2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号100

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题In the present economic（ ）we can make even greater progress than previously.问题1选项A.airB.moodC.areaD.climate【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项air “空气，大气”；B选项mood“情绪，语气，心境，气氛”；C选项area“区域，地区，面积，范围”；D选项climate“气候，风气，思潮，风土”，句意：在目前的经济环境下，

2、我们可以取得比以前更大的进步。climate除表示气候，风土外，还可指（社会）风气，一般（社会）趋势。如：political climate政治风气。因此D选项正确。2.单选题She has been melancholy for nearly two weeks.问题1选项A.upsetB.sadC.voraciousD.satiated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。melancholy意为“悲伤的，忧郁的”；upset意为“心烦的；混乱的”，指因为受挫而沮丧；sad意为“难过的，悲哀的”，指感情上的悲伤；voracious意为“贪吃的，求知欲强的”；satiated意为“满足的”。句意

3、：她已经忧郁了将近两周了。3.翻译题清洁的空气对于健康是至关重要的。如果空气中含有杂质，这些杂质就有可能被我们的身体吸收，使人生病。我们需要清洁的空气，但不幸的是，目前普遍存在着空气污染，尤其是在城市里。城市里有许多食品厂、服装厂和制造其他东西的工厂。每天这些工厂把千百万吨的烟灰排放到空气中。工厂产生的东西过一个时期就会损坏，然后就作为垃圾扔掉。我们烧掉许多垃圾，烟灰就增多了。还有工厂生产的汽车，一旦出厂在街上行驶，将会吸进空气，排出有毒气体，并增加空气中的烟尘。世界上没有任何一个地方可以彻底摆脱空气污染，我们必须采取措施来控制空气污染。现在越来越多的人正在认识到清洁空气的重要性。学校开设了关

4、于污染问题的课程。企业开始帮着净化空气，他们安装了特别的设备来清除自己排放的烟雾。科学家和发明家正在努力开发更清洁的汽车和火车引擎。或许，人们在城市里能呼吸新鲜空气的日子终将到来。【答案】【参考译文】Clean air is vital to good health. If the air contains impurities, they may be absorbed by our bodies make us ill. We need clean air, but unfortunately, air pollution is generally present, especially

5、in cities. There are many food factories, garment factories and factories for making other products in cities. Every day these factories discharge million tons of smoke and soot into the air. Things made in factories wear out after a while and are thrown away as trash. We burn a lot of trash, which

6、produces more smoke and soot. Moreover, once the automobiles produced by factories are out on the street, they will take in air and replace it with poisonous gases, which again produce more smoke and soot.No area in the world can completely free of air pollution. We must take measures to control it.

7、 Now more and more people are realizing the importance of clean air. Schools have taught about the pollution problem. Industries are begun to help clean up, by installing equipment to clean up their smoke. Scientists and inventors are making efforts to develop cleaner automobiles and the engine of t

8、rain.Perhaps the day when people are able to breathe fresh air in cities will come at last.4.单选题The corporation expects only（ ）increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business.问题1选项A.modestB.predictableC.dynamicD.expanding【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项modest“适度的，谦虚的”；B选项

9、predictable“可预言的”；C选项dynamic“动态的，动力的，有活力的”；D选项expanding“扩大的，扩展的”。句意：尽管用过去一年的时间去努力恢复零售市场，但是公司仅仅期盼业绩（ ）增长即可。题干中的despite表转折，因此空格所填单词应该与despite所引导的句子产生的结果相反，正常情况下，付出了努力必然期盼有回报，所以这里应填与increase意思相反的词汇。因此A选项正确。5.单选题You have to thaw the meat before it can be cooked.问题1选项A.tenderizeB.defrostC.seasonD.braise【

10、答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。thaw意为“(结冰后) 解冻，融化，融解”；tenderize意为“使嫩，使软化”；defrost意为“（给）化霜，（使）解冻”；season意为“加调料调味，加作料”；braise意为“炖，焖”。句意：烹饪肉之前，你得先解冻它。6.单选题Evidence came up that _ speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.问题1选项A.specificB.distinctiveC.explicitD.blunt【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项specific“特殊

11、的，特定的；明确的；详细的”，着重指某种、某类事物具有的特殊或特定的属性；B选项distinctive“独特的，有特色的；与众不同的”，常被用来突出某个特点，也就是说由于某个特点的存在使其不同于其他的人或事物；C选项explicit“明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述的”；D选项blunt“钝的，不锋利的；生硬的；直率的”。句意：有证据表明，6个月大的婴儿就能识别_语音。此处强调语音，用“特定的”一词修饰更符合句意，所以A选项正确。7.单选题Both parties promised to（ ）the contract to be signed the following day.问题1选项A.ke

12、ep withB.tangle withC.adhere toD.devote to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。keep with意为“陪伴”；tangle with意为“与吵架，与争论”；adhere to意为“遵循，依附，坚持”；devote to意为“专用于做，专心于做”。句意：双方都承诺遵守次日将要签署的合约。8.单选题In most countries, the law on organ transplantation is poorly defined, as legislation has not yet been created to cope with this adva

13、nce in surgery. The existing framework relating to physical assault and care of the dead has no provision for organ transplantation. It is customary to ask the permission of the relatives, but because organ removal must take place immediately after death, it may be impossible to reach the relatives

14、in time. It has been suggested that there should be a widespread campaign to encourage persons to provide in their wills that their organs be used for transplantation. An alternative is to provide by law that permission is assumed unless removal has been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime.

