2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号78

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题The way in which people use social space reflects their social relationships and their ethnic identity. Early immigrants to America from Europe brought with them a collective style of living, which they retained unt

2、il late in the 18th century. Historical records document a group-oriented existence, in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests, and sleeping. People ate soups from a communal pot, shared drinking cups, and used a common pit toilet. With the development of ideas about individualism,

3、people soon began to shift to the use of individual cups and plates; the eating of meals that included meat, bread, and vegetables served on separate plates; and the use of private toilets. They began to build their houses with separate rooms to entertain guests-living rooms, separate bedrooms for s

4、leeping, separate work areaskitchen, laundry room, and separate bathrooms.In Mexico, the meaning and organization of domestic space is strikingly different. Houses are organized around a patio, or courtyard. Rooms open onto the patio, where all kinds of domestic activities take place. Individuals do

5、 not have separate bedrooms. Children often sleep with parents, and brothers or sisters share a bed, emphasizing familial interdependence. Rooms in Mexican houses are locations for multiple activities that, in contrast, are rigidly separated in the United States.1. Changes in living styles among ear

6、ly immigrants were initially brought about by_.2. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?问题1选项A.rising living standardsB.new conceptsC.new customsD.new designs of houses问题2选项A.Their concepts of domestic spaceB.Their social relationships.C.The functions of their rooms.D.The layout of

7、their houses.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A【解析】1.考查细节事实题。由文章一段中的With the development of ideas about individualism, people soon began to shift to the use of individual cups and plates（随着个人主义思想的发展，人们很快开始转向使用单独的杯子和盘子）可知“个人主义思想”是一种新的观念，改变了人们的生活方式，因此选B。2.细节事实题。文章第一段中的The way in which people use social space reflects the

8、ir social relationships and their ethnic identity.（人们使用社会空间的方式反映了他们的社会关系和民族认同）与B选项对应，in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests, and sleeping（其中一个房间用来吃饭、招待客人和睡觉）与C选项对应，They began to build their houses with separate rooms to entertain guests-living rooms, separate bedrooms for sleepin

9、g, separate work areaskitchen, laundry room, and separate bathrooms（他们开始建造自己的房子，有单独的房间来招待客、睡觉和工作厨房、洗衣房和浴室）与D选项对应。通过排除法排除B、C、D选项，因此选A。2.单选题I think that I committed a_in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.问题1选项A.blunderB.revengeC.reproachD.scandal【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项blunder“愚蠢(或粗心)

10、的错误”；B选项revenge“报仇，报复”；C选项reproach“责备，责骂”；D选项scandal“丑闻，丑行”。根据because引导的原因状语从句可知A选项符合语义。句意：我想我问她的时候犯了个错误，因为她似乎对我的问题很不高兴。3.单选题Are you aware that you actually possess six senses? The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently to the exact extent necessary for

11、each action you perform. For example, when you reach for an object, the sensory nerves linking the muscles to the brain stop your hand at the correct spot. This automatic perception of the position of your muscles in relation to the object is your muscular sense in action.Muscles are stringy bundles

12、 of fibers varying from one five-thousandth of an inch to about three inches. They have three unique characteristics; they can become shorter and thicker; they can stretch; and they can retract to their original positions. Under a high-powered microscope, muscle tissue is seen as long, slender cells

13、 with a grainy texture like wood.More than half of a persons body is composed of muscle fibers, most of which are involuntary in other words, work without conscious direction. The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to perform particular actions, number more than five hundred. Women ha

14、ve only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman cant lift as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man.1. Intelligent use of the muscles means that（）.2. According to the selection, more than half of a persons body is composed of（）.3. An ave

15、rage woman is weaker than an average man because she has （）.4. It is implied but not stated that（） .5. According to the selection, the muscular sense is responsible for （）.问题1选项A.one always knows what his muscles are doingB.one performs simple actions without workingC.ones muscles are used only to t

16、he extent necessary for each action they performD.one improves muscular action consciously问题2选项A.voluntary musclesB.muscle fibersC.involuntary fibersD.sensory nerves问题3选项A.more voluntary muscles than an average manB.only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle for her body massC.60 to 70 percent less muscle

17、 for her body massD.less muscle fiber for her body weight问题4选项A.the muscular sense is more important than any other sensesB.muscular sense involves automatic perceptionC.there are many more than 500 involuntary muscles in the bodyD.muscle tissue is inflexible问题5选项A.the efficiency of our musclesB.the

18、 normal breathing functionC.directing our muscles intelligentlyD.the work of only our involuntary muscles【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第二句The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently to the exact extent necessary for each action you perfo

19、rm.可知，第六感是一种肌肉感觉，可智能地精准控制人体活动。因此，C项是正确答案。2.细节事实题。题意：根据原文，人类身体超过一半的组织是由什么构成的？根据原文第三段第一句：More than half of a persons body is composed of muscle fibers.可知，人体超过一半的组织是由muscle fibers（肌肉纤维）构成。因此，正确答案为B项。3.细节事实题。根据原文第三段Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why a

20、n average woman cant lift as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man. 可知，女性比正常男性力气小是因为女性身体内肌肉含量仅为男性的60-70%。因此，B项为正确答案。4.推理判断题。本文并未说明也未暗示肌肉感觉比其他感官重要，因此A选项错误。根据原文最后一段The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to perform particular action, number more than five hundred.可知，C选项与原文

21、意思相反，故C项错误。D选项说肌肉组织是不可弯曲的，与原文不符，故排除。因此，B选项是正确答案。5.细节事实题。由文章第一段The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently.可知，肌肉感官的作用是directing your muscles intelligently，因此，本题正确答案为C项。4.单选题To develop light industry in a big way（）to improving the peoples livelihood.问题1选项A.

22、owesB.attributesC.distributesD.contributes【答案】D【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项owes to.归功于，因为B选项attributes to把归功于；C选项 distributes to分销，分发给；D选项contributes to对有贡献，有好处。根据句意可知，大力发展轻工业有利于提高人民生活水平，因此D项正确。5.单选题The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to _the consequences by saying that the damage was not as s

23、erious as reported.问题1选项A.decreaseB.subtractC.minimizeD.degrade【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项decrease“减少，减小”，强调事物逐渐减少的过程，主要是指数量、质量等方面的减少；B选项subtract“减去”；C选项minimize“最小化，将减到最小”；D选项degrade“降低（地位），贬低”。句意：这场火灾造成了巨大损失，但工厂表示损失没有报道的严重，试图将后果降到最低。6.单选题Her parents wanted to change her mind so they tried to_her to their

24、way of thinking.问题1选项A.convertB.alterC.transferD.convey【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项convert“(使)转变，改变”，指改变形式、特性、信仰、观点等；B选项alter“改变，更改”指部分更改，仍保留本质和总体结构；C选项transfer“(使)转移，搬迁，(使)调动”；D选项convey“表达，传递(思想、感情等)”。根据指their way of thinking可知选A。句意：她的父母想改变她的想法，所以他们试图让她转变到他们的思维方式。7.单选题British scientists find that the nestin

25、g habits of 20 species of birds with the warming trend of the earths atmosphere.问题1选项A.conflictB.coincideC.adaptD.approve【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项conflict v.冲突，矛盾，斗争；B选项coincide v.致，符合，同时发生；C选项adapt v.适应于；D选项approve v.批准，赞成，满意。根据句意可知，英国科学家发现二十种鸟类的筑巢习惯与地球大气的温度上升趋势一致。因此，B项符合题意。8.单选题Doctors usually try to

26、the gravity of illness if a patient is found to have cancer.问题1选项A.specializeB.illuminateC.elevateD.minimize【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项specialize v.专门从事，详细说明；B选项illuminate v.阐明，说明；C选项elevate v.提升，举起，振奋；D选项minimize v.最小化，使减到最小。根据句意可知，如果病人查出得了癌症，医生总是尽量把病情说得轻一些。因此，正确答案为D项。9.单选题Rhetoric is（）.问题1选项A.the abilit

27、y to lie without revealing it with body language.B.a technique used to speak faster.C.the skill of using language persuasivelyD.the ability to interpret complex logical problems【答案】C【解析】考查名词。Rhetoric指“修辞，修辞学；华丽辞藻”。A选项表示“是一种不会因为肢体语言暴露（目的）的说谎能力”；B选项表示“是一种加快说话方式的技巧”；C选项为“令人信服地运用语言的技巧”；D选项为“解释复杂逻辑关系的能力”

28、。修辞是指运用语言技巧，努力提高语言表达和接受效果的活动。因此，C项最符合题意。10.单选题I cant go for one thing, I have no money, and_, I have too much work.问题1选项A.whats moreB.as wellC.for anotherD.in addition【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。for one thing.for another表示“一方面另一方面”，为固定搭配。句意：我不能去，一方面，我没有钱，另一方面，我有太多的工作。11.单选题Most of us are taught to pay attention

29、 to what is said the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we assoc

30、iate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We dont always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words dont mean anything except “Im letting off some steam. I dont really want you to pay close attention to

31、 what Im saying. Just pay attention to what Im feeling.” Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, “This step has to be fixed before Ill buy.” The owner says, “Its been like that for years.” Actually, the step hasnt been like that for year

