2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号29

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.写作题You are supposed to write a letter to a professor in a university in the United States or UK, requesting for the possibility of a cooperative program for Ph. D. there.1.The letter should begin with “Dear Professor XX

2、X”2.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.3.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use“Ma Qing” instead.4.Do not write the address.【答案】Dear Professor Peter Day,I am Ma Qing from Nanjing University in Jiangsu Province, the Peoples Republic of China. I have become a Ph. D.

3、candidate of our university. My research interest is comparative culture. What I am really interested in is the similarity and difference between American culture and Chinese culture. I am proud to say that I have made some achievements in my academic research. My research papers often appear in som

4、e influential core journals in China. But to tell the truth,my knowledge of the United States is far less than my knowledge of China. So that is not conducive to writing my dissertation related to comparative culture. Under such circumstances, I should like to pursue a co-operative program for Ph. D

5、. in your university. If I have finished learning some courses in China this year,I will take some other courses in your university next year. I especially wish to make greater progress in my academic research under your tutelage because I know you are a famous scholar in the East West Center,the Un

6、iversity of Hawaii.If you could accept my request, I would appreciate it very much. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours respectfully Ma Qing 2.单选题I couldnt（ ） the lecture at all. It was too difficult for me.问题1选项A.take onB.take inC.take overD.take upon【答案】B【解析】take on承担, 呈现；take in领会

7、，吸收，理解；take over接管，接收；take upon承担。句意：我无法理解这个演讲, 它对于我来说太难了。选项B符合句意。3.单选题Crimes by children have been rising at a faster rate than the juvenile population. About half of such crimes involve the traditional offenses of the theft, breaking and entering, and vandalism, but serious, violent crimes are goi

8、ng up at a startling rate. The rate of armed robbery, rape, and murder by juveniles had doubled in a decade. If all the needs of the adolescent could be met adequately and without delay, without violating laws, there would be no point in violation, and a minimum of internal, indirect, and direct con

9、trol would suffice to secure conformity. The objection may be made that many violations are committed for the excitement of the violation itself. However, other possibilities for excitement exist besides violating laws and regulations.No complete and generally satisfactory list of needs, either of c

10、hildren or adults, has been compiled. There does seem to be essential consensus on the needs for affection, and security. Although these categories do not exhaust the needs of children, they are, at least, a beginning.Only some of the childs needs, particularly those of the adolescent, can be satisf

11、ied within the family. The family does, however, also greatly affect the chances the adolescent will have in satisfying his needs in the school, in his peer group, and later, in his occupation. If he is able to satisfy his needs reasonably well outside the home, in socially approved ways, there is l

12、ess pressure to achieve them through delinquent behavior.As there are limitations upon what can be achieved by indirect and direct control, so also are there limitations as to need satisfactions. Adolescents have wants that must be deferred, at least, such as for foreign sport cars, sexual satisfact

13、ions, and adult income and status. Likewise, not everyone can be the captain of the football team, the campus queen or the winner of scholarship honors. At present, there is no way that adolescents can always be made to feel loved and secured and no assurance that there will always be something inte

14、resting to do. On the other side of the ledger, there is always some work to be done to obtain, in a legitimate manner, whatever recognition and privileges are possible.Even though complete and immediate satisfaction of needs is not ordinarily possible, families can go far toward the legitimate sati

15、sfaction of needs within the family, and they can prepare and launch the adolescent in his interaction with school, peer group, and occupation, otherwise they can fail almost totally in helping to meet needs in and outside the family through acceptable behavior.1.According to the author, juveniles c

16、ommit violations because（ ）.2.The fourth paragraph is written to illustrate that（ ） .3.Which of the following should the family do to reduce juvenile delinquency?4.Which of the following themes does the author focus on?问题1选项A.they want to derive pleasure from the violation itselfB.their needs are no

17、t satisfied completely and immediatelyC.violating laws and regulations offers them greater excitementD.not enough control is exercised to make them conform to laws问题2选项A.the important thing is to give children something interesting to doB.all that children need, like adults, are recognition and priv

18、ilegesC.children can be made to feel loved and secure only at homeD.all the needs of an adolescent cannot be satisfied问题3选项A.Exert direct and indirect control over the child within the family.B.Dont interfere in childrens behavior in or outside the family.C.Try to help the children meet legitimate n

19、eeds in and outside the family.D.Try its best to satisfy all of the childrens needs within the family.问题4选项A.Need satisfaction and juvenile delinquency.B.Adolescents interaction with family, school and society.C.Family affection and development.D.Indirect and direct control over adolescents.【答案】第1题:

20、B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第四句“If all the needs of the adolescent could be met adequately and without delay, without violating laws, there would be no point in violation.”如果在不违反法律的情况下，能够充分地及时地满足青少年的所有需要，那么青少年就不会犯罪。选项B符合原文。2.根据第四段的二三句，青少年的某些需要必须被推迟，比如外国跑车，性满足，成人的收入和地位。同样，不是每个人都能成为足球队队长、校花或奖学金获得者。

