考点20-阅读理解之七选五(二)-备战2022年高考英语纠错

1、优点英语考点20 阅读理解之七选五的高考实战（二）第2部分4种线索定答案该题备选项也可分为标题类、或主题句类(概括总结类)，过渡类(承上启下类)和细节发展类三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三个方面进行设置，例如主题概括类或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题。过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上下文脱节等。七个选项通常都以句子、短语或半句形式设置。 技巧指导线索1代词指代线索典例片段1(2021河南名校模考，片段)语篇类型：议论文主题语境：学校生活If you were to drop in on any American high school these days, what wou

2、ld you see? Cell phones. Lots of them. _1_ And its typical to see them tapping away or listening to music through their earphones.Most schools allow students to have cell phones for safety . . However, none of these supposed advantages can overcome one very basic disadvantage . So whats the solution

3、? . The effective teacher must connect with his or her students in order to hold their attention . AEveryone likes using phones.BVirtually all students have one.CThe teachers goal must be to attract their desire to learn.DUsing phones to take notes in the classroom becomes popular.EThey can serve as

4、 notepads or as an alarm for setting study reminders.FEventually, the teacher warns them that their phones will be taken away.GCell phones make students fail to focus on schoolwork and class activities.【错因分析】没有明确代词“them”的指代内容。【学霸纠错】分析上文：“Cell phones. Lots of them.”有很多人带手机。下文提示：“see them tapping”中的代词

5、them指代复数名词。分析语境：说明此处应该提到them所代替的词。对比选项：B项“Virtually all students have one.”中one指代上文提到的Cell phones。其中的students是下文them指代的内容，故选B。线索2词汇复现线索典例片段2(2018全国卷，片段)语篇类型：说明文主题语境：日常生活 . Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. _1_， they can

6、get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.AWhile all of them are useful BWhatever youre looking for CIf youre experimenting with a color DSmall color choices

7、are the ones were most familiar with EIts not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces FSo it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time GColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways【错因分析】没有充分利用词汇在文章中反复出现的情况，来分析选项的内容。【学霸纠错】上文词汇：上文

8、提到“Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. (多年来，有许多不同的技术来帮助设计师处理这一重要问题。)”由“important point”可知，这些技巧应该是“有用的(be useful)”。下文词汇：下文“a little complex”与“are useful”是对比转折关系。代词替代：all of them指代上文提到的“a number of different techniques”。锁定答案

9、：A项“尽管这些技巧都很有用”，与下文“they can get a little complex”呼应，故选A。线索3逻辑关系线索典例片段3(2018全国卷，片段)语篇类型：说明文主题语境：日常生活 . The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. _1_.

10、AWhile all of them are useful BWhatever youre looking for CIf youre experimenting with a color DSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar with EIts not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time GColor choi

11、ces in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways【错因分析】学生没有注意或者发现表达因果关系的连词“so”,就不能准确定义句子之间的逻辑关系。【学霸纠错】上文内容：上文提到“Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. (无论你是在看墙纸还是油漆，投入的时间、精力和相关花费都是很重要的。)”关系确定：此处是因果关系。选项中关键词“

12、so” “because”使上下文顺畅连接。对比分析：“付出肯定是值得的，因为你想在第一次就把事情做好。”故选F。线索4平行结构线索典例片段4(2019北京海淀模考，片段)语篇类型：说明文主题语境：学校生活 . So what can you do to fight against the negative mindset and stay calm before and during your test? _1_ Yes, this seems obvious, but its worth repeating. If you feel confident that youve prepare

13、d thoroughly, youll feel more confident walking into the test. The second tip is simple: just start. The blank page can maximize your anxiety. . Besides, allocating (分配) your time is equally important. Look through the whole test before getting started. Mentally allocate how much time youll spend on

14、 each section. If theres time to recheck, even better. AThe first thing you should do is to be prepared.BPeople often deal with exam stress in many unhelpful ways.CIf these classic signs of exam anxiety sound familiar, youre not alone!DTherefore, people need an appropriate amount of pressure to help

15、 deal with exams.ERealizing time is almost up and that theres still a lot of blank space will make you desperate.FHowever, if you are overly anxious about the result, you may be unable to focus on your work.GAfter you get the paper, dive right in by getting some questions done to build up your confi

16、dence.【错因分析】学生忽略了文章的行文结构，上文提出问题，下文应该作答。【学霸纠错】锁定主旨：以问题形式引入，如何与考试时的负面情绪抗争？正确分析：下文应该是对该问题的回答。相似句型：下文提到“The second tip is .”以及“Besides, .”。确定答案：此处应该与“The second tip is .”是平行结构，属于第一条建议。A项“The first thing you should do is to be prepared.”符合语境，故选A。 实战应用(2020安徽江南十校二模)语篇类型：说明文主题语境：资源保护 Conservation requires

