunicator—andyou’rebeingcomparedtothem.

WhenCNBCinterviewsAppleCEOSteveJobs,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.WhenC-SPANbringsBritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairintoourlivingroomseveryweek,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.WhenCiscoCEOJohnChambersdeliversadazzlingPowerPointshow,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.They’vemastered10techniquesthatsetthemapart—techniquesthatIuncoveredwhileresearchingmynewbook,“10SimpleSecretsoftheWorld’sGreatestBusinessCommunicators.”

Pitchingwithoomph

Butenoughtalkabout“thesecrets”.Let’sgetstarted.Extraordinaryentrepreneursandbusinessprofessionalcredittheircommunicationskillsformuchoftheirsuccess,andeachisfueledbypassionatecommitmenttotheirservice,product,company,orcause.Passionseparatestheworld’stoppitchmenfromthevastmajorityofmediocrepresenters.Withoutpassion,youwillfailtomotivate,inspire,andelectrifyyouraudiences.

StarbucksChairmanHowardSchultzdidn’tbuildoneofthemostadmiredbrandsintheworldbecauseheblendstherightmixofespresso,steamedmilk,andfoam.WhileinterviewingSchultzfor“10SimpleSecrets”,Iquicklyrealizedhedoesn’tleavehispassionattheoffice.Whilemanyofuslikecoffeeevenloveit,Schultzispassionateaboutit.Reallypassionate.

Duringanow-famoustriptoItaly,onapiazzainMilan,Schultz’slifewasforeverchanged.TheItalianswerepassionateabouttheircoffee,heexcitedlytoldhiswife.SchultzbroughtthatpassionbacktoAmericaandtransformedasmallSeattlecoffee-beanstoreintoanAmericaninstitution.HiszealconvincedinvestorstobuyintohisconceptofbringingItalian-stylecafestoAmerica—andwithoutit,weneverwouldhavebeenintroducedtomochafrappuccinos!

Emotionalrapport

Atthispoint,someofyoumightbesaying,“Mypassionistogetrich.”Fine.ButI’murgingyoutodigdeeper.Yousee,I’vepersonallymetandinterviewedseveralentrepreneurswhohavejoinedthebillionairesclub.I’vewatchedthemaddressstaff,customers,andinvestors.Notoncedidtheyeverdiscusshowmuchjoytheygetoutofbeingwealthy.Instead,theybuildanemotionalrapportwiththeirlistenersbysharingtheirconnectiontothetopic—theirpassion—throughpersonalstories,anecdotes,andexamples.

Nowaskyourself,“What’smyconnectiontomymessage?”Ifyou’reafinancialplanner,isittohelpyourcustomersavoidthepainfuldebtyousawyourparentsfallinto?ItisforSuzeOrman,whotappedintothatpassiontofuelhersuccessasanauthorandtelevisionhost.Ofyousellnetworkinghardware,isyourpassionfueledbythedesiretochangethewaytheworldlives,works,plays,andlearns?ItisforCiscoSystemsCEOJohnChambers,whosepassionatevisionofthefuturehasearnedhimaspotasoneofthemostadmiredchiefexecutivesincorporateAmerica.

Ifyoumanageacoffeeshoporrestaurant,isyourpassiontocreateawelcoming“thirdplace”betweenhomeandworkforyourcustomerstoenjoy?ItisforHowardSchultz,whosepassionhasliterallychangedthedailyhabitsofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Sowhetheryou’readdressingandaudienceof1or1,000,revealyourpassionbyidentifyingandsharingyourpersonalconnectiontoyourcompanymessage.Itwillsetyouapartasaspeaker.

26.What’stherelationshipbetweenthelasttwoparagraphs?

27.Thepassageindicatesthatitisimportantto________inbusinesscommunication.

28.ThispassageismeanttotargetthefollowinggroupsofreadersEXCEPT________.

29.Whatdoesthe“thirdplace”inthelastparagraphreferto?

30.Bysaying“Raisingthebar”(Paragraph3),theauthormeans________.

问题1选项

A.Theybothsupportthesametopicsentence.

B.Theypresentopposingideasrespectively.

C.Thelatteristheillustrationoftheformer.

D.Thelatteristhelogicalresultoftheformer.

问题2选项

A.establishpersonalfriendship

B.showpassioninconveyingmessage

C.employhighcommunicativeskills

D.meetlisteners’emotionaldemands

问题3选项

A.entrepreneurs

B.salespersons

C.publicspeakers

D.shopowners

问题4选项

A.Aplacetoenjoy.

B.Ashoptoshareyourpersonalinformation.

C.Acoffeeshoporrestaurant.

D.Aprivateplacetorevealyourpassion.

问题5选项

A.ahigherstandardforbusinesscommunicators

B.abetterarticulationofmessagesincommunication

C.thatbusinesscommunicatorsshouldmaster10techniques

D.thatbusinesscommunicatorsarebeingcomparedtofigureslikespokespeople

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】26.推理判断题。根据第十段第一句Nowaskyourself,“What’smyconnectiontomymessage?”（现在问问你自己，“我和我表达的信息有什么联系？”）和最后一段revealyourpassionbyidentifyingandsharingyourpersonalconnectiontoyourcompanymessage（通过识别并分享你与公司信息的个人联系来展现你的热情），可知这两段都在讲通过表达自己与自己表达的信息联系来加强情感联系，所以A选项“支持同一个主题句”正确。B选项“分别提出相反的观点”，C选项“后者是前者的例证”和D选项“后者是前者的结果”不符合题意，故错误。因此A选项正确。

