英语语法实训教程unit11-连接词课件

1、英语语法实训教程unit11-连接词课件 I. Grammar Learning II. Grammar Practice Unit 11Connectives连接词 Unit 11ConnGrammar Learning1. Introduction of Connectives 2. Types of Connectives 3. ExamplesGrammar Learning1. Introducti1. Introduction of Attributive Clauses Connectives are words or phrases to connect words, phra

2、ses or sentences, and also to link or extend ideas and paragraphs. 连接词，也称为接续词，是指在词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子之间行使连接功能的词，也是延伸意念和段落的词或词组。1. Introduction of Attributive2. Types of Connectives coordinators or coordinating conjunctionssubordinators or subordinating conjunctionstransition words 2. Types of Connectives

3、 3. Examples 3.1 并列连词或协同连词 (Coordinating Conjunctions) (CC) 常用的并列连词有for, and, or, so, but, nor, yet , or else, whereas, as well as, both.and, not only.but also, either.or, neither.nor。 Time and tide wait for no man. We have received your telegram as well as your letter of 20th May. Both the wheat an

4、d the barley will be shipped tomorrow. The car was quite old but in excellent condition. Either you are mad or I am.3. Examples 3.1 并列连词或协同连词 He moved steadily, looking neither left nor right. It was not only unkind but also untrue. The rain began to fall, so we went home. Be quick, or it may be too

5、 late. Some people like strong tobacco, whereas/while others dont. He decided to leave at dawn, for he had many miles to cover. He moved steadily, looking 3.2 从属连接词（Subordinating Conjunctions）1）时间状语从句：when, while, as, before, after, until, till, as long as, whenever2）条件状语从句：if, unless, so long as, s

6、upposing, provided (ing), suppose3）目的状语从句：in order that, so that, lest 4）结果状语从句：so.that, such.that, so that, so5）原因状语从句：because, as, since6）让步状语从句：although, though, even though (if), while7）方式状语从句：as, the way, as though (if)8）地点状语从句：where, wherever9）比较状语从句：than, as 3.2 从属连接词（Subordinating ConjuThe n

7、ovel became even more popular after it was madeinto a movie.As winter approached, the days became shorter.How can you leave before the film is over?Until Mary leaves, wed better not discuss it.The moment the speaker appeared on the platform, we allstood up and clapped warmly.As I have not read the b

8、ook, I cannot tell you anything.Now that you are here, youd better stay. He knows English perfectly though/although he has never been to England.Sick as he was, he came to work. The novel became even more popThat is wrong, no matter who says it.whether we go or whether we stay, the result is the sam

9、e.If I were you, I would give him a hand.In case you see him, ask him about it.I will wash the dress so that you can wear it.He stopped there as if he were petrified with terror.I will do it as you told me.As far as I am concerned, I know nothing about it.He is cleverer than us all.As he predicted,

10、the wind changed.I strongly believe that he is innocent.That is wrong, no matter who s3.3 过渡词或传递词（Transition words ） 过渡词或传递词和并列连词有类似的作用，但是，不能相互替代。传递词更强调在段落里使用。英语是典型的“树式语言”，相对于汉语的“竹式语言”，英语段落的拓展更强调前后句子的连贯。传递词就是英语段落连贯的纽带。 Sequence or time：first(ly), at first, first of all, to begin with, initially, sec

11、ondly, then, next, subsequently, finally, at last, ultimately, in the end, eventually, at length, afterwards, meanwhile, previously, formerly, prior to, soon, later, before, during, then, at this time, at this point, so farSpace: here, there, on the left, on the right, close to, opposite to, in the

12、distance, next to, nearby, below, before, above, at the end of3.3 过渡词或传递词（Transition words ）Addition: and, also, too, again, and then, furthermore, moreover, whats more, in addition, additionally, besides, as well Comparison/contrast: equally, similarly, in the same way, likewise, on the contrary, u

13、nlike, in contrast, by comparison, conversely, on the other hand, and however, yet, but, nevertheless, alternatively, despite this, as for, still, instead, otherwise, apart from, the former.the latter.Cause and effect: consequently, thus, hence, as a result, therefore, accordingly, as a consequence,

14、 therefore, owing to, due to, thanks toAddition: and, also, too, agaiIllustration: for example, for instance, such as, as, as revealed by, o show that, to take the case of, to illustrate, to demonstrate, take.for an example, in this case, especially, illustrated with, as an example, for one thingEmp