17、the reasonable use of all Earths natural resources. People who are concerned about conservation try their best to protect natural resources.Some resources are renewable. _1_ But renewable resources can still be damaged or destroyed. For example, people may catch too many of one type of fish. If not

18、enough fish are left, that type of fish might die out. Conservation helps people keep renewable resources in good supply.Some resources are nonrenewable, which means they cannot be replaced. Fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are examples of nonrenewable resources. People can conserve nonrenewable

19、resources by using them carefully. _2_3_ For example, cars make travel easy, but they also produce a lot of air pollution. To have clean air, people can choose to drive less and walk more. Such changes can be tough when people have gotten used to a certain lifestyle.Money is another reason why conse

20、rvation can be a challenge. For example, a timber (木材) company might be able to protect forest animals by limiting the number of trees it cuts. _4_Everyone can contribute to conservation in one way or another. People can recycle paper, glass, and other materials. _5_ Governments can make laws that h

21、elp to keep the air and water clean.AIndustries can limit the amount of pollution they create.BThey also try to keep the environment clean and healthy.CBut it might not be willing to do so because it will make less profit.DRecycling saves resources by reusing materials that would be thrown away.EThe

22、y can also look for other alternative resources that serve the same purpose. FConservation can be hard because it can require people to give up some conveniences.GLiving things, such as plants and animals are such examples because they can reproduce themselves.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们保护自然资源的原因、困难及解决办法。

23、1G该空是段中过渡句，采用例证法(关键词是“such examples”)对上文提到的关键词“renewable”作进一步解释。根据复现信息“reproduce themselves”可以判断出正确答案。2E上文提到“people”，如果再次提到，可以用they来代替。上文使用“People can conserve nonrenewable resources”结构，下文采用“People can also .”结构说明节约不可再生资源的另一种方法。3F下一段提到“Money is another reason”，说明空格处是其中一个使保护自然资源面临困难的原因。再由下文“For examp

24、le”可知，空格所表达的内容与此处例子相关。再由复现信息“Such changes can be tough”可推知正确选项。4C上文提到“limiting the number of trees it cuts”，靠木材生存的厂家要减少砍伐树木的数量，势必造成利润减少，所以下文应该是转折句。5A上文提到保护自然资源遇到的问题，举例时提到私家车(cars)和木材公司(timber company)。空格所在段落是解决的办法，空格前提到个人(people)该怎么做，后面提到政府(government)该采取的措施，那么可以推断，此处应该是像木材公司这样的行业(industries)该怎么去做。专

25、题强化训练(一) (1)(2021湖北七市联考)There was a survey of the people who were born from 1980 to 2000, asking them what their most important life goals were. Over 80 percent said it was to get rich. _1_ Were constantly told to devote more to our work, to push harder and to achieve more. Were given the impression

26、 that these are the things that we need to go after to have a good life. But is that the truth? _2_But what if we could study people from the time when they were teenagers all the way into old age to see what really keeps people happy and healthy? The Harvard Study of Adult Development did it. For 7

27、5 years, theyve tracked the lives of 724 men. Studies like this are extremely rare. Almost all projects of this kind fall apart within a decade because too many people drop out of the study. _3_ Or the researchers cant get together. But through a combination of luck and the persistence of several ge

28、nerations of researchers, this study has survived.So what have they learned? The conclusion is that its not wealth or fame that counts. _4_ Theyve learned three big lessons about relationships. Firstly, people who are more socially connected to family, to friends and to community are happier and phy

29、sically healthier. The second is that its not just the number of friends you have but the quality of your close relationships that matters. And the third is that good relationships dont just protect our bodies. _5_AThey can even protect our brains.BTo become famous came second.COr funding for the re

30、search dries up.DThe good life is built with relationships.EIt turns out that being in conflict is bad for our health.FIt is good relationships that keep us happier and healthier.GTo be frank, sometimes wealth and fame can make people happy.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于什么能真正让人们快乐和健康的研究。结果发现，让我们更快乐、更健康的不

31、是财富和名望，而是良好的人际关系。1B根据设空处前两句可知有一项对1980年到2000年出生的人的调查，询问他们最重要的生活目标是什么，超过80%的人说最重要的生活目标是变富有。B项“目标为想要出名次之”，符合语境，故选B。2G根据设空处前两句“Were given the impression that these are the things that we need to go after to have a good life. But is that the truth？”可知，我们得到的印象是，为了过上美好的生活，我们需要追求这些东西。但事实果真如此吗？G项“坦率地说，有时财富和名

