定语从句小结讲义-高三英语一轮复习

1、 定语从句修饰某一名词或代词或整个句子的从句叫定语从句，它一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词或句子之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词可分为关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose, as）和关系副词（when, where, why）。定语从句的引导词取决于定语从句中缺少何种成分和先行词是人/物。定语从句关系词的选择从句中缺少成分先行词关系词从句中缺少主语指物that/which从句中缺少主语指人that/who从句中缺少宾语指物that/which从句中缺少宾语指人that/who/whom从句中缺少定语指人/物whose（whose +

2、n. =the+ n. + of which或 of which + the + n.）从句中缺少状语指地点指时间指原因where = at/in/on/during whichwhen = in/at whichwhy = for which整个主句which/asThe classroom whose door / the door of which / of which the door is broken is on the second floor.I still remember the days when/ during which I stayed in Beijing. I

3、still remember the days which/that we spent together.He showed me the place where / in which he lived. This is the place which/that we visited last year.I dont know the reason why / for which he looks unhappy today. The reason which/that you gave us was unacceptable.特殊情况及疑难点：一、只用that不用which的情况1、先行词为

4、 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时。Here is something (that) I will tell you.2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时。Is it the very one that you want?3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。This is the most interesting story (t

5、hat) I have ever heard.The first meeting(that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.当先行词是数词时。6、当先行词既指人又指物时。I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see.7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用 that。8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词

6、宜用that。10、主句的主语为which/who时，关系代词用that。11、有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。Who is the man that is standing there? / Which is the book that you want to borrow?They have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.二、只用which不用that的情况1、 当介词放在关系代词之前时。 We depend on the land

7、 from which we get our food.2、 在非限制性定语从句中。The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.3、 当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。 He was late again, which made the teacher angry.三、只用who不用that的情况1、当先行词是one, ones,anyone或those时。2、there be 结构中。Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. / There is an

8、 old man who wants to see you.3、当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时。4、为了避免重复或引起歧义。5、当先行词是I,you,he,they等时（常用于谚语中）。6、先行词是指成员的集体名词。7、who可以引导非限制性定语从句。8、先行词是拟人化的名词。9、先行词指特定的人时用who,不指特定的人用that。四、当先行词是way，关系词在从句中作状语且意为“方式、方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词可以用that /in which /不填。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，按正常的定语从句分析。Thisisthewayweve alwaysdoneit. / Im disg

9、ustedwiththeway thathewas treated.五、介词与关系代词1、介词如何确定（1）依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定（2）依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定（3）根据意思来确定2、关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置（1）whom和which可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。（2）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，如look at, listen to, look for寻找, look after = take care of照顾, hear of/about听说, hear from收到的信, care for关心，

10、照顾；喜欢, look forward to盼望，期待, pay attention to注意。You can have a look at the flowers which she takes good care of. （3）关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。（4）关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。3、“名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有：名词/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/a little/the+比较级/the+

11、最高级+of+which/whom。六、定语从句中的主谓一致1、关系代词作从句主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you.2、“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the,the only,the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam. / Tom is th

12、e only one of the boys who has passed the exam.七、as与which的区别a、位置不同：as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。Im disgustedwiththeway thathewas treated.b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”，表意料之中。which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事”，表出乎意料。注意：as常用于下列结构, 一般不能用which代替as：as we know/ as is known to all众所周知,

13、 as we all can see正如我们所见, as has been said before/above如前所述/如上所述, as might be excepted这可能是例外, as is often the case情况常常如此或者such（+名词）+as.（像一样的，像之类的）, such（+名词）+as.（像一样的，像之类的）As is known to us all, China is in the east of Asia.Jack has won first prize, as it often happens. / She has been absent again,

14、as is expected.We have found such materials as are used in their factory. /I have the same book as he has.c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。八、一些特殊的先行词如situation, point, case, stage, scene, occasion等在定语从句中作状语时，看作地点。Weve just reached a point where / at which both sides will sit down

15、 together and talk.考点练透1She is going to settle in Shanghai, _ she has some close friends.2“You cant judge a book by its cover,” _ the old saying goes.3Ill never forget the days_we studied in the university.4They have reached the point_they have to separate with each other.5Any student_family is too

16、poor to go to school can get help from the government. 6He did an excellent job in the final exam, _made his parents very happy. 7The tower, _ base is a shop, is frequently visited by travelers. 8_ was reported in the paper, no people died in the accident. 9Her performances on the stage were perfect

17、，_ made a lot of people admire her.10When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything _ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. 11He wrote many books, two of_ have been published so far. 12My father is the first person to _ I will turn for help when I meet difficu

18、lties. 13This is the most interesting book _ I have read. 14This is the very place _ Im wishing to live in. 15The people_whom Mr. Smith associates are all highly respectable. 16This is the very hotel _ I stayed at when I was travelling here.17Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made in

19、to television series. 18They also had a small pond _they raised fish. 19I live next door to a couple_children often make a lot of noise.20We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_the weather may be better. 21Many young people, most of_were well-educated, headed for remote regions to c