32、s, but the unspoken message is: “I dont want to fix it. We put up with it. Why cant you?” The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed by examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs

33、can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior

34、. A friends unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says “No!” to a serials of

35、 charges like “Youre dumb/ “Youre lazy,” and “Youre dishonest,” may also say “NoP and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is And youre good looking.”We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, “If sure has been nice to have you over,” can be said with e

36、mphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it a

37、ssumes.1. Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners if_.2. “Im letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means_.3. The house-owners example shows that he actually means_.4. Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if_.5. The word “ri

38、tualistically” in the last paragraph equals something done_.问题1选项A.they use proper words to carry their ideasB.they both speak truly of their own feelingsC.they try to understand each others ideas beyond wordsD.they are capable of associating meaning with their words问题2选项A.Im just calling your atten

39、tionB.Pm just kiddingC.Pm just saying the oppositeD.Im just giving off some sound问题3选项A.the step has been like that for yearsB.he doesnt think it necessary to fix the stepC.the condition of the step is only a minor faultD.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared问题4选项A.linked to an abnormal a

40、mount of assertivenessB.seen as ones habitual pattern of behaviorC.taken as part of an ordering sequenceD.expressed to a series of charges问题5选项A.without true intentionB.light-heartedlyC.in a way of ceremonyD.with less emphasis【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Words do provide us with

41、some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone.（言语的确为我们提供了一些信息，但其意思是从如此多的其它来源中获取出来的，以至于过于依赖言语将阻碍我们与其他人交流的效果）可知D选项“他们能把自己的言语与意思联系起来”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Sometimes our words

42、dont mean anything except “Im letting off some steam. I dont really want you to pay close attention to what Im saying. Just pay attention to what Im feeling.”（有时我们的言语并没有什么意思，除了“我正在宣泄情绪。 我实际上不想让你仔细听我说的话，而是注意我的感受”外）可知A选项“我只是提醒你注意”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章一段中的Actually, the step hasnt been like that for years, b

43、ut the unspoken message is: “I dont want to fix it. We put up with it. Why cant you?”（事实上，这个台阶已经有好几年不是这样的了，但暗含的信息是：“我不想修复它。我们能忍受它。你为什么不能忍受它了？）可知B选项“他认为没必要修台阶”符合题意。4.细节推理题。题干意思是“有些反应和行为可能看起来非常不合逻辑，但如果，是合理的”。根据第二段第五句A friends unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was prece

44、ded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness.（一个朋友的异常温顺的行为，也许只能通过注意到它是以需要异常自信的情境为前提才能被理解）和第六句 Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic.（有些反应可能直接与反应的发展模式有关，而且不符合逻辑）可推断，如果要理解有些反应和行为，那么就需要注意到之前发生的事件的情况，所以C项“作为有序的续发事件的一部分”符合题意。A项“与一

45、定反常程度的自信有关”，表述不够全面；B项“被视为一个人的习惯性行为模式”，文中没有提到习惯性行为；D项“表达了一系列指控”在文中只是举例说明，D项不选。因此，该题选择C项正确。5.词义题。“ritual（仪式，惯例）”为副词ritualistically的名词形式，故ritualistically表述“仪式地”，因此选C。12.单选题Such euphemisms may be stylistically permissible if they are kept within .问题1选项A.boundariesB.rangesC.bordersD.limits【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义

46、辨析。A选项boundaries n.界限，分界线，边界；B选项ranges n.里程，范围；C选项borders n.边界，边缘地区；D选项limits n.范围，限制，领土。句意：这样的委婉用法在文体结构上是可以的，但前提是要在有限范围内使用。根据句意可知，D项符合题意。因此，D项是正确答案。13.单选题His assertion angered me.问题1选项A.statementB.questionC.successD.mistake【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中assertion表示“主张；声称”；A选项statement n.声明；陈述；B选项problem n.问题

47、；C选项success n.成功；D选项mistake n.错误。由句意可知，他的表述惹怒了我。因此，正确答案是A项。14.单选题The police admitted_a mistake in arresting an innocent man问题1选项A.to makeB.to have madeC.to having madeD.to making【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。admit to doing sth.表示“承认作某事”，为固定搭配。“犯错”这个动词发生在“承错误”这个动作之前，根据admitted（admit的过去式）可知空格处应为过去完成时，因此选C。句意：警方承认在逮

48、捕一名无辜男子时犯了错误。15.单选题TheChairman was evidently_ byJims words and glared at him for a few seconds.问题1选项A.put downB.put acrossC.put awayD.put out【答案】D【解析】动词词组题。A选项put down镇压，记下；B选项put across圆满完成，解释清楚，使被人理解；C选项put away放好，抛弃；D选项put out扑灭；恼怒。根据句意可知，董事长明显被吉姆的话激怒了，瞪了他好一会。因此，D项是正确答案。16.单选题The Space Age_in Oct