32、望能使人快乐”，符合语境，故选G。3C设空处上一句“Almost all projects of this kind fall apart within a decade because too many people drop out of the study.”(几乎所有这类项目在十年内都会分崩离析，因为有太多人退出了这项研究)及设空处下一句“Or the researchers cant get together.”都在解释这类研究稀少的原因。C项“或是研究经费枯竭”也是原因之一，符合语境，故选C。4F本段主要叙述良好的人际关系令我们更快乐，身体更健康，F项“良好的人际关系让我们更快乐、

33、更健康”，符合语境，故选F。5A根据设空处上一句“And the third is that good relationships dont just protect our bodies.”可知良好的人际关系不仅仅是保护我们的身体。A项“它们甚至可以保护我们的大脑”，符合语境，故选A。词汇积累track vt. 追踪combination n. 合并persistence n. 毅力count v. 计算；视为；依赖；重要，有价值难句分析第三段第二句：The conclusion is that its not wealth or fame that counts.译文：结论是财富和名声都不

34、重要。分析：这是一个主从复合句。第一个that引导表语从句。在表语从句中有一个强调句型“its . that .”。count是动词，意为“重要，有意义”。(2)(2019北京海淀模考)Benefits of SportsDoing sports is a physical, mental and social adventure. Its a great way for children to take a break from academics and release extra energy. It also helps them lead fuller and happier liv

35、es as regular sports have proven to improve overall wellbeing.The physical benefits of doing sports are probably the most obvious. Regardless of your fitness level when you start playing sports, youll notice an increase in your overall fitness once youre involved. _1_ Basketball players focus on str

36、ength training; football players work on speed while track athletes train through longer runs. The training process helps promote physical fitness and performances in competitions. _2_ Playing sports contributes to mental health, helping to increase confidence and selfworth. A pat on the back, highf

37、ive from a teammate, or handshake after a match really boosts a childs confidence. Words of praise and encouragement from the coach, parents and other players raise the selfworth. _3_ So after a game, its a better idea to ask “Did you enjoy the game？” rather than “Did you win？”Children who participa

38、te in sports might also benefit from the social aspect, feeling part of a group, building up accountability and leadership. _4_ Teamwork involves both being dependable as a teammate and learning to rely on your teammates to achieve a positive outcome. Teamwork breeds accountability and challenges yo

39、u to be responsible for your actions. Being part of a team gives you an opportunity to be a leader.Discipline is another social advantage. Most organized sports require a strict training and practice schedule. As a studentathlete, you need to balance academics and athletics. _5_There is no shortage

40、of reasons to find a sport to get involved in. Are you ready to go? Pick one and get moving!AIts not just your body that benefits from sports.BTherefore, playing sports is going to make you more fit.CBut remember, a childs selfworth should not be distinguished by victory or loss.DIf you play group s

41、ports, youll be part of a team that takes direction from a coach.ENearly every sport requires physical activity and the skills needed to be competitive.FAmong these, learning how to function as part of a team is the most important advantage.GOnly with strict discipline can you be successful both in

42、the classroom and in the sports field.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了体育运动的益处。1E主题句是“运动对身体的好处”。根据设空处后一句可知，篮球运动员注重力量训练，足球运动员侧重速度，而田径运动员通过长跑训练。由此推知，几乎每一项运动都需要体力活动和具有竞争力的技能。故选E项。2A下句提到“Playing sports contributes to mental health, helping to increase confidence and selfworth.(运动有助于心理健康，有助于增强自信和自我价值)”说明此处应该是运动不仅仅对身体有好处

43、。故选A。3C下句提到应该问“你喜欢这场比赛吗？”而不是“你赢了吗？”，C项关键词“should not be distinguished by victory or loss”与此呼应。4F下句关键词是“Teamwork”，与选项F中“function as part of a team”呼应。5G本段讲的是运动带来的纪律方面的好处，只有G项“只有严格遵守纪律，你才能在课堂上和运动场上都取得成功。”与此呼应，而且与上句紧密相连。词汇积累wellbeing n. 健康；幸福accountability n责任get involved in 参与难句分析第二段第二句：Regardless of

44、your fitness level when you start playing sports, youll notice an increase in your overall fitness once youre involved.译文：当你开始运动的时候，无论你的健康水平如何，一旦你参加了运动，你会发现你的整体健康水平有了提高。分析：这是一个主从复合句。regardless of引导让步状语从句，“不管，不顾”。when引导时间状语从句。once引导时间状语从句，“一旦”。(3)(原创题)How to Write a PlayA stage play involves drama an

45、d action as its most pure actions. _1_ If you want to join the ranks of Shakespeare, Ibsen, and Arthur Miller, you need to develop a bold, characterdriven story meant to be performed in a theatre. Start with characters. Plays are characterdriven pieces of writing. Since its basically going to be a l

46、ot of talking between people, your characters need to be as believable as possible. In great plays, the inner tensions between characters enact themselves in external ways. _2_3_ The setting of the play is where and when the story takes place. Placing your character in a tense situation or location

