土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

..第一局部必需把握，第二局部尽量把握第一局部：FiniteElementMethod有限单元法专业英语SpecialtyEnglish水利工程HydraulicEngineering4土木工程CivilEngineering5地下工程UndergroundEngineering6岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7道路工程Road(Highway)Engineering8桥梁工程BridgeEngineering隧道工程Tunnel Engineering工程力学EngineeringMechanics11交通工程TrafficEngineering12港口工程Port Engineering13平安性safety17木结构timberstructure18砌体结构masonrystructure19混凝土结构concretestructure钢结构steelstructure钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete compositestructure素混凝土plainconcrete钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete钢筋rebar预应力混凝土pre-stressedconcrete静定结构staticallydeterminatestructure超静定结构staticallyindeterminatestructure28桁架结构trussstructure29空间网架结构spatialgridstructure30近海工程offshoreengineering31静力学statics32运动学kinematics33动力学dynamics34简支梁simplysupportedbeam35固定支座fixedbearing36弹性力学elasticity37塑性力学plasticity38弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39断裂力学fractureMechanics40土力学soilmechanics水力学hydraulics流体力学fluidmechanics43固体力学solidmechanics44集中力concentratedforce45压力pressure46静水压力hydrostaticpressure47均布压力uniformpressure48体力bodyforce重力gravity

线荷载lineload弯矩bendingmoment52torque扭矩应力stress应变stain正应力normalstress剪应力shearingstress主应力principalstress变形deformation内力internalforce偏移量挠度deflection61settlement沉降屈曲失稳buckle轴力axialforce允许应力allowablestress疲惫分析fatigueanalysis梁beam壳shell板plate桥bridge桩pile主动土压力activeearthpressure被动土压力passiveearthpressure承载力load-bearingcapacity水位waterHeight位移displacement结构力学structuralmechanics材料力学materialmechanics经纬仪altometer水准仪level学科discipline子学科sub-discipline期刊journal,periodical83文献literatureISSNInternationalStandardSerialNumber国际标准刊号ISBNInternationalStandard BookNumber国际标准书号卷volume期number88专著monograph会议论文集Proceeding学位论文thesis,dissertation专利patent档案档案室archive国际学术会议conference导师advisor学位论文辩论defenseofthesis博士研究生doctoratestudent研究生postgraduateEIEngineeringIndex工程索引SCIScienceCitationIndex科学引文索引100ISTPIndextoScienceandTechnologyProceedings科学技术会议论文集索引题目title摘要abstract全文full-text参考文献reference联络单位、所属单位affiliation主题词Subject关键字keywordASCEAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers美国土木工程师协会FHWAFederalHighwayAdministration 联邦公路总署ISOInternationalStandardOrganization111解析方式analyticalmethod112数值方式numericalmethod113计算computation说明书instruction标准Specification,Code第二局部：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnicalengineering岩土工程2.foundationengineering根底工程3.soil,earth土4.soilmechanics土力学cyclicloading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelasticfoundation粘弹性地基viscousdamping粘滞阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量5.soildynamics土动力学6.stresspath应力路径7.numericalgeotechanics数值岩土力学二.1.residualsoilgroundwaterlevel地下2.groundwatergroundwatertable3.clayminerals粘土矿物4.secondaryminerals次生矿5.landslides6.boreholecolumnarsection钻孔柱状图7.engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravellysand砾砂12.coarsesand粗13.mediumsand14.finesand15.siltysand粉16.clayeysoil17.clay18.siltyclay粉质粘19.silt20.sandysilt21.clayeysilt粘质粉土22.saturatedsoil23.unsaturatedsoil土24.fill(soil)填土25.overconsolidatedsoil超固结土26.normallyconsolidatedsoil正常固结27.underconsolidatedsoil28.zonalsoil区域性土29.softclay软粘土30.expansive(swelling)soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozensoil冻土24.degreeofsaturation25.dryunitweight干重度