15、Such laws have been passed in Denmark, France, Sweden, Italy, and Israel. Compulsory postmortem examination, a far more extensive procedure than organ removal for grafting, is required in most countries after unexpected death, and this compulsion is not a matter of public concern and debate.There wo

16、uld seem to be no reason why organ removal for transplantation purposes should not also be acceptable to public opinion, provided there is a mechanism by which individuals in their lifetime can refuse this permission. This, of course, requires an efficient register of those who indicate their refusa

17、l; the register would be consulted before any organs would be removed. It is important that there be public reassurance that consideration of transplantation would not impair normal resuscitative efforts of the potential donor.Transplantation has obviously raised important ethical considerations con

18、cerning the diagnosis of death, and particularly, how far resuscitation should be continued. Every effort must be made to restore the heartbeat to someone who has had a sudden cardiac arrest or breathing to someone who cannot breathe. Artificial respiration and massage of the heart, the standard met

19、hods of resuscitation, are continued until it is clear that the brain is dead. Most physicians consider that beyond this point efforts at resuscitation are useless.1.According to the author, which of the following is NOT true?2.Which of the following is NOT a suggestion made in the passage?3.The wor

20、d “impair” at the end of Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by（ ）.4.It is believed that efforts at resuscitation are useless when（ ）.5.Which of the following sentences can best sum up the passage?问题1选项A.Most countries do not have an effective law on organ transplantationB.The traditional ways of askin

21、g for permission of relatives for organ removal dos not proved to be always feasibleC.It is hard to understand why people should remain silent on compulsory postmortem exam after unexpected death.D.In some countries these are laws providing that the permission of organ removal is taken for granted u

22、nless it has been refused by the person in his lifetime.问题2选项A.People should be encouraged to donate their organs after deathB.Organ removal should be permitted in the course of compulsory postmortem exam.C.Organ removal for transplantation should be advocated because it benefits the human societyD.

23、Organ removal for transplantation could be considered legal unless the dead person stated otherwise in his life time.问题3选项A.neglectB.weakenC.come together withD.be superior to问题4选项A.artificial respiration and massage of the heart have yielded no obvious resultB.a persons heartbeat and breath has tot

24、ally stoppedC.standard methods of resuscitation have failedD.the brain is certainly dead问题5选项A.Legal and ethical problems of organ transplantationB.Some underlying principles on organ transplantationC.The diagnosis of death before organ transplantationD.The difference between compulsory postmortem e

25、xam and organ transplantation【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段首句In most countries, the law on organ transplantation is poorly defined, as legislation has not yet been created to cope with this advance in surgery.（在大多数国家，器官移植的法律定义很不明确，因为尚未制定出针对外科手术进步的立法）可知A选项“大多数国家没有关于器官移植的有效法律”正确；由第一段中

26、的It is customary to ask the permission of the relatives, but because organ removal must take place immediately after death, it may be impossible to reach the relatives in time.（习惯上要征得亲属的允许，但由于器官的摘除必须在死亡后立即进行，可能无法及时联系到亲属）可知B选项“传统的器官摘除请求亲属许可的方法并不总是可行的”正确；由第一段中的An alternative is to provide by law that

27、permission is assumed unless removal has been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime. Such laws have been passed in Denmark, France, Sweden, Italy, and Israel.（另一种办法是通过法律规定，除非个人在一生中禁止摘除，否则必须获得许可。丹麦、法国、瑞典、意大利和以色列都通过了这样的法律）可知D选项“在一些国家，这些法律规定，除非个人在一生中拒绝摘除，否则摘除器官的许可是理所当然的”正确。通过排除法排除A、B、D，因此选C。2.细节事

28、实题。由文章第一段中的It has been suggested that there should be a widespread campaign to encourage persons to provide in their wills that their organs be used for transplantation.（有人建议，应开展广泛的宣传，鼓励人们在其遗嘱中规定将其器官用于移植）可知A选项“应该鼓励人们在死后捐献器官”和C选项“器官移植应该提倡，因为它有利于人类社会”正确；由第一段中的An alternative is to provide by law that p