47、is an important way to create drama. Combining character and setting can also be a good way of developing your character, and figuring out what kind of story might result from their placement in that setting. Understand the limitations of the stage. _4_ A play is basically an ongoing series of conve

48、rsations between people. The focus needs to be on the tension between the characters, the language, and on developing your characters into believable people. It isnt a great medium for gun fights and car chases.Always be moving forward. In the early drafts, youll probably write a lot of scenes that

49、wander without really going anywhere. Thats OK. Sometimes you need to have the character spend a long awkward dinner conversation with their brotherinlaw to find out something that gives you a whole new perspective on the drama. Great！_5_ But it doesnt necessarily mean the whole dinner date is impor

50、tant to the play.AConsider the setting.BBe sure to include why the setting is how it is.CRemember: youre not writing a movie.DAll youve got to work with is characters and language.EThat means youre writing successfully.FIts important to see new plays if youre going to write new plays.GThey need to h

51、ave problems that show up in their behavior.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。想写出优秀的舞台剧本吗？读完本篇文章，会让你受益良多。1D选项D与设空处前面的“drama and action as its most pure actions”呼应，也与后面的“characterdriven”呼应，因此选D。2G根据设空处前面的“the inner tensions between characters enact themselves in external ways”以外部的方式表演出这些人物性格的内在紧张性，可知他们需要通过行为来表达内心问题，故选G。

52、3A选项A与设空处后面的“The setting of the play”中的setting呼应，故选A。4C选项C与标题“Understand the limitations of the stage.(理解舞台的局限性)”有关，根据本段最后一句话也可知，舞台剧不能呈现枪战和飞车追逐，因此选C“记住：你不是在写电影剧本”。5E根据设空处前面的“Great”可知，在写作方面有了很大的成功。词汇积累characterdriven adj. 角色驱动的ongoing adj. 继续进行的，不断发展的medium n. 媒介，手段，方法awkward adj. 令人尴尬的；使人难堪的难句分析第三段最

53、后一句：Combining character and setting can also be a good way of developing your character, and figuring out what kind of story might result from their placement in that setting.译文：将角色和背景结合起来也是一个好方法，它可以发展你的角色，以及弄清楚他们在那个背景中可能会发展出什么样的故事。分析：这是一个简单句。句中现在分词短语Combining character and setting作主语，a good way为表语。

54、介词短语of developing your character, and figuring out . 作后置定语修饰way; figuring out后是what引导的宾语从句。(4)(2020湖南长沙模考)It is not as simple as opening the door and hitting the track in winter. There are a few things you can do to ensure you are getting the most out of your run, and, importantly, not doing more ha

55、rm than good.Warm up, cool down_1_ Your muscles need some time to warm up when its cold, so take it easy when you set off and do a few stretches (伸展) once youre finished.Drink waterYou might not feel hot, but thats because sweat evaporates (蒸发) more quickly into the chilly, dry air. So be sure to dr

56、ink water before, during and after coldweather workouts. _2_ A belt bottle conveniently attaches to your waist so you dont have to carry it and can have a drink whenever you feel like it._3_Running in cotton is a bad idea. Wear thin, breathable layers of synthetic (合成的) clothing that help protect yo

57、u from the wind and snow, but still let out heat and moisture (水分). Thirty percent of your body heat escapes through your hands and forty percent through your head. Wear a hat, or beanie (无边小便帽), and gloves so your circulatory system can distribute warm blood to the rest of your body. _4_Run into th

58、e wind_5_ Obviously, it will be an easier passage home with some extra help from Mother Nature. But, more importantly, you wont have the wind in your face for the second half of your run, when you are more likely to be sweating and catch a chill.ADress right.BKeep warm.CDont go too fast, too soon.DS

59、tart and finish in the same way.EDont wait to drink water until you feel thirsty.FHead out into the wind and come home with it at your back.GOn really cold days, wear a mask or scarf over your mouth to protect your face.eq x(篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冬天外出锻炼时应该了解的常识。)1C由设空后的“Your muscles need some time to war

60、m up”(你的肌肉需要一些时间来热身)和“take it easy”可知，不要急于跑得过快。2E本段主题是“喝水”。由设空前的“确保之前喝水”可知，此处应该是“不要等到渴了再喝水”。3A本段讲的是跑步时穿戴方面的一些注意事项。故A项符合语境。4G上文提到跑步时穿的衣服、戴的帽子和手套等，此处应该是戴上口罩或围巾保护面部。5F由该段最后一句可知，在跑步的后半段，当你更有可能出汗和受凉的时候，你不要迎着风，因此这是介绍逆风运动、顺风回家的必要性。F项符合题意。词汇积累ensure vt. 确保attach to 附着于 distribute vt. 分配；散布难句分析第二段第二句：Your mu