49、ober 1975 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the former Soviet Union.问题1选项A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 initiate“开始，发起”，一般指活动，团体的产生；B选项originate“起源于，来自，产生”；C选项embark“上船，装船，从事”，后面常接介词on/upon；D选项commence“开始”，指重大事件及历史时期的开始。根据The Space Age（太空时代）和 the fi

50、rst artificial satellite（第一颗人造卫星）可知是一件重大事件，因此选D。句意：太空时代始于1957年10月，当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。17.单选题Chris told us to hand inour term paper next Monday.问题1选项A.to write our paper by handB.to submitC.to correctD.to proof-read【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。题目中hand in表示“提交，递交；呈送；上交”，A选项为“手写论文”；B选项为“提交；呈送”；C选项为“改正”；D选项表示“校对”。句意：

51、克丽丝告诉我们，下周一要交学期论文。因此，根据句意可知正确答案是B选项。18.单选题As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to_the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“主持，指挥”，为不及物动词，后面常接over；B选项introduce“介绍”；C选项chair“担任主席，主持(会议、讨论等)”，为及物动词；D选项dominate“支配，控制”。句意：经理出差了，我被要求主

52、持每周的员工会议。19.单选题The emergence of extraterrestrial life, particularly intelligent life, is a key test for these rival instances.问题1选项A.doctrinesB.heresiesC.examplesD.debates【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项doctrines n.主义，学说，教义；B选项heresies n.异端邪说，异教；C选项 examples n.例子，实例；D选项debates n.辩论，讨论。句意：外星生命，尤其是有智慧生命的出现，对于这些竞

53、争对手情况是一个关键性的测试。因此，C选项正确。20.单选题The of woman to man at our university is about five to four.问题1选项A.rateB.proportionC.portionD.percentage【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项rate n.比率，率，等级；B选项proportion n.比例，占比，面积；C选项portion n. 部分，份数；D选项percentage n.百分比，百分数。根据搭配，proportion. to.表示“（两者）比例”，因此，B 项为正确答案。21.单选题I feel oblig

54、ated to give my opinion on the subject.问题1选项A.requiredB.forbiddenC.determinedD.encouraged【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项required adj.必需的，必须的；B选项forbidden adj.不被允许的，被禁止的；C选项determined adj.坚决的，决定的；D选项encouraged adj.怂恿的，受到鼓舞的。句意：我认为我必须对这个话题发表自己的观点。根据句意可知A选项正确。22.单选题After a few months of working with his hands,

55、Dr. Brown returned to his college, _ that his time had been well spent.问题1选项A.persuadedB.convincedC.noticedD.promised【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项persuade“劝说，说服，使信服”，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事；B选项convince“使确信，使相信”，指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服；C选项notice“注意，察觉”；D选项promise“允诺，许诺”。根据After a few months of working with his

56、hands和his time had been well spent可知B选项符合语义。句意：经过几个月的动手操作后，确信自己的时间花得值得的布朗博士回到了大学。23.单选题Many of his arguments have no pertinence to the subject under discussion.问题1选项A.significanceB.valueC.relevanceD.enlightenment【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项significance n.重要性，意义；B选项value n.价值，重要性；C选项 relevance n.关联，适当，中肯；D选

57、项enlightenment n.启迪，启蒙运动。句意表明：他的很多观点都与正在讨论的议题无关。因此本题选择C项。24.翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.Short message service is a mechanism of delivery of short messages over the mobile networks. It is a store and forward way of transmitting messages to and from mobiles. The message (text only)

58、 from the sending mobile is stored in s central short message center which then forwards it to the destination mobile. This means that in the case that the recipient is not available; the short message is stored and can be sent later. Each short message can be no longer than 160 characters. These ch

59、aracters can be text or binary Non-Text Short messages. An interesting feature of SMS is return receipts. This means that the sender, if wishes, can get a small message notifying if the short message was delivered to the intended recipient.【答案】短信服务是通过移动网络来传送短消息的机制。它是一种在手机间储存和发送信息的途径。发送手机所传来的信息（纯文本）被

60、储存于中央短消息中心，然后这个中心将它转发到目标手机。也就是说，在这种情况下，收件人收不到消息。短消息是先被储存后再被发送。每条短信可能不超过160个字符。这些字符可以是文本，或是二进制非文本消息。短信有趣的地方在于有回执。就是说，如果收件人成功收到短信，那么发件人就会收到一条提醒通知。25.单选题African students have mounted strong protests over the measure, claiming that they are being against.问题1选项A.displacedB.discriminatedC.resentedD.distur