20、hase their dreams. 22Opposite is St.Pauls Church, _ you can hear some lovely music.23Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, _ the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. 24In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _ are w

21、omen.25The students benefitting most from college are those _ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources.26The experiment has reached a stage _ they can almost do nothing about it.AwhichBthatCwhereDwhat27. Who is the man _was standing there

22、? AwhoBwhichCthatDwhom28. A bus company_ driver caused an accident while using his mobile phone has been fined 10,000 yuan.AwhichBwhoCwhoseDwhat29. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.Awhich priceBof which priceCprice of whichDwhose price30. He talked happily about the m

23、en and books _ interested him greatly in the school.AthatBwhenCwhoDWhich高考真题1. (2020年新高考卷39) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum _ opened in 1759.2. (2020年新高考卷60) The Digital World is a set of volumes _ aim to describe how di

24、gital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.3. (2020年全国卷63) Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _ it could send signa

25、ls to the spacecraft and to Earth.4. (2020年全国卷61) In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike.5. (2019年全国卷64) They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.6. (2017全国卷64) But Sarah, _ has taken part in shows along with top models,

26、wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.7. (2016全国卷65) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _ I was the first Western TV reporter8. (2018年全国卷66) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 m

27、inutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.答案详解：考点练透1.考查定语从句。句意：俗话说：“不能以貌取人。”在非限制性定语从句中缺少宾语，且表示“正如”，所以应用关系代词as。故填as。2.考查定语从句。句意：到目前为止，我们已经为贫困的孩子们筹集了5万英镑，这是非常出乎意料的。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且修饰主句，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。3.考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生的脚受了重伤，很快被送往当地医院。在非限制性定语从句中不缺

28、少主语、宾语或表语，且foot和先行词Mr Smith构成所属关系，所以应用关系代词whose表示“的”。故填whose。4.考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个比以往任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。在定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为age，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。5.考查定语从句。句意：女孩和姐姐一起安排在训练中心上钢琴课，她会在那里呆一个小时。在定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为centre，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。6.考查定语从句。句意：所有在场的人都反对这个项目的原因是它会造成很多污染。在定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先

29、行词为reason，所以应用关系副词why。故填why。7.考查定语从句。句意：你们还想为自己说些什么？嗯，有一点我们必须坚持。在定语从句中缺少宾语，且先行词为point，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。8.考查定语从句。句意：他们已经到了不得不彼此分开的地步。在定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为point，为抽象地点，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。9which【详解】_ made a lot of people admire her.是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句内容，所以填which。10that【详解】考查定语从句。句意

30、：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新的经历与旧的记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，修饰先行词everything，是不定代词，关系代词只用that不用which，故填that。11which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他写了许多书，其中两本已出版。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词books在从句中充当介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。12. whom【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我父亲是我遇到困难时第一个寻求帮助的人。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词person，作介词to的宾语，指

31、人，在“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句中只能用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。13that【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我读过的最有趣的书。分子句子结构， I have read. 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the most interesting book ，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，指物，且先行词被形容词最高级修饰，所以只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。14that【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我希望居住的地方。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是place，从句中作宾语，由the very修饰，用关系代词that。故填that。15with【详解】考查短语和定语从句。句意：与史密

32、斯先生交往的那些人都很受人尊敬。短语associate with，意为“与交往”，分析句子可知，whom Mr. Smith associates为定语从句，先行词是The people，在从句中作with的宾语，故填with。16that【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：这就是我在这里旅行时住过的旅馆。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the very hotel，（先行词中由the very修饰时，通常用关系代词that指代事物，）关系代词that引导从句，在从句中作介词at的宾语。故填that。17which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：玛利亚写了2本小说，两本都被拍成了电视

33、连续剧。先行词是 novels，在定语从句中做介词of的宾语，指物，用which引导定语从句，故填which。18where【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们还有一个小池塘，他们在那里面养鱼。分析句子结构可知，_ they rasied fish是定语从句， a small pond作定语从句的先行词，从句缺少地点状语，要用where引导。 故填where。19whose【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常吵闹。本句为定语从句，修饰先行词couple（夫妇），且先行词在从句中作宾语，故用关系代词whose。故填whose。20when【详解】考查非限制性定语从句

34、关系副词。句意：我们将公园野餐推迟到下周，那个时候天气会更好。分析句子可知，“the weather may be better.”在句中作定语，是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词next week，先行词next week在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。21whom【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好的教育，前往偏远地区追逐自己的梦想。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词people，且作介词of的宾语，指人应使用whom。故填whom。22where【详解】考查定语从句。句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到一些优美的音

35、乐。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词St.Pauls Church，且先行词在从句中作的是地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。23when【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一些语言专家认为大约10,000年前时，世界人口只有五百万到一千万，他们这些人之间说的语言可能有12,000种。根据语法分析，空格所在的句子是非限制性定语从句修饰“10,000 years ago”，从句中作时间状语。故填when。24whom【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们工厂有2000个工人，其中三分之二是女性。此处是“介词短语+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是workers，指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，应使用whom引导，故填wh