高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气、特殊句式考点梳理

1、高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气、特殊句式考点梳理(素材)高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气、特殊句式考点梳理考点1情态动词和虚拟语气一、情态动词.情态动词的类型(1)只作情态动词的有：must,can (could) ,may(might),ought to(2)可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need,dare(3)可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：shall (should) ,will(would)(4)具有情态动词的某些特征的有：have (had) to,used to.情态动词的特征(1)有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，要和动词原形连用构成谓语。(2)适用于主语的各种人称和数(have to例外,

2、主语是第三人称单数时，要用has to) oWe/He must work hard.我们/他一定要努力工作。I have to walk home.我得步行回家。He has to walk home.他得步行回家。could have done过去本有能力做某事，但没有做I could have worked out the problem, but I was too nervous. 我 本能够解出那道题,但当时我太紧张了。3)must,have to用法例句must多表示由于主观需要或责任感而有必要、有义务去做某 事，意为： 必须 I must clean the room beca

3、use it is too dirty.由于房间太脏了我必须清扫。have to表示为客观条件、环境所迫而做某事，意为：不得不 He has to leave school because he cant afford his schooling.因为他付不起学费，所以不得不辍学。 didnt need to do,needn11 have done用法例句didn* t need to do过去没必要做某事，不强调是否做I didnt get up that early yesterday, for I didn1t need to.昨天我没那么早起床，因为没必要。neednt have d

4、one过去没必要做某事，但做了 I neednt have got up that early yesterday but I had to because the dog barked all the time.昨天我本不必那么早起床，但是由于狗一直叫，所以我不得不起床。5) cant,wont,dont/doesntThe window won11 open.这扇窗户怎么都打不开。（强调动作 实施者执意要翻开）The window can11 open.这扇窗户打不开。（这扇窗户原来设 计时就不能翻开,是固定死的）The window doesnt open.这扇窗户开不开。（强调这扇窗户

5、 是坏的，存在质量问题）二、虚拟语气L虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中从句谓语形式主句谓语形式例句与现在事实相反过去式（be动词用were） would/should/could/might+动词原形 If I were you, I would seize the chance.如果我是你，我就会抓住这个机 会。与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词 If you had taken my advice, you wouldn* t have failed.如果你听了 我的建议，你就不会失败。与将来事实相反过去式should+动词原形we

6、re to+动词原形 would/should/could/might+动词原形 If he shouldn* t e tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.如 果他明天不来，我们就推迟这个会议。使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：用法例句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间 不一致时，这种句子被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式 要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果你听 了我的建议,你现在就好一些了。（从句与过去事实相反，主 句与现

7、在事实相反）在if引导的非真实条件从句中，谓语动词含were,had, should, 可将if省略,但需将were,had, should提到主语之前If I were at school again, I would study harder, fWere I at school again, I would study harder.如果我还有上学 的机会，我会更加努力学习。有时假设的条件并不总是通过if引导的条件从句表达，而是 隐含在某些词、短语或上下文中，此种句子为“含蓄条件句”， 常见的词或短语有：without,in case, but for, for fear that, o

8、therwise 等 Without your help,we couldn1t have finished the work ahead of time. =But for yourhelp,. =If it had not been for your help,.二Had it not been for your help,.没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前 完成这项工作。even if, even though也可用于虚拟语气，其引导的从句的 形式与if从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同2.虚拟语气在 wish, if only (=how I wish), as if 后的从句 中条件从句谓语形式

9、例句从句谓语动作与主句谓语动作同时发生过去式(be动词用 were) If only/How I wish I were a flying bird!我多 希望我是一只会飞的鸟儿啊！ He looks as if he were an artist.他看上去好像是名艺术家。从句谓语动作先于主句谓语动作发生had+过去分词If only I had seen the film! =How I wish I had seen the so fluently as if she had stayed in America for a long time.她说英语如此流利，好像她在美国待过很长时间似

10、的。film!我要是看过那部电影该多好啊!She speaks English从句谓语动作后于主句谓语动作发生would+动词原形film!我要是看过那部电影该多好啊!She speaks Englishlearns English so hard as if he would go to the U. S. A.他如此努力学习英语，就好像他要去美国。注意当句子所表达的是真实的或极有可能发生的或存在的事实时,as if从句要用陈述语气。It seems as if it is going to rain.天似乎要下雨。He walks as if he is drunk.他走起路来像是醉了。3