26.moistunitweight湿重度45.ISSMGE=InternationalSocietyforSoilMechanicsandGeotechnicalEngineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四.渗透性和渗流seepageforce渗透力hydraulicgradient12.coefficientofpermeability渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.softsoil2.(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入3.effectivestress4.totalstress总应力fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪强度lowactivity7.sensitivity8.triaxialtest三轴9.foundationdesign10.recompaction再压缩11.bearingcapacity12.soilmass土体13.contactstress(pressure)接触应力〔压力〕14.concentratedload15.asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous17.isotropic各向同18.stripfooting19.squarespreadfooting方形独立根底underlyingsoil(stratum,strata)下卧层〔土〕deadload=sustainedload22.liveload活载23.shorttermtransientload短期瞬时荷载24.long-termtransientload25.reducedload折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤〔防〕30.clayfraction组31.physicalproperties物理性质32.subgrade路33.well-gradedsoil34.poorly-gradedsoil级配不良土35.normalstresses36.shearstresses剪应37.principalplane主平面38.major(intermediate,minor)principalstress最大〔中、最39.Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition摩尔-库仑破40.FEM=finiteelementmethod有限元法41.limitequilibriummethod极限平衡法42.porewaterpressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidationpressure先期固结压力44.modulusofcompressibility压缩模量45.coefficentofcompressibility压缩系数46pressionindex压缩指数47.swellingindex回弹指48.geostaticstress自重应力49.additionalstress附加应力50.totalstress总应力51.finalsettlement52.slipline滑动线六.1excavation2dewatering3failureoffoundation基坑失稳4bracingoffoundationpit基坑围护bottomheave=basalheave〔基坑〕底隆起retainingwall挡土墙7pore-pressuredistribution孔压分8dewateringmethod降低地下水位法9wellpointsystem井点系统〔轻型〕10deepwellpoint深井点11vacuumwellpoint真空井点12bracedcuts支撑围 7.multi-dimensionalconsolidation多维固结13bracedexcavation14bracedsheeting支撑挡板七.深根底--deepfoundation1.pilefoundation桩根底cast–in-placedivingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管boredpilespecial-shapedcast-in-placepile机控异型灌注桩pilessetintorock嵌岩灌注rammedbulbpile夯扩桩belledpierfoundationdrilled-pierfoundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamedboredpier3)precastconcretepile预制混凝土桩steelpile钢桩steelpipepile钢管桩 steelsheetpile钢板桩prestressedconcretepile预应力混凝土桩prestressedconcretepipepile预应力混凝土管2.caissonfoundation3.diaphragmwall地下连4.frictionpile5.end-bearingpile端承6.shaft7.waveequationanalysis波动方程分8.pilecaps承台〔桩帽〕9.bearingcapacityofsinglepile单桩承载力10.lateralpileloadtest11.ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile单桩横向极限12.staticloadtestofpile13.verticalallowableloadcapacity单桩竖向容许承载14.lowpilecap低桩承台15.high-risepilecap高桩承16.verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile单桩抗17.silentpiling18.upliftpile抗拔19.anti-slidepile抗滑桩20.pilegroups21.efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群桩效率系数〔η〕22.efficiencyofpilegroups23.dynamicpiletesting桩基动测技术24.finalset25.dynamicloadtestofpile桩动荷载试验26.pileintegritytest桩的完整性试验27.pilehead=butt桩28.piletip=pilepoint=piletoe29.pilespacing桩距30.pileplan31.arrangementofpiles=pilelayout桩的布置32.groupaction33.endbearing=tipresistance桩端34.skin(side)friction=shaftresistance桩侧阻35.pilecushion36.piledriving(byvibration)桩37.pilepullingtest拔桩试验38.pileshoe桩39.pilenoise40.pilerig打桩机九.固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’sconsolidationtheory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’sconsolidationtheory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’sconsolidationtheory比奥固结理论4.overconsolidationration(OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidationsoil超固结土6.excessporewaterpressure超孔压力

