2022年同等学力英语考试阅读真题

09PassageOneTheotherdaymysonaskedmeifhecouldrideuptohiselementaryschoolonhisbikeandmeethisfriend.Hewantedthebothofthemtoridebacktoourhousesotheycouldplayvideogamesandjumponthetrampoline(蹦床).Ihavetoadmit,partofmewantedtosayno.Wecangopickhimuporhisparentscanbringhimoverhere,Ithought.Butmysoniselevenyearsoldnow.Andafterall,Idolethimridehisbiketoschool.ButIalsodrivemydaughtertoschoolandIcanseehimontheway,makingsureheisgettingtheresafely.MyhusbandthinksIamtoooverprotective.Idon’tdaretoletmychildrenwalkanywherewithoutoneofusgoingalong.Asyoupulloutofourneighborhood,thereisashoppingcenteracrossthestreet.Mysonalwaysasksifhecanridehisbikeorwalkovertothedrugstorebyhimself.Butcrossingthatstreetisjusttoodangerous.Thecarsflyaroundthecornerlikethey’redrivinginacarrace.Whatifhegetshit?Whatifsometeenagebulliesarehangingoutintheparkinglot?IwantsomuchtogivemychildrenthefreedomthatIenjoyedhavingwhenIwasgrowingupbutIhesitatetodosobecausetherearedangersaroundeverycorner.Toomanykidnaps,toomanysexoffenders.Iwentonlineanddiscoveredthereare41sexoffendersinmyareaalone.Ihonestlydon’tthinkmymomworriedaboutsuchthingswhenherchildrenwereyoung.Growingupinthe1970swasindeedadifferenttime.IneverworeahelmetwhenIrodeabike.Wewereallovertheneighborhood,onourbikesandonfoot,cominghomefordinnerandthenbackoutagainuntildark.Werodeinthebackofthetruck,didn’twearseatbelts.Iwalkedtoandfromschooleveryday….31.Whatdidtheauthorfeelreluctanttolethersondo?A.Meethisfriend. B.Playvideogames.C.Jumponthetrampoline. D.Ridehisbikeonstreets.32.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenshesays“Butmysoniselevenyearsoldnow”?A.Heisoldenoughtobegivensomefreedomnow. B.Heisabittooyoungtogooutalone.C.Hehasreachedthelegalageforridingabike. D.Hecan’tprotecthimselffromroadhazards.33.Givenherhusband’sattitudetowardsbringingupkids,hewouldmostprobably_______.A.drivehissontoschooltoensuresafetyB.followhissonallthewaytoschoolandbackC.givehissonmorefreedomindecidingwhattodoD.asktheotherboy’sparentstobringhimoverhere34.WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredbytheauthorasapotentialthreattokids?A.Teenagebullies. B.Thedrugstore.C.Childabusers. D.Carsracingby.35.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Thesocialsecuritybackinthe1970swasnobetterthanitistoday.B.Today’schildrenenjoymorefreedomthanthoseinthe1970s.C.Childrentodayaremoreobedienttotheirparents.D.Childreninthe1970senjoyedmorefreedomthanthosetoday.36.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Tocomparetoday’ssocialenvironmentwiththatofthe1970s.B.Toshowherconcernovertheincreasingcrimerateinherneighborhood.C.Todescribeherhesitationastohowmuchfreedomsheshouldgiveherson.D.Toexpressherworriesaboutbothsafetyandsecurityinherarea.PassageTwoAboutacenturyagomorepeoplewouldnothaveappreciatedthestudyofaforeignlanguageastheydotoday.Gonearethosedayswhenpatriotismtowardsone’sownlanguagewasamajorobstacletolearningforeignlanguages,atimewhenmostnationsweretryingtothrowtheiralienrulersoutoftheircountriesintheirfreedomstruggles.Gonearethosedayswhenpeoplewereproudoftheirmotherorfathertonguesandconsideredthattheirnativelanguagesalonewillsufficetheneedtosurvive.LanguageskillstodayhavebecomeasimportantasotherbusinessandcareerskillslikeIT,vocationalorprofessionalskills.Thuslearningaforeignlanguagetodayhasbecomeessentialforanindividualwhetheritisforcareers,growingabusiness,oreventomakeanimpression.AllthatoneneedstopossessthesedaysisadrivetolearnaforeignlanguageandthereareallkindsofinstitutesandcoursesthatteachvariousforeignlanguageslikeFrench,German,Spanish,andJapanese.Today’sworldeconomyhasbridgedthebarriersofrace,sex,colorandreligionandtheworldhasbecomeasmallerplace.Today’sbusinessesalsodemandlanguageskillstoexpandandgrowinothercountries.Tensandhundredsofbusinessesworldwideareexpandingandgrowingtheirbusinessesbypromotingthemincountriesotherthantheircountriesoforigin.ThetremendousgrowthoftheInternethasfurtherincreasedthedemandforlanguageskills.InCanadaanofficialrulealsosaysthatallcommercialestablishmentsmusthavetheirwebsitescreatedbothinEnglishandFrench,theofficiallanguagesofthecountry.Languagecanalsoeaseraceandborderbarriers.Youaremorewelcomeinanaliennationifyouknowthelanguageofthepeoplethereandcanconverseintheirtongue.Peopleinthesecountriesimmediatelyrespectyouandthinkyoucareabouttheircultureasmuchastheydobecauseinanyculturelanguageisthekeyidentity.37.Oneofthereasonsfornotstudyingaforeignlanguageinthepastis______.A.itwastoodifficult B.itwasnotallowedC.itwasseenasdisloyalty D.itwastaughtbyforeignrulers38.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingistrue?A.People’slanguageskillsarebetterthaninthepast.B.Foreignlanguageskillsareofvitalimportance.C.It’seasiernowadaystolearnaforeignlanguage.D.Peopletodayarenotproudoftheirnativelanguage.39.Whatdoes“tomakeanimpression”(Paragraph1)probablymean?A.Torememberthings. B.Toexpressideas.C.Toshowrespect. D.Tobelikedbyothers.40.Theworldhasbecomesmallerbecauseof_________.A.businessexpansion B.thegrowthoftheInternetC.aglobalizedeconomy D.thelearningofforeignlanguages41.Accordingtothearticle,thegrowthoftheInternetrequires_________.A.moreforeignlanguageskills B.morebilingualwebsitesC.bettercommandofEnglish D.morecommercialestablishments42.Peopleinaforeigncountrywilltreatyouwithmorerespectifyouspeaktheirlanguagebecause______.A.theythinkyoulovetheircountry B.theythinkyouunderstandtheircultureC. it’seasierforthemtocommunicatewithyou D.theybelieveyouareagoodlanguagelearnerPassageThreeYoumayhavewonderedwhythesupermarketsareallthesame.Itisnotbecausethecompaniesthatoperatethemlackimagination.Itisbecausetheyallaimatpersuadingpeopletobuythings.Inthesupermarket,ittakesawhileforthemindtogetintoashoppingmode.Thisiswhytheareaimmediatelyinsidetheentranceisknownasthe“decompressionzone”.Peopleneedtoslowdownandlookaround,eveniftheyareregulars.Insalestermsthisareaisabitofaloss,soittendstobeusedmoreforpromotion.Immediatelyinsidethefirstthingshoppersmaycometoisthefreshfruitandvegetablessection.Forshoppers,thismakesnosense.Fruitandvegetablescanbeeasilydamaged,sotheyshouldbeboughtattheend,notthebeginning,ofashoppingtrip.Butwhatisatworkhere?Itturnsoutthatselectinggoodfreshfoodisawaytostartshopping,anditmakespeoplefeellessguiltyaboutreachingfortheunhealthystufflateron.Shoppersalreadyknowthateverydayitems,likemilk,areinvariablyplacedtowardsthebackofastoretoprovidemoreopportunitiestotemptcustomers.Butsupermarketsknowshoppersknowthis,sotheyuseothertricks,likeplacingpopularitemshalfwayalongasectionsothatpeoplehavetowalkallalongtheaislelookingforthem.Theideaistoboost“dwelltime”:thelengthoftimepeoplespendinastore.Traditionallyretailersmeasure“footfall”,asthenumberofpeopleenteringastoreisknown,butthosenumberssaynothingaboutwherepeoplegoandhowlongtheyspendthere.Butnowadays,apieceoftechnologycanfillthegap:themobilephone.PathIntelligence,aBritishcompanytrackedpeople’sphonesatGunwharfQuays,alargeretailcentreinPortsmouth—notbymonitoringcalls,butbyplottingthepositionsofhandsetsastheytransmitautomaticallytocellularnetworks.Itfoundthatwhendwelltimerose1%salesrose1.3%.Suchtechniquesareincreasinglypopularbecauseofadeepeningunderstandingabouthowshoppersmakechoices.Peopletellmarketresearchersthattheymakerationaldecisionsaboutwhattobuy,consideringthingslikeprice,selectionorconvenience.Butsubconsciousforces,involvingemotionandmemories,areclearlyalsoatwork.43.InParagraph2,“decompressionzone”istheareameantto_______.A.offershoppersaplacetohavearestB.prepareshoppersforthemoodofbuyingC.encourageshopperstotrynewproductsD.provideshopperswithdiscountinformation44.Puttingfruit-and-vegetablesectionneartheentrancetakesadvantageofshoppers’________.A.commonsense B.shoppinghabitsC.concernswithtime D.shoppingpsychology45.PathIntelligenceusesatechnologyto_______.A.counthowmanypeopleenterastoreB.measurehowlongpeoplestayatastoreC.findoutwhatpeoplebuyinastoreD.monitorwhatpeoplesayanddoinastore46.WhathappenedatGunwharfQuaysshowedthatsales_______.A.wasindirectproportiontodwelltimeB.wasreverselylinkedtodwelltimeC.wasaffectedmorebyfootfallthanbydwelltimeD.wasaffectedmorebydwelltimethanbyfootfall47.Theauthorarguesthatshoppers______.A.exertmoreinfluenceonstoresthantheyimagineB.aremorelikelytomakerationalchoicesthantheyknowC.tendtomakemoreemotionaldecisionsthantheythinkD.havemorecontroloverwhattheybuythantheyassume48.Thebesttitleforthepassageis________.A.NewTechnologyBoostsStores’SalesB.HowShoppersMakeChoicesinStoresC.RationalandIrrationalWaysofShoppingD.TheSciencebehindStores’ArrangementsPassageFourAveryimportantworldproblemistheincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoactuallyinhabitthisplanet.Thelimitedamountoflandandlandresourceswillsoonbeunabletosupportthehugepopulationifitcontinuestogrowatitspresentrate.Sowhyisthishugeincreaseinpopulationtakingplace?Itisreallyduetothespreadoftheknowledgeandpracticeofwhatisbecomingknownas“DeathControl”.Youhavenodoubtheardoftheterm“BirthControl”.“DeathControl”issomethingratherdifferent.Itrecognizestheworkofthedoctorsandscientistswhonowkeepalivepeoplewho,notverylongago,wouldhavediedofavarietyofthenincurablediseases.Throughawidevarietyoftechnologicalinnovationsthatincludefarmingmethodsandthecontrolofdeadlydiseases,wehavefoundwaystoreducetherateatwhichwedie.However,thissuccessistheverycauseofthegreatestthreattomankind.Ifweexaminetheamountoflandavailableforthisever-increasingpopulation,webegintoseetheproblem.Ifeveryoneontheplanethadanequalshareofland,wewouldeachhaveabout50,000squaremetres.Thisfigureseemstobequiteencouraginguntilweexaminetheamountofusablelandweactuallyhave.Morethanthree-fifthsoftheworld’slandcannotproducefood.Obviously,withsolittlelandtosupportus,weshouldbetakinggreatcarenottoreduceitfurther.Butwearenot!Instead,weareconsumingits“capital”—itsnonrenewablefossilfuelsandothermineraldepositsthattookmillionsofyearstoformbutwhicharenowbeingdestroyedindecades.Wearealsodoingthesamewithothervitalresourcesnotusuallythoughtofasbeingnonrenewablesuchasfertilesoils,groundwaterandthemillionsofotherspeciesthatsharetheearthwithus.Itisaverycommonbeliefthattheproblemsofthepopulationexplosionarecausedmainlybypoorpeoplelivinginpoorcountrieswhodonotknowenoughtolimittheirreproduction.Thisisnottrue.Theactualnumberofpeopleinanareaisnotasimportantastheeffecttheyhaveonnature.Developingcountriesdohaveaneffectontheirenvironment,butitisthepopulationsofrichercountriesthathaveafargreaterimpactontheearthasawhole.49.Accordingtothearticle,whatcontributestothepopulationincrease?A.Birthexplosion. B.BirthControl.C.DeathControl. D.Technologicalinnovations.50.Theword“incurable”inParagraph2means______.A.common B.epidemic C.untreatable D.unknown51.Thereisn’tenoughlandtosupporthumanbeingsbecause______.A.therearemoreseasthanlandintheworldB.mostoftheworld’slandisunusableC.theworld’slandhasalreadybeentakenupD.theworld’slandisnotdistributedequally52.InParagraph4thewriterimpliesthatfertilesoilsare______.A.limited B.renewable C.productive D.nonrenewable53.Whatdoes“tolimittheirreproduction”inthelastparagraphmean?A. Tocontroldeath. B.Toproducelessgoods.C.Toincreaseproduction. D.Topracticebirthcontrol.54.Whatdoyouthinkthewriterisreallyconcernedabout?A.Longlifespans. B.Populationincrease.C.Overuseofresources. D.Thesuccessof“DeathControl”.PassageFiveAlldaylong,youareaffectedbylargeforces.Genesinfluenceyourintelligenceandwillingnesstotakerisks.Socialdynamicsunconsciouslyshapeyourchoices.Instantaneousperceptionssetoffneutralreactionsinyourheadwithoutyouevenbeingawareofthem.Overthepastfewyears,scientistshavemadeaseriesofexcitingdiscoveriesabouthowthesedeeppatternsinfluencedailylife.NobodyhasdonemoretobringthesediscoveriestopublicattentionthanMalcolmGladwell.Gladwell’snewbookOutliersseemsatfirstglancetobeadescriptionofexceptionallytalentedindividuals.Butinfact,it’sanotherbookaboutdeeppatterns.Exceptionallysuccessfulpeoplearenotlonepioneerswhocreatedtheirownsuccess,heargues.Theyaretheluckybeneficiariesofsocialarrangements.Gladwell’snoncontroversialclaimisthatsomepeoplehavemoreopportunitiesthanothers.BillGateswasluckytogotoagreatprivateschoolwithitsowncomputeratthedawnoftheinformationrevolution.Gladwell’sbookisbeingreceivedbyreviewersasacalltoactionfortheObamaAge.Itcouldleadpolicymakerstofinallyrejectpoliciesbuiltontheassumptionthatpeoplearecoldlyrationalprofit-maximizingindividuals.Itcouldcausethemtofocusmoreonpoliciesthatfosterrelationships,socialbondsandculturesofachievement.Yet,Ican’thelpbutfeelthatGladwellandotherswhosharehisemphasisarepreoccupiedwiththecoolnessofthediscoveries.They’velostsightofthepointatwhichtheinfluenceofsocialforcesendsandtheinfluenceoftheself-initiatingindividualbegins.Mostsuccessfulpeoplebeginwithtwobeliefs:thefuturecanbebetterthanthepresent,andIhavethepowertomakeitso.Theywereoftenshoweredbygoodfortunes,butreliedatcrucialmomentsuponachievementsofindividualwill.Thesepeoplealsohaveanextraordinaryabilitytoconsciouslyfocustheirattention.Controlofattentionistheultimateindividualpower.Peoplewhocandothatarenotprisonersofthestimuliaroundthem.Theycanchoosefromthepatternsintheworldandlengthentheirtimehorizons.Gladwell’ssocialdeterminismoverlookstheimportanceof