11、.虚拟语气用在主句含“坚持、命令、建议、要求”的名词性从句中类别名词性从句谓语动词形式例句should+should+动词原形（should可以省略）should+动词原形should+动词原形（should可以省略）He suggested thatwe (should) start off early the next day. His suggestion was that we (should) start off early the next day.他建议我们第二天早点出发。It was suggested that we (should) start off early the

12、next day. 人们 建议我们第二天早点出发。一坚持：insist二命令：order, mand建议:四要求:advise, suggest,propose, remend require, request,demand,ask注意建议:四要求:suggest作“暗示，说明”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，后面宾 语从句的谓语动词不使用虚拟语气形式（should+动词原形）， 而使用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfiedwith our work.他脸上的微笑暗示着他对我们的工作很满意。The man insis

13、ted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他从来没有偷过钱。4.虚拟语气用在would rat her+t hat从句”中条件从句谓语形式例句 对现在或将来的虚拟 过去式(be用were) Id rather they didnft hear of the news.我宁愿他们没有听到这个消 息。对过去的虚拟had+过去分词Id rather I had not told him the bad news.我宁愿没有告诉过他那个坏消息。.虚拟语气用在“It is (high) time+that从句”中 that从句谓语形式例句过去式或shou

14、ld+动词原形，且should不能省略It is(high) time that you went/should go to school.你们该 去上学了。.虚拟语气用在It is necessary等+that从句中 在 “It isnecessary/important/vitai/surprising/strange/natural/ a pity/essential等+that从句”中，that从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。should表示感彩, 意为：竟然。It is strange that the meeting (should) be pu

15、t off till next week.那个会议竟然被推迟到下周，真奇怪。It is a pity that you (should) have to leave.真遗憾你 非得走。注意以上句式也可以用于陈述语气。It1s strange that he didnt e yesterday.It*s a pity that you can1t dance.虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中由 in case,for fear that,in order that,so that 等 引导的目的状语从句，其谓语动词用“cou 1 d/should/might/would+动词原形”表示虚拟。They

16、left early for fear that they would meet him.他 们动身很早以免和他碰面。I gave you a map so that you wouldn11 get lost! 我怕 你迷路，给过你一张地图！ 考点2特殊句式 一、祈使句.祈使句的定义表示命令、建议、请求、禁止、警告、劝告等的句子。.祈使句的形式肯定式形式例句动词原形(+其他成分)Stand there !站在那里！Let+宾语+动词原形Let me have a break.让我歇会儿。Be+过去分词 Be seated, please.请坐。否认式 在肯定式前加dont或do not Do

17、n11 be so sure.别 那么有把握。Please dont forget to take your medicine.请你不要忘了吃药。Dont let him go!别让他 走！Let+宾语+not+动词原形 Let him not stand in the rain. 让他别站在雨里了。强调式Do+动词原形Do tell me the truth.务必和我说实 话。Never+动词原形Never e late.千万别迟到。No+ (动)名词No parking!禁止停车！.带主语的祈使句(1)为了加强语气或要特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时，需加 主语“you”，有时还可同时加称呼语

18、。Tom, you water the flowers !汤姆，你浇花！(2)命令或吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时，祈使句需加主语 “you”，还可同时加称呼语。You,girls,clean the desks； you,boys,sweep the floor. 你们女生，擦桌子。你们男生，清扫地板。(3)在表达“不高兴,厌烦”等情绪时，可加主语you” o You mind your own business!你少管闲事！祈使句的主语除了用“you”外,还可用“everybody, everyone”等，它们的位置可以放在句末。Be quiet,everyone!大家静下来！ 二、感叹句 感

19、叹词结构例句what What (+a/an) +形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)！ What a clever boy he is! =How clever the boy is! =How clever a boy he is !多聪明的男孩子啊！ What beautiful flowers they are! =How beautiful the flowers are!多美的花啊！ How wonderful (it is) !真 棒！ How time flies !时间过得真快啊！ how How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！ How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)！H