27.推理判断题。根据第六段第三句Extraordinaryentrepreneursandbusinessprofessionalcredittheircommunicationskillsformuchoftheirsuccess,andeachisfueledbypassionatecommitmenttotheirservice,product,company,orcause.（卓越的企业家和商业专业人士将他们的成功归功于他们的沟通技巧，每个人都对自己的服务、产品、公司或事业充满热情。），可知激情在商务交流上最重要，所以B选项“在传达信息时表现出热情”正确。A选项“建立私交”：根据第九段someofyoumightbesaying,“Mypassionistogetrich…Notoncedidtheyeverdiscusshowmuchjoytheygetoutofbeingwealthy.Instead,theybuildanemotionalrapportwiththeirlistenersbysharingtheirconnectiontothetopic—theirpassion—throughpersonalstories,anecdotes,andexamples.（你们中的一些人可能会说，“我的激情是致富……他们从来没有讨论过他们从富有中得到了多少快乐。相反，他们通过分享自己的故事、轶事和例子，与听众建立起一种情感上的融洽），这里表达的是激情不是来自于对致富的渴望，而不是说在商务交流中建立交情很重要，故错误。C选项“运用高度的沟通技巧”和D选项“满足听众的情感需求”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。

28.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Butwhetheryou’repitchingorpromotingaservice,product,company,orcause,howyoucraftanddeliveryourmessagecouldmeanthedifferencebetweenmakingthesaleorbeingshownthedoor.（但无论你是在推销或推广一项服务、产品、公司或事业，你如何精心制作和传递你的信息可能意味着成功销售或被解雇的区别。）和第六段倒数第二句Passionseparatestheworld’stoppitchmenfromthevastmajorityofmediocrepresenters.（激情将世界上最优秀的推销员与绝大多数平庸的演讲者区分开来。），可知本文一直强调的激情对于需要销售的职业来说很重要，而演说家不那么需要，所以B选项“售货员”正确，A选项“企业家”，C选项“演说家”和D选项“店主”错误。因此B选项正确。

29.语义推测题。根据最后一段第一句Ifyoumanageacoffeeshoporrestaurant,isyourpassiontocreateawelcoming“thirdplace”betweenhomeandworkforyourcustomerstoenjoy?（如果你经营一家咖啡店或餐厅，你的激情会是在家庭和工作之间创造一个受欢迎的“第三空间”让你的顾客享受吗？），可知第三空间是拿来享受的，所以A选项“一个享受的地方”正确，B选项“一个分享你个人信息的商店”，C选项“咖啡店或餐厅”和D选项“一个可以展示你激情的私密场所”：不符合题意，故错误。因此A选项正确。

30.语义推测题。根据第四段第二句Thegreatspokespeopleofourtimehaveraisedthebaronwhatitmeanstobeabusinesscommunicator—andyou’rebeingcomparedtothem.（我们这个时代的伟大发言人提高了作为一名商业沟通者的意义——你被拿来和他们比较。），可知各个领域的发言人让商务交流的标准更高，所以A选项“对商务交流者的更高标准”正确。B选项“沟通中信息的更好表达”：表述不准确，故错误。C选项“商务交流者应该掌握的10种技巧”和D选项“商务交流者被拿来和发言人比较”：是一方面的内容，不足以概括这部分主旨，故错误。因此A选项正确。

8.翻译题

SectionB:ChinesetoEnglish(20points)

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

41.最近，国际货币基金组织的负责人申明，面对各国政府保护主义上升势头，各国领导人之间的全球合作和互相理解，对提升目前的经济复苏是必须的。

42.由于许多国家的经济负增长，目前全球的经济复苏仍然受限，而科技也抑制了许多人获取成功的愿望，导致收入不均等差距扩大，结果加剧了许多地区的政治紧张，增加了对全球化利益的怀疑。

43.经济复苏会使各国的结构性改革更容易。各国目前所面临的挑战实际上是跨国境的，需要各国政府共同努力来解决这些问题；而促进各国合作能最好地帮助成员国建立一个更包容、更有弹性的全球经济。

44.很多问题都具有全球性特征，需要相互合作，包括反腐败、保护金融制度改革取得的进展、应对全球气候变化，以及改善全球贸易体系。各国政府也需要调整以应对技术进步所带来的对市场，尤其是对金融市场的影响。

【答案】41.Recently,theheadoftheInternationalMonetaryFundaffirmedthatglobalcooperationandunderstandingamongworldleadersisnecessarytoboostthecurrenteconomicrecoveryinthefaceofrisinggovernmentprotectionism.

42.Duetothenegativeeconomicgrowthinmanycountries,thecurrentglobaleconomicrecoveryremainsconstrained,whiletechnologyhasalsosuppressedmanypeople’sdesiretosucceed,leadingtowideningincomeinequality,whichinturnhasexacerbatedpoliticaltensionsinmanyregionsandincreasedsuspicionoftheglobalizationbenefits.

43.Economicrecoverywillmakestructuralreformseasierforcountries.Infact,thecurrentchallengesfacedbyallcountriesarecross-borderandneedthejointeffortsofallgovernmentstosolve.Promotingcooperationamongcountriesisthebestwaytohelpmemberstatesbuildamoreinclusiveandresilientglobaleconomy.

44.Manyissuesareglobalandrequirecooperation,includinganti-corruption,protectingprogressinfinancialsystemreforms,addressingglobalclimatechange,andimprovingtheglobaltradingsystem.Governmentsalsoneedtoadjusttotheimpactoftechnologicalprogress,whichwillalsoaffectthemarket,especiallyfinancialmarkets.

9.单选题

Thestudentcontinuedtodomischiefinclasseventhoughhisteacherrepeatedlytoldhim______.

问题1选项

A.notdoing

B.not

C.notto

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词搭配。句意：这个学生在课堂上继续恶作剧，尽管他的老师一再告诉他不要这样做。根据动词搭配tellsb.(not)todosth.确定C选项notto符合题意。因此C选项正确。

10.翻译题