29、ermission is assumed unless removal has been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime. （另一种办法是通过法律规定，除非个人在一生中禁止摘除，否则必须获得许可）可知D选项“移植器官的摘除可被视为合法，除非死者在其有生之年另有说明”符合题意。通过排除法排除A、C、D，因此选B。3.词义题。neglect意为“忽视，疏忽”；weaken意为“减弱，削弱”；come together with意为“和一起”；be superior to意为“优越于，不受诱惑”。“impair”出现文章第二段“It is im

30、portant that there be public reassurance that consideration of transplantation would not impair normal resuscitative efforts of the potential donor.（重要的是，政府要保证，考虑移植不会潜在供者的正常复苏努力）”中，由此可知B选项最符合逻辑关系。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Artificial respiration and massage of the heart, the standard methods of resuscitation,

31、 are continued until it is clear that the brain is dead. Most physicians consider that beyond this point efforts at resuscitation are useless.（人工呼吸和心脏按摩以及复苏的标准方法一直持续到脑死亡。大多数医生认为除此之外，努力复苏是无用的）可知选D。5.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了器官移植法律和伦理方面的问题，因此选A。9.单选题Fossils are the traces of plants and animals of past geological

32、ages that have been preserved in the Earths crust问题1选项A.registersB.residueC.profusionD.precursors【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。trace意为“踪迹，痕迹”；register意为“注册，登记”；residue意为“残留物，残渣”；profusion 意为“大量，众多”；precursor意为“先驱，先锋”。句意：化石是过去地质时代的动植物在地壳中保存下来的痕迹。10.单选题The first coins to appear in the Western world were issued by t

33、he Lydians and the Ionian Greeks in the eighth century B.C. These coins, which were made of electrum, a natural combination of gold and silver, were irregular in weight and quality and apparently of private issue. The pure gold and silver coins with related values which appeared during the reign of

34、Croesus (560-546 B.C) provide the first undoubted evidence of standard coinage by state authority. The coins were not perfectly shaped, however, for they were struck with a hand-wielded hammer. The trend toward complete mathematical symmetry did not, in fact, begin until the coining press, invented

35、by Leonardo da Vinci in the sixteenth century, was generally adopted in the middle of the seventeenth century.One should not assume, however, that only machine-made coins are prized for their workmanship. The silver dekadrachm from Syracuse, struck about 413 B.C., is considered one of the finest Gre

36、ek coins and is worth more than a thousand dollars today. An artistic masterpiece of a much later period is the silver taler minted in Ratisbon, southern Germany, in 1754.The value of a coin is not primarily determined by its age, as many people seem to think. Many Greek and Roman coins that were is

37、sued in abundance can be purchased for a moderate price. On the other hand, a German coin made of shrapnel during the First World War is very rare and valuable. Among the especially rare United States coins are the 1804 silver dollar, the 1822 five-dollar gold piece, and the 1894 silver dime.1.Which

38、 of the following statements may NOT be right about the coins made in Lydia during the reign of Croesus?2.The authority specifically mentions all of the following specific features of the Syracuse dekadrachm EXCEPT its （ ）.3.The author makes it clear that the Syracusan dekadrachm and the German tale

39、r mentioned in the passage are（ ）.4.Leonardo de Vinci is mentioned in the passage in connection with（ ）.5.The author makes it clear that coins made by machine are（ ）.问题1选项A.They were issued by the governmentB.They were given standard valuesC.They were all of equal purityD.They were all alike in shap

40、e问题2选项A.appearanceB.scarcityC.valueD.age问题3选项A.handmade Western coinsB.worth about a thousand dollars each todayC.made out of different metalsD.noted for their craftsmanship问题4选项A.the first government issue of coinsB.the artistic aspect of coin makingC.coins issued in the sixteenth centuryD.the prod

41、uction of uniform coins问题5选项A.usually of greater value than handmade coinsB.more uniform in size and shape than handmade coinsC.available in large quantities than handmade coinsD.generally superior in workmanship to handmade coins【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The pure gold and sil

42、ver coins with related values which appeared during the reign of Croesus provide the first undoubted evidence of standard coinage by state authority.（克里萨斯国王统治时期出现的具有相关价值的纯金和银币，为国家当局提供了第一个毫无疑问的标准铸币证据）可知A、B、C的选项正确，因此选D。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The coins were not perfectly shaped, however, for they were struck

43、with a hand-wielded hammer.（然而，这些硬币的形状并不完美，因为它们是用手握着的锤子敲打的）和第二段中的The silver dekadrachm from Syracuse, struck about 413 B.C., is considered one of the finest Greek coins and is worth more than a thousand dollars today.（来自希腊库扎的银质硬币铸造于公元前413年，被认为是希腊最好的硬币之一，价值超过1000美元）可知提到了这个银币的不足、价值以及年龄，因此选A。3.细节事实题。文章