20、ow+主语+谓语！ 三、强调句 分类用法例句 陈述句It is/was+被强调局部+that/who+其他成分。被强调 局部为“人”时可用who/that,被强调局部非“人”时用 that It is I who/that am right.（强调主语）我是对的。 It was him that/who we met at the school gate.（强调 宾语）我们在学校门口遇见的是他。It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.（强调状语）汤姆是在公园丧失 了他的手表。一般疑问句Is/Was it+被强调局部+that/who+其他成分？Wa

21、s it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out ?第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+is/was it that+其他成分？ Whowas it that broke the window? 打破窗户的是谁？not. until. It is/was not until+被强调局部+that+其他成分 It was not until ten o*clock that he went to bed.直到10点他才上床睡觉。强调谓语 动词 将助动词do, did或does放在动词原形前He did write to y

22、ou last week.上周他确实给你写信了。Tom does study hard now.现在汤姆确实学习很努力。there be 句型there be句型概述 there be句型在英语中表示“什么地方或什么时间存在什么事物/人”。在这种结构中，there是引导词,be后面的名词是(3)后面接动词原形。He may lose his way.他可能会迷路。You ought to obey the law.你应该遵守法律。(4)具有助动词的作用，即可用来构成否认句、疑问句及用于简略答语。I cant swim. Can you swim?No, I can11, either.我不会游

23、泳,你会游泳吗？我也不会。3 .情态动词的基本用法(1)can,could用法例句can表示现在一般的能力，could表示过去一般的能力，即不表 示做与未做某事Mary can speak three languages.玛丽能 说三门语言。Tom could sing English songs at the age of 6.汤姆6岁就能唱英文歌了。表示请求、允许。在一般疑问句中，could可代替can,但比 can语气更委婉，答语要用can Can/Could you help me?Yes, I can. 你能帮我吗？ 可以。can表示具体事情发生的可能，常用于否认句、疑问句，表示疑惑

24、、惊讶或不相信等语气。can表示理论上的可能时可用于肯主语，句子的结尾是地点（时间）状语。There is a big tree in front of the classroom.教室前有棵大树。There will be a meeting at the conference room at 8 o* clock tomorrow morning.明天上午8点在会议室有一个会议。there be句型的主谓一致如果有两个或两个以上的主语，谓语动词be要采用就近一致 原那么。There is a pen,two books,and many pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一

25、支钢笔，两本书，还有许多铅笔。there be句型的时态there be句型有不同的时态形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情 态动词连用。There was a meeting in our school yesterday.昨天在我们学校召开了一个会议。There will be a new film on Sunday.星期日将上映一部新电影。There have been many great changes in our countrysince then.since then.自那时起，我们since then.自那时起，我们since then.自那时起，我们家发生了很多巨大的变化。Th

26、ere cant be any mistakes in his passage.他的文章里不可能有什么错误。there be句型的谓语there be句型中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be, happen to be, is likely to be 或用 remain, stand, lie, go, e, exist, follow, live, occur 等替换。There is likely to be something wrong with his puter. 他的电脑可能有毛病。Once upon a time there lived an old monk in

27、the temple.从前,那座庙里住着一个老和尚。there be句型的非谓语形式There being no enough time left,we have tohurry. (Because there is no enough time left )所剩 时间不够多了，我们得抓紧。(独立主格结构作状语)There having been no water for two days,the travelers were all very thirsty. (Because there had been no water for two days. .一）已经断水两天了，这些游客都口渴得

28、很厉害。（独立主格结构作状语）What is the chance of there being an election this year?今年举行选举的可能性有多大？ （there be的动名词形式作of的宾语）I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.我希望他有很多机会找到工作。(there be的不定式结构作 expect的宾语)there be的常用句型There is no point/sense (in)doing sth.做某事没有意义 There is no doubt about. /that.毫无疑可Th

29、ere is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没必要做某 事There is no difficulty/trouble in doing sth.做某事没 困难There is no chance/possibility of (doing) sth. /that A 句(做)某事没有可能 五、反意疑问句反意疑问句由两局部构成：陈述局部+疑问局部。陈述局部是 肯定形式时,疑问局部用否认形式，且否认形式必须为省略 式；陈述局部是否认形式时,疑问局部用肯定形式，即“前肯 定，后否认；前否认，后肯定“，疑问局部的主语要用代词。 陈述局部和疑问局部的主语以及谓语动词的