15、hasis: above all, particular, in particular, more importantly, anyway/anyhow, especially, indeed, notably, specifically, significantly, in fact, actuallyPersuasion: of course, naturally, obviously, clearly, evidently, surely, certainly Restatement: namely, in other words, that is, that is to say, to

16、 put it differentlyGeneralization: as a rule, as usual, generally, generally speaking, usuallyIllustration: for example, forSummary: in summary, in short, in brief, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, in conclusion, to conclude, to summarize, (all) in all, as has been mentioned, throughout, overall

17、e.g. Each of the US manned space exploration projects had specific major goals. For example, the Mercury project was designed to test whether or not human beings could survive and function in outer space. In addition, the Mercury project tested rockets with the new Mercury space capsule, which could

18、 hold one person. As another example, the Gemini project was intended to find out whether two people could work in the weightless environment of space. . Finally, the Apollo project, with three astronauts, had the goal of testing spacecraft and skills.Summary: in summary, in short,Grammar PracticeCa

19、se StudySample 1Sample 2Sample 3Grammar PracticeCase StudySample 1A) Dear Sir or Madam, This letter is to inform you 1) _ from our rented location on May 31. Our business has grown to the point 2) _ for inventory 3) _. 4) _ the provisions in the written contract, we will vacate the building during t

20、he last week of May, 5) _ you can conduct a final inspection 6) _. 7) _ _,all payments and fees are paid up. Please call me at 555-5555 8) _.Sincerely yours, that we will be movingwhere we need more spaceand floor modelsIn accordance withsoat that timeAccording toour recordsif you have questionsSamp

21、le 1A)that we will be moviSample 1A) 亲爱的先生/女士: 这封信是为了通知你们，5月31日我们会从我们租下的位置搬出。由于业务的发展，我们需要更多的空间库存产品和屯放模型。 按照书面合同的规定，我们将在五月的最后一周撤场。你们可以在那个时候进行最后的检查。根据我们的记录，所有的款项和费用都已付清。如果有何疑问，请打我的电话555-5555。您真诚的,Sample 1A)Sample 1B) Dear Sir or Madam, 1)_ on May 30, this is our official notice of lease termination. 2

22、) _ the heating continues to be inadequate 3) _, we are not willing to absorb another rent increase. We will leave the apartment as clean 4) _. _.We are confident you will return 5) _, per our contract. 6) _, please reach me at my office telephone number, 555-5555. Sincerely yours, Since we will be

23、moving from your apartmentBecauseand the leaking faucets persistas it was when wemoved inour whole cleaning depositAfter May 30, if necessarySample 1B) Dear Sir or Madam,SSample 1B) 亲爱的先生/女士: 由于我们将从您的公寓在5月30日搬出，这是我们的正式终止租约的通知。因为暖气仍然不足，水龙头不停漏水，大家都不愿意继续租下去。我们会搞好公寓的卫生工作，使其清洁如初。我们相信你会依照我们的合同全额返还我们的清洁押金。

24、5月30日之后，有事请拨打我的办公室电话号码555-5555。 您真诚的,Sample 1B)Sample 2Dear Sir or Madam, I regret having to cancel my reservation for the weekend of February 12 and 13. Complications at work have forced me to put my personal plans on hold for a short time. 1_ I plan to make another reservation soon, I hope 2_ you

25、will apply the fee 3_I paid toward that new one. Thank you for your kind service 4_ your accommodation. Sincerely yours, John SmithSince that that and Combine the different elements in the blank to form correct sentences Sample 2Dear Sir or Madam, SinSample 2 亲爱的先生/女士： 非常抱歉我要取消2月12日到13日周末的预订。因为工作上的变

26、动，我不得不将个人计划暂时搁置。因为不久还会再预订，所以我希望您能把这次我已支付的费用挪到下次。 谢谢您周到的服务以及对此做出的调整。您真诚的约翰史密斯Sample 2 亲爱的先生/女士：Sample 3Sort out the connectives in the text according to the types A)Dear Sir or Madam, The time has come to thank you for your excellent work and toInform you that our contract for your housekeeping servi

27、ces will end onMay 31. Although I prefer to renew the contract, my children are gettingolder and they need to learn to do chores. You may be interested to know that I have recommended you tofriends. I am sure they will appreciate your efficiency as much as I have. Sincerely yours, Coordinating conju