8.one-dimensionalconsolidation一维固结9.primaryconsolidation主固结10.secondaryconsolidation次固结11.degreeofconsolidation12.consolidationtest固结13.consolidationcurve14.timefactorTv时间因子15.coefficientofconsolidation固结系数16.preconsolidationpressure前期固结压力17.principleofeffectivestress有效应力原理18.consolidationunderK0conditionK0固结十.shearstrength1.undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪强度2.residualstrength剩余强度3.long-termstrength长久强4.peakstrength5.shearstrainrate剪切应变速率dilatation剪胀effectivestressapproachofshearstrength剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.totalstressapproachofshearstrength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulombtheory10.angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚12.failurecriterion13.vanestrength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfinedcompression无侧限抗压强度15.effectivestressfailureenvelop有效应力破坏包线16.effectivestressstrengthparameter有效应力强度参数十一本构模型--constitutivemodel1.elasticmodel2.nonlinearelasticmodel非线性弹性模型3.elastoplasticmodel4.viscoelasticmodel粘弹性模型boundarysurfacemodel边界面模型Duncan-Changmodel邓肯－张模型7.rigidplasticmodel刚塑性模型8.capmodel盖帽模型9.worksoftening加工软化10.workhardening加工硬化11.Cambridgemodel剑桥模型12.idealelastoplasticmodel 理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulombyieldcriterion莫尔－库仑屈服准那么yieldsurface屈服面elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel弹性半空间地基模16.elasticmodulus17.Winklerfoundationmodel文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力--bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil1.punchingshearfailure冲剪破坏2.generalshearfailure整体剪切破化3.localshearfailure 局部剪切破坏4.stateoflimitequilibrium极限平衡状态5.criticaledgepressure临塑荷载6.stabilityoffoundationsoil地基稳定性7.ultimatebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基极限承载8.allowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基容许承载力十三土压力--earthpressure1.activeearthpressure2.passiveearthpressure被动土压力3.earthpressureatrest静止土压力4.Coulomb’searthpressuretheory库仑土压力理5.Rankine’searthpressuretheory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slopestabilityanalysis1.angleofrepose休止角2.Bishopmethod毕肖普法3.safetyfactorofslope边坡稳定平安系数4.Felleniusmethodofslices费纽伦斯条分5.Swedishcirclemethod6.slicesmethod条分法十五挡土墙--retainingwallstabilityofretainingwall挡土墙稳定性foundationwall3.counterretainingwall扶壁式挡

7.consolidateddrainedtriaxialtest固结排水试验(CD)8 pactiontest击实试验9.consolidatedquickdirectsheartest固结快剪试验10.quickdirectsheartest快剪试验11.consolidateddraineddirectsheartest慢剪试验12.sieveanalysis13.geotechnicalmodeltest土工模型14.centrifugalmodeltest离心模型试验15.directshearapparatus16.directsheartest直剪试17.directsimplesheartest直接单剪试验18.dynamictriaxialtest19.dynamicsimpleshear动20.free〔resonancevibrationcolumntest自(共)振柱试验二十二.1.standardpenetrationtest(SPT)标准贯入4.cantileverretainingwall悬臂式挡土墙试验 2.surfacewavetest(SWT) 外表波试5.cantileversheetpilewall悬臂式板桩墙验3.dynamicpenetrationtest(DPT) 动力触探试6.gravityretainingwall重力式挡土墙验4.staticconepenetration(SPT) 静力触探试7.anchoredplateretainingwall锚定板挡土墙验5.plateloadingtest 静 力荷载试8.anchoredsheetpilewall锚定板板桩墙验6.lateralloadtestofpile 单桩横向载荷试十六.板桩结构物--sheetpilestructure1.steelsheetpile钢验7.staticloadtestofpile 单桩竖向荷载试板桩2.reinforcedconcretesheetpile桩3.steelpiles钢桩4.woodensheetpile木板5.timberpiles木桩

8.cross-holetest9.screwplatetest螺旋板载荷10.pressuremetertest11.lightsounding轻便触探试验12.deepsettlementmeasurement深层沉降观十七.浅根底--shallowfoundation1.boxfoundation箱型根测13.vanesheartest十字板剪切试2.mat(raft)foundation3.stripfoundati