30、人称、数、时态 通常要保持一致。.陈述局部含有must/may (might)的反意疑问句当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问局部用neednt；当含有 mustnt(不允许,禁止)时，其反意疑问局部用must或may。You must go now,neednt you?你现在必须走，不是吗？You mustn1t smoke here,must/may you?你不要在这里吸烟,行吗？当must/may (might)表示推测，即must作一定，准是”讲,may/might作“可能”讲时，可首先将句子改为“I am (not)sure+that从句”，反意疑问局部的动词形式根据be (no

31、t)sure后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。You must/may(might) be hungry now, ?am sure that you are hungry now, aren1t you?-You must/may(might) be hungry now,arent you?你现在一定/可能饿了，不是吗？You must have heard about it, ?fI am sure that you have heard about it, havent you?-You must have heard about it,haven*t you?你一定听说过这件事，不是吗

32、？You must have watched that football match last night, ?fI am sure that you watched that football match last night, didn*t you?fYou must have watched that football match last night,didn*t you?你昨晚一定看那场足球赛了，不是吗？（陈述局部有表示过去 的时间状语last night）.陈述局部含有used to的反意疑问句 陈述局部含有used to时，其反意疑问局部用usednt或 didnt 均可。You

33、 used to sleep with the windows open, usedn*t/didnft you?你过去常开着窗户睡觉，不是吗？ 3.陈述局部含有ought to的反意疑问句 陈述局部含有ought to时，其反意疑问局部用oughtn11或 shouldn11 均可。He ought to attend the lecture,oughtn* t/shouldn* t he?他应该参加这场讲座，是不是？.陈述局部含有否认词或半否认词的反意疑问句 当陈述局部带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否认词或

34、半否认词时,反意疑问局部用肯定形式。He could hardly walk without a walking stick,could he?没有拐杖他几乎不能走路,是吗?.陈述局部含有否认前缀的反意疑问句如果陈述局部含有由表示“否认”意义的前缀构成的词，其反 意疑问局部一般用否认式。Tom dislikes playing tennis,doesn11 he?汤姆不喜欢打 网球，不是吗？It1 s unfair, isnt it?那不公平，是不是?.陈述局部含有宾语从句的反意疑问句(1)当陈述局部含有宾语从句时，反意疑问局部的主语和谓语应和陈述局部的主句的主语和谓语保持一致。He said

35、 that he would e to my birthday party,didn1the?他说他会来参加我的生日聚会，不是吗？(2)当陈述局部的主句谓语动词think,believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine 的主语为第 一人称时，反意疑问局部的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓 语保持一致；假设主语为第二、三人称时,反意疑问局部的主语 和谓语与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。I dont believe he will succeed,will he?我认为他不会成功,是吗？They dont believe Jack will succeed, do th

36、ey?他们不相信杰克会成功,对吗？.陈述局部是祈使句的反意疑问句反意疑问句的陈述局部为祈使句时，其疑问局部不表示反意， 而表示一种语气。其结构为：否认祈使句,will you?肯定祈使句，will/wont you?Let1s. ,shall we?Let us. ,will you?Open the door,will/won11 you?翻开门，好吗？Lets go out for a walk,shall we?我们出去散步，好吗？Let us go home now,will you?现在，(您)让我们回家吧，好吗？.回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原那么(1)要么肯定到底，要么否认到底，不会

37、出现Yes, I dont.或 No, I do.的形式。(2)不管陈述局部为否认，还是反意疑问局部为否认，回答时只 看所提到的事情是否发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，反之，用 否认回答。如：当对方问你You arent a teacher, are you?或 You are a teacher, arent you? 时，你只要听懂 you和teacher两个单词即可，如果你是老师，回答Yes, I am.,反之，回答“No, I am not.。.反意疑问局部的主语和陈述局部的主语在人称、数上保持 一致的几种情况陈述局部主语反意疑问局部主语例句one （指人）one或you （非正式场合）

38、One cant be careful enough, can you/one?再小心也不为过，是吧？ this, that, these, those it 或 they This isnt a fast train, is it?这不是一列快车，对吗？ everything, anything, something, nothing it Nothing happened to him, did it?他没发生什么事，是吗？ everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody he 或 they （