21、作者意在说明并不是青少年所有的需求都能得到满足，选项D正确。3.根据最后一段的内容可知，家庭可以在很大程度上满足家庭内部的需求，并且可以鼓励孩子与学校，同龄人团体以及职业相关的人和事交往互动。即帮助孩子满足家庭内外的合法需求。选项C符合原文。4.结合文章内容可知，本文主要讨论的是满足需要与青少年犯罪，选项A最能概括全文。第2题:第3题:第4题:4.单选题More than one-third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, （ ）in San Francisco.问题1选项A.previouslyB.predomi

22、nantlyC.practicallyD.permanently【答案】B【解析】previously以前，预先；predominantly主要地，显著地；practically实际地，事实上；permanently永久地。句意：在美国，超过三分之一的华人居住在加州，主要居住在旧金山。选项B符合句意。5.单选题Because of the close （ ）of architects and builders, the building was completed ahead of schedule.问题1选项A.simulationB.compositionC.collaborationD.

23、inflation【答案】C【解析】simulation模拟；composition作曲, 构成；collaboration合作；inflation膨胀。句意:由于建筑师和施工人员的密切合作, 这座建筑提前完工。选项C符合句意。6.写作题You are supposed to write a letter to the editor of a journal in your field, thanking him for suggestions and advice for your paper submitted, and informing him of the modifications

24、 and improvements you have made.1.The letter should begin with “Dear Editor”.2.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.3.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.4.Do not write the address.【答案】Dear Editor,It is a pleasant surprise for me to learn through

25、 your long-distance call that my research paper entitled The Cultural Connotation of Missouri Nickname Show Me State and Its Different Chinese Versions will be published in the first issue of your journal in 2014, whose impact factor is more than 1. 0.Today I am writing to you to extend my sincere t

26、hanks for your repeated scrutiny and revision of my research paper. If it had not been for your warm-hearted help and patient tutelage, my research paper would have contained much more errors and imperfections than it actually does. For example,in this thesis,I simply put forward the cultural connot

27、ation of Missouris nickname Show Me State and several Chinese translated names without remembering to point out its origin,by means of which the reading audience in the English- speaking world and the non-English-speaking world can have an in-depth understanding of its cultural connotation. It is yo

28、ur guidance that has enabled me to improve a lot my treatise, which has become more substantial than it used to be. Your advice is enlightening and has broadened my horizons. It is you who have given me confidence,inspiration and academic courage. I will stick to my current research orientation and

29、strive to create more research papers related to American culture.Best Regards.Yours respectfully Li Ming 7.单选题In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully（ ）. 问题1选项A.admittedB.acknowledgedC.absorbedD.considered【答案】D【解析】句意：在这家工厂，建议往往要等几个月才能得到充分考虑。只有选项D符合句意。8.单选题Ja

30、ck is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent . （ ）, I cant speak too highly of him.问题1选项A.As a resultB.By the wayC.In a wordD.On the contrary【答案】C【解析】as a result作为结果；by the way顺便说；in a word总之，简言之；on the contrary正相反。句意：杰克善良、勤奋、聪明。总之，我对他评价再高也不过分。选项C符合句意。9.单选题Education is one of the key words of our

31、time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states “invest” in institutions of learning to get back “interest” in the form of

32、 a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooksthose purchasable wells of wisdomwhat would civilization be like without its benefits?So much is certain: that we would have docto

33、rs and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on “facts and figures” and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational syste

34、m were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college” imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equippe

35、d for life.It is the ideal condition of the “equal start” which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no “illiterates”一if the term can be applied to peopl

36、e without a scriptwhile our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of “civilized” nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in

37、 the knowledge accumulated by the “happy few” during the past centuries.Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child gro

38、ws up under the ever-present attention of his parents, therefore the jungles and the grasslands know of no “juvenile delinquency”. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children and no father is confronted with his inability to “buy” an education for his child.1.The wo

39、rd “interest” in the first paragraph most probably means（ ）.2.According to the passage, the author seems to be （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）. 4.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?5.The best title for this passage is（ ）. 问题1选项A.pleasureB.returnsC.s

40、hareD.knowledge问题2选项A.against the education in the very early historic timesB.in favor of the educational practice in primitive culturesC.quite happy to see an equal start for everyoneD.positive about our present educational instruction问题3选项A.the aim of “equal start” has already been reached among s

41、avagesB.savages in ancient times are more civilized than modern peopleC.the modern education system is more democratic than beforeD.there are no illiterates in civilized nations in todays society问题4选项A.Education cant work without the benefits of textbooks.B.We have not yet decided on our educational

42、 models.C.Compulsory schooling is not existent in all nations.D.Our spiritual outlook is better now than before.问题5选项A.Education and Modern CivilizationB.The Significance of Modern EducationC.Educational Investment and the Profit It BringsD.Education: A Comparison between Past and Present【答案】第1题:B第2

43、题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据原文句意：由于深信教育的重要性，现代国家“投资”于学习机构，培养一大批开明的，有可能成为领导的青年男女，以此来获得“回报”。“invest”和“interest”相对应，所以选项B正确。2.根据第三段第一句“It is the ideal condition of the “equal start” which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain.”这是“平等起步”的理想状态，只有我们最先进的现代教育形式才试图恢复这种理想状态。由此可以推断，作者似