44、第二段句首提到One should not assume, however, that only machine-made coins are prized for their workmanship.（然而，人们不应该认为只有机器制造的硬币才是有价值的），紧接着以the Syracusan dekadrachm and the German taler举例，是为了说明手工制作的硬币具有很大的价值，因此选D。4.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The trend toward complete mathematical symmetry did not, in fact, begin until

45、the coining press, invented by Leonardo da Vinci in the sixteenth century（事实上，完全数学对称的趋势直到十六世纪莱昂纳多达芬奇发明的印压机才开始）可知B选项“硬币制作的工艺”符合题意。5.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The coins were not perfectly shaped, however, for they were struck with a hand-wielded hammer.（然而，这些硬币的形状并不完美，因为它们是用手握着的锤子敲打的）可知以前手工制作的硬币在形状大小存在不足，机械制造出来的银

46、币其形状大小是统一的，因此选B。11.单选题Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion. In fact, the events that produced the canyon, far from being sudden and cataclysmic, simply add up t

47、o the slow and orderly process of erosion.Many millions of years ago, the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area contained 1,000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted of some 14 layered fonnations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these

48、 layers were largely worn away over the course of millions of years.Approximately 65 million years ago the plateaus flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure; geologists refer to this bulging action as upwarping; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Co

49、lorado Plateau, a process that is still going on. As the plateau gradually rose, shallow rivers that meandered across it began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers, located east of the upwarp, was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system called the Hualapa

50、i, flowing west of the upwarp, extended itself eastward by cutting back into the upwarp; it eventually connected with the ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river then began to carve out the 277-miIe-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this in

51、itial cutting action began no earlier than 10 million years ago.Since then, the canyon forming has been cumulative. To the corrosive force of the river itself have been added other factors. Heat and cold, rain and snow, along with the varying resistance of the rocks, increase the opportunities for e

52、rosion. The canyon walls crumble; the river acquires a cutting tool, tons of debris; rainfall running off the high plateau creates feeder streams that carve side canyons. Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.1.What does the

53、 passage mainly discuss?2.In the first sentence the author refers to the Grand Canyon as a “wound” to indicate that（ ）.3.Which of the following conclusions about the Grand Canyon can be drawn from the passage?问题1选项A.Patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges.B.Forces that made the Grand Canyon

54、s.C.The increasing pollution of the Colorado River.D.The sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon.问题2选项A.it was caused by some ancient convulsionB.its presence is an embarrassment to the State of ColoradoC.it looks like an injury on the Earths surfaceD.it is caused many visitors to injure themselves问题3

55、选项A.Its contours are constantly changing.B.It contains approximately 14 million tons of rock.C.Its eruptions have increased in recent years.D.It is being eroded by toxic waste and pollutants.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了大峡谷主要是由于缓慢而有序的侵蚀作用形成；第二三段对大峡谷形成的原因和过程进行了仔细分析；最后一段进一步介绍大峡谷的进一步形成是由于各种力的

56、作用。因此B选项“大峡谷形成的各种力”符合题意。2.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion.（站在大峡谷的边缘，凝视着地球表面这个巨大的伤痕，游客可能会认为峡谷是由一些古老的震动造成的）可知C选项“看上去像是地球表面的伤痕”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章最

57、后一段中的Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.（缓慢地向后推进高原，旁边的峡谷露出新的岩石，侵蚀模式继续进行）可知大峡谷的轮廓在不断变化，因此选A。12.单选题The university refused to accept him because he was not （ ）for admission.问题1选项A.admissibleB.permissibleC.eligibleD.suitable【

58、答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。admissible意为“(尤指法庭)可接受的，受理的”；permissible意为“容许的，许可的”；eligible意为“有资格的，合格的，具备条件的” ；suitable意为“合适的，适当的”。句意：这所大学拒绝接收他，因为他不合入学资格。13.翻译题5. A fascinating city between sea and sky, like Venus rising from the waves, Venice welcomes tourists from the five continents drawn to her by the charm of

59、 her water and pellucid light, free from all dust and cooled by the sea breeze. She also offers the intellectual pleasures to be derived from her masterpieces which mark the meeting of East and West.【答案】【参考译文】5.威尼斯水城海天相连，景色迷人，宛如碧波中涌现的维纳斯，吸引着五大洲的游客。她水色旖旎，波光粼粼，清风拂面而来，扫去你心中的不快与烦恼。而城市中那些集东西方艺术之大成的杰作，更给人

60、以精神上的享受。14.单选题The skunk protects itself from enemies by spraying them with a substance that stinks.问题1选项A.stings the eyesB.smells badC.causes itchingD.discolors the skin【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。stink意为“有臭味，有难闻的气味”；sting the eyes意为“刺眼”；smell bad意为“难闻，刺鼻的怪味”；cause itching意为“引起瘙痒”；discolor the skin意为“使皮肤变色”。句意：