39、更常见）Nobody likes to be laughed at,没人愿意被嘲笑,是吗？ 不定式、动名词、主语从句it Learning English well takes a lot of time,doesn11 it?学好英语需要很多时间， 对吗？there be 句型 there There will be rain tomorrow, won11 there?明天要下雨，是吗？ There should be no problem, should there?应该没什么问题,是吗？六、倒装句.完全倒装谓语局部完全放在主语之前的句子为完全倒装句。这类句型 主要有两种：用法例句表示地

40、点、方位或时间的副词或介词短语，如here,there,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in theroom, on the wall等置于句首，且主语是名词时South of the river lies a small factory. 一个小型工厂坐落在这条河的南边。Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了 出去。Inshe came.她走了进来。（主语是代词时,句子不倒装） such+be+主语 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century* s greatest sc

41、ientist.这就是阿尔 伯特爱因斯坦，一个简朴的人,也是20世纪最伟大的科学 家。河的南边。.局部倒装只把谓语的一局部（多为be动词、助动词或情态动词）置于主 语之前的句子叫局部倒装句。条件例句only修饰副词、介词短语或从句作状语,且放在句首时Only in this way can we learn English well.只有用这种方法 我们才能学好英语。表否认意义的副词 never,nor,not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否认意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in

42、no case,by no means,on no condition 等置于句首时 Never before have I seen such a moving film.以前我从未看过这么感人的电 影。Not a single mistake did he make.他一个错误也没 犯。“so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为: 也是如此They love making lots of friends； so do I.他们喜欢交很多朋 友,我也是如此。“neither7nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为：也不Lily can*t ride a bicycle； neither/

43、nor canLucy.莉莉不会骑自行车，露西也不会。So+adj./adv. + 局部倒装+that.Such ( +a/an) +adj.+n. +局部倒装+that. To such a degree/length/. + 局部倒装 +that. 如此以至于 Such a fine day is itthat we*d like to play outside.天气如此好以至于我们想 去外面玩。To such a length did he speak that everyone got bored.他的讲话如此冗长以至于人人都烦了。“Neither+局部倒装,nor+局部倒装”表示：既

44、不也 定句。could表示推测时比can可能性小，可用于肯定句、否 定句和疑问句That cant be true.那不可能是真的。（具体事情发生的可能，表示不相信）Accidents can happen in this weather.这种天气可能会发生事故。（理论上的可能性） It could be weeks before we get a reply. 我们可 能要等好几个星期才得到回复。用于固定句型中：can*t. too/enough （无论也不为过）；cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事；cant help but do sth.不得不做某事；cannot/co

45、uld not but do sth. 不得不做某事I can* t thank him too much.我怎么感谢他也不为过。I could not but admire her.我不得不佩服 她。（2）may,might用法例句may表示请求或允许,意为：可以。might表示请求时语气更 为委婉。might为may的过去式，常用于间接引语You may- leave the book where it was.你可以把书放在原来的位 置。She said I might call her at the weekend. （间接 引语）她说我可以周末给她打 。may,might表示推测，用

46、于肯定句，意为可能；may not意 为“可能不”，如表达不可能”那么用cant This coat may不 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.我不知道这件事，也不关心。“Not only+局部倒装,but also.”表示：不仅而且Not only will help be given to people to findjobs,but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而 且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供药物治疗。n

47、ot until作状语或引导状语从句置于句首时，句子/主句需部 morning could he fall asleep.直到凌晨4点他才睡着。分倒装，意为：直到才Not until 4： 00 分倒装，意为：直到才Not until 4： 00 in the上直到我来了妈妈才上床睡觉。含助动词had, were或情态动词should的if虚拟条件从句,如将if省略时（详见“虚拟语气”局部）.形式倒装形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是：只把强调的 内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。条件例句感叹句 What an interesting talk they had!他们进行了一次多么有趣的谈话呀

48、！“the+比拟级.，the+比拟级.”句型The more youlisten to English,the easier it bees.你听英语听得越多, 它就变得越简单。what ever/however.引导的让步状语从句However difficult the problem may be,we must work it out this evening.无论这个问题会有多难，今晚我们必须解决它。as, though引导让步状语从句时采用倒装形式的情况 表语的 倒装 Tired as/though he was,he still went on with his work.尽管很