28、nction:Subordinating conjunction:Transition words: and; andthat; although; that; asSample 3Sort out the connectivSample 3A) 亲爱的先生/女士： 非常感谢您的出色工作。同时我得通知您，您在我们家的家政服务的合同将于5月31日结束。 虽然我很想续签合同，但我的孩子年纪越来越大，他们需要学会做家务。 您可能有兴趣知道，我已把你推荐给朋友。我相信，他们会和我一样，都很欣赏您的工作效率。 您真诚的Sample 3A)Sample 3B) Dear Sir or Madam, Alt

29、hough this news may come as a bit of a shock to you, John and I are having second thoughts about our wedding and, therefore, have decided it would be best for us to postpone it until we are sure about what we want. We know you have sacrificed a lot to take the time off work and to purchase the plane

30、 tickets, and we are truly sorry for your trouble. Sincerely yours, Coordinating conjunction:Subordinating conjunction:Transition words:and; and; and; and although; as; until; what; therefore; trulySample 3B)and; and; and; and aSample 3B) 亲爱的先生/女士： 虽然你对这一消息可能感到有点震惊。但是我和约翰经再三考虑决定推迟举行我们的婚礼，因为我们还不能确信我们

31、真正想要什么。 我们知道，你牺牲了不少的休息时间去购买机票。为此我们深表抱歉。 您真诚的Sample 3B)Task 1 Rewrite the sentences underlined according to the requirements. Dear Sir or Madam, We were pleased. You accepted our invitation to our July 10 dinner party. We hope you can understand how disappointed we are to cancel it. Few things would

32、cause us to cancel a party. Our son has just announced his engagement. The happy couple has decided to get married on that weekend. Sincerely yours,用两个连接词把句子连接成一个句子：2) 用两个连接词把句子连接成一个句子：We were pleased when you accepted our invitation to our July 10 dinner party, so we hope you can understand how dis

33、appointed we are to cancel it. Few things would cause us to cancel a party, but our son has just announced his engagement, and the happy couple has decided to get married on that weekend.Task 1 Rewrite the sentenTask 1 亲爱的先生/女士 我们很高兴您接受了我们七月十号共进晚宴的邀请。但是，我们要取消这个晚宴，为此我们深感遗憾并希望得到您的理解。有几件事情迫使我们不得不取消这个宴会

34、，但主要原因是，我们的儿子宣布了他的订婚，而且这幸福的一对又决定在同一个周末举行婚礼。您真诚的Task 1 亲爱的先生/女士Task 2 Correct the mistakes in the following passages. Dear sir or Madam, I am sorry for I will be unable to schedule a time to meet with you next Thursday to discuss your career plans. You know. This month is the busiest time of year for

35、 us. I will be away on a buying trip. Please contact my secretary to schedule another appointment. I should be back in town on May 15. Things slow down a bit. I will be pleased to meet with you. Sincerely yours,Task 2 Correct the mistakes Task 2 Dear sir or Madam, I am sorry that I will be unable to

36、 schedule a time to meet with you next Thursday to discuss your career plans. As you know, this month is the busiest time of year for us, and I will be away on a buying trip. Please contact my secretary to schedule another appointment. I should be back in town on May 15. I will be pleased to meet wi

37、th you after things slow down a bit.Sincerely yours,Task 2 Dear sir or Madam,Task 2 亲爱的先生/女士 我很抱歉，下周四没有时间与大家见面讨论职业计划问题。你们都知道，这个月是我们一年中最忙的时候，我要出差采购。请联系我的秘书，安排另一次约见。5月15日我应该采购归来。事情闲下来一点，我将乐意与大家见面。 您真诚的Task 2 亲爱的先生/女士Task 3 (1) Complete the following sentences based on the requirements. Dear Sir or Mad

38、am: I wish to advise you _ _（我不参加三藩市八月的大会）, _ （而且最后不可能以保险业理事身份出席会议）. I have been ill _ _（接下来两个月还要每日治病）. I regret my inability to assist you, _ _（只能够盼望与你在其他项目合作）. that I will not be attending the Augustconvention in San Franciscoand will consequently be unable to participate as a member of the panel on insurance for businessesand will require daily treatments for the next two monthsbut do look forward toworking with you on other projectsTask 3 (1) Complete the folTask 3