44、乎赞同原始文化中的平等教育传统，所以选项B符合原文。3.根据第二段的最后两句，在我们喜欢称之为野蛮人的人群中，所有由传统继承的知识都为所有人所共享;它被教导给部落的每一个成员，因此在这方面，每个人都是平等地为生活做好准备。由此可知，野蛮人已经达到了“平等起步”的目标，所以选项A正确。4.根据第三段“.our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of

45、“civilized” nations.”德国于1642年将义务教育列入法律条文，法国在1806年，英国是在1876年，但是在一些“文明”国家仍然不存在。由此可知，并非所有的国家都有义务教育，选项C符合原文。5.结合全文内容可知，本文主要将过去的教育和现代的教育进行对比，指出现代教育的不足之处，选项D最能概括全文，所以正确。10.单选题The colors of that coat and hat dont（ ）. 问题1选项A.suitB.mixC.matchD.compare【答案】C【解析】句意：那件外套的颜色和帽子不相配。选项C符合句意。suit表示适合的意思后面需要加介词for，所以

46、本题选C最为恰当。11.翻译题The Englishman has been called a political animal, and he values what is political and practical so much that ideas easily become objects of dislike in his eyes,and thinkers, miscreants, because practice is everything, a free play of the mind is nothing. The notion of the free play of

47、 mind upon all subjects being a pleasure in itself,being an object of desire,being an essential provider of elements without which a nations spirit,whatever compensations it may have for them,must in the long run,die of emptiness,hardly enters into an Englishmans thoughts. It is noticeable that the

48、word curiosity,which in other languages is used in a good sense,to mean, as a high and fine quality of mans nature,just this disinterested love of a play of the mind on all subjects, for its own sakeit is noticeable,I say,that this word has in our language no sense of the kind,no sense but a rather

49、bad and disparaging one. But criticism, real criticism, is essentially the exercise of this very quality.It obeys an instinct prompting it to try to know the best that is known and thought in the world, irrespectively of practice,politics,and everything of the kind; and to value knowledge and though

50、t as they approach this best,without the intrusion of any other considerations whatsoever. This is an instinct for which there is,I think, little original sympathy in the practical English nature,and what there was of it has undergone a long benumbing period of blight and suppression in the epoch of

51、 Romanticism.It is of the last importance that English criticism should clearly discern what rule of its course,in order to avail itself of the field now opening to it,and to produce fruit for the future,it ought to take,which may be summed up in one worddisinterestedness. And how is criticism to sh

52、ow disinterestedness? By keeping aloof from what is called “the practical view of things”; by resolutely following the law of its own nature, which is to be a free play of the mind on all subjects it touches. By steadily refusing to lend itself to any of those concealed, political, practical conside

53、rations about ideas, which plenty of people will be sure to attach to them, but which criticism has nothing to do with. Its business is,as I have said,simply to know the best that is known and thought in the world, and by in its turn making this known, to create a current of true and fresh ideas. It

54、s business is to do this with inflexible honesty, with due ability; but its business is to do no more.【答案】对所有事物的自由思考本身就是一种乐趣,一种愿望,为民族精神提供了赖以生存 的重要因素,不管其他什么样的补偿,一个国家的民族精神终究会由于空洞而消逝。但这种 认识很难进入英国人的思想。好奇心遵循一种本能,促使它不考虑实践、政治和所有类似的事物,汲取世界上知识 和思想的精华; 并且促使它在这个过程中不受任何其他考虑的侵扰,珍视知识和思想。至关重要的是,英国的批评界若想利用向它敞开的领域,若

55、想在将来有所收获,必须 清楚应该为自己的发展道路选择什么样的原则。这种原则可以用“客观” 一词加以概括。12.单选题Michael Yessis, an emeritus professor of Sports Science at California State University, maintains that “genetics only determines about one third of what an athlete can do. But with the right training we can go much further with that one third

56、 than weve been going.” Yessis believes that U. S. runners, despite their impressive achievements, are “running on their genetics”. By applying more scientific methods,“theyre going to go much faster”. These methods include strength training as well as plyometrics,a technique pioneered in the former

57、 Soviet Union. Whereas most exercises are designed to build up strength or endurance, plyometrics focuses on increasing powerthe rate at which an athlete can expend energy.Nutrition is another area that sports trainers have failed to address adequately. “Many athletes are not getting the best nutrit

58、ion,even through supplements,” Yessis insists. Each activity has its own nutritional needs. Few coaches,for instance, understand how deficiencies in trace minerals can lead to injuries.Focused training will also play a role in enabling records to be broken. “If we applied the Russian training model

59、to some of the outstanding runners we have in this country,” Yessis asserts, “they would be breaking records left and right.”One of the most important new methodologies is biomechanics, the study of the body in motion. A biomechanic films an athlete in action and then digitizes his performance, reco

60、rding the motion of every joint and limb in three dimensions. By applying Newtons laws to these motions, “we can say that this athletes run is not fast enough; that this one is not using his arms strongly enough during take-off,” says Dapena, who uses these methods to help high jumpers. To date, how