49、累，他还是继续工作。谓语动词的倒装 Try as he might,he didn*t pass the exam.尽管尽力了,但他考试还是不及格。状语的倒装 Much as he likes the bike,he doesn*t want to buy it.他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车,但不想买它。七、省略1.状语从句的省用法例句 当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语 一致或是it,且从句谓语中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中 的主语和 be 动词 Dont speak until (you are) spoken to.有人和你说话时你再说。Come tomorrow if

50、(it is) possible.如果可能的话，就明天来吧。She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone.她站在门口好 像在等人。用so或not代替上文内容，此时可用“if+so/not”省略句式Get up early tomorrow. If not (=If you dont get up early) ,you will miss the first bus.用so你不早起,你就赶不上首班公共汽车。.He may not be at home. If so (=If he is not at home then) ,

51、 leave him a note.那时他可能不在家。如果他不在家的话，给他留个便条。2.不定式的省用法例句 在一定的上下文中，为了防止重复，可以省去不定式中与前 句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保存不定式符号to。否认形式 的省略用not too但如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保存 be,have 和 have been I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.我叫他看电影，但是他不想 看。The driver wanted to park his car by the roadside but was aske

52、d by the police not to.那位司机 想把车停在路边，但警察不让他那样做。一Are you a sailor? No,but I used to be.你是水手吗？不是,但我过去是。be Peters.这件大衣可能是彼得的。This coat may not be Peters.这件大衣可能不是彼得的。may表示祝愿，其结构为：May+主语+动词原形May you succeed!祝你成功！用于固定句型中：may/might as well do不妨,还是做为好；may/might well+do (=be very likely to do)很有可 能做 So you mi

53、ght as well do what you love. 所以你不妨做你喜欢的事情。Her appearance has changed so much that you might well not recognize her.她的模样变 化如此大，你很有可能认不出她了。(3) must用法例句表示必要性,意为：必须，其否认式为neednt/dont have to Must I give up smoking?我必须戒烟吗？ 一Yes, you must.是的，你必须。/No, you needn*t/don*t have to.不, 你不必。mustnt表示：禁止，为may作“可以“讲

54、时的否认式You mustnt smoke here.你不可以在这里吸烟。表坚持，意为：偏要，非要Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出这么大声吗？表推断，用于肯定句，意为：一定，准是You must be tiredafter your long walk.你走了那么长的路后，一定累了。（4）shall用法例句表示征求对方意见或请求，用于第一、三人称的疑问句中 Shall I/he go to see you?我/他去看你，好吗？用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者的意志，用来表达 说话者给对方的命令、警告、允诺等。在条约、规定、法令 等文件中表示义务或规定

55、，意为“应该；必须“ You shall have a new dress for your birthday. 你过生日一定会有 件新连衣裙。Each petitor shall wear a number.每个参 赛者要戴一个号码。（规定）（5）should用法例句=ought to,意为：应该。可表示义务上的“应该“，也可表示 推测上的按说应该You should/ought to be listening. 你应该听才对。（义务上的“应该）He should/ought to arrive by now.现在他按说应该到了。（推测上的“按说应 该”）表示说话人的惊讶、难以置信等情绪,意

56、为：竟然Its strange that he should be late.真奇怪，他竟然会迟到。 用作shall的过去式，置于I或we之后,表示打算或期望做的 事 We knew that we should be leaving the next day.我 们知道我们第二天就要走。与表示命令、建议、请求、要求的动词或名词连用 用于表示与将来事实相反的if从句中(6) will, would用法例句 用于各种人称，表示主语的意愿和意志He will take you home.他愿意送你回家。用于第二人称的一般疑问句，表示请求Will/Would you go with me?你愿意和我

57、一起去吗？ will用来表达目前的习惯；would表示过去的习惯He would get up early when he lived in the country.他住在乡下 时总是早起。（7）need,dare分类用法例句实义动词有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否认句或疑问 句中，构成否认句或疑问句时要用助动词do,does, didHe neednft do it.（情态动词）He doesn11 need to do it.（实义动词）Dare you jump off the high wall?（情 态动词）Do you dare （to） jump off the high wall?（实义动词）He dared not do it.（情态动词）Hedidnt dare (to) do it.(实义动词)Try it if you dare e here.（情态动词）情态动词没有人称和数的变化（dare可以有过去式dared）， 直接接动