旅游经济学课件1

1、The Economics of Travel and TourismThe Economics of Travel and To教学目的通过本课程学习，掌握和了解旅游经济学的学科特点、研究对象、研究内容和研究方法，从总体上掌握旅游经济学的理论体系和结构。教学目的通过本课程学习，掌握和了解旅游经济学的学科特点、研究教学方法根据教材内容、课程体系、双语课的教学要求以及学生的接受能力，适当对教材内容进行删减，并相应增加相关内容，补充一些旅游经济学案例，让学生在掌握理论的同时，学会应用。教学方法根据教材内容、课程体系、双语课的教学要求以及学生的接参考书目1.旅游经济学，郑州大学出版社，田孝蓉2.旅游

2、经济学，上海人民出版社，陶汉军，林南枝3.旅游经济学，南开大学出版社，罗明义4.旅游经济学，东北财经大学出版社，龙江智翻译5.旅游经济学理论与发展，东北财经大学，厉新建，张辉参考书目1.旅游经济学，郑州大学出版社，田孝蓉考核方式：开卷考试或半开半闭；平时成绩占30%；考试成绩占70%。 考核方式：开卷考试或半开半闭；The Economics of Travel and TourismChapter 1 IntroductionThe Economics of Travel and To1. tourismTourism is neither a phenomenon nor a simple

3、 set of industries. It is a human activity, which encompasses human behavior, use of resources, and interaction with other people, economies and environments. 1. tourismTourism is neither aIt also involves physical movement of tourists to locales other than their normal living places. Although most

4、tourism around the world is a form of recreation, thus implying use of an individuals discretionary time, some tourism is inevitably linked with obligations, such as business or health requirements.It also involves physical moveThe definition旅游是游览为目的的旅行，是人们出于各种个人或社会动机，离开居住地区到另一个地区或另一个国家旅行游览一段时间，然后返回

5、原住地的整个活动过程。 The definition旅游是游览为目的的旅行，是人们出Though there are different definitions about tourism, it is generally agreed that travel and tourism includes. （1）tourist needs and motivations ；（2）tourism selection behavior and constraints（3）travel away from home；（4）market interactions between tourists and

6、 those supplying products to satisfy tourist needs；（5）impacts on tourists, hosts, economies and environments 。Though there are different defeconomics plays a role in many of these areas, particularly where there is a need to analyze market forces relation demand by tourists to supply of products, an

7、d in analyzing economic impacts and measures to control tourisms effects. economics plays a role in manyIt is also important to interrelate economics with the sociology, psychology and geography of tourism on the one hand; on the other hand, economics plays a role in planning, management and marketi

8、ng in travel and tourism organization and destination.It is also important to interr2. the tourism industry Products and services are parts of tourist requirements, and tourism industry encompasses a whole mass of organizations, majority of which are likely to be involved in passenger carriage, acco

9、mmodation and amenities or attractions. 2. the tourism industry In addition, however, there are specific and supporting organizations, such as tourist information centers, souvenir manufacturers and retailers, or brochure distribution companies. In addition, however, there arBecause of this complex

10、range, it is useful to attempt to classify the industry into sectors. One such classification produces:（1）carriersin any form of transport for tourist travel；（2）accommodation；（3）man-made attractionswhich could also include the managed areas of natural attractions；（4）private sector support services；（

11、5）public sector support services；（6）middlemensuch as tour wholesalers and travel agents .Because of this complex range,By their nature, the majority of organizations in travel and tourism are concerned primarily with their own individual product, and probably at best with the marketplace represented

12、 within their sector. When asked what their product is, most hoteliers will reply accommodation, most agents travel services, and so on. 3 tourism productBy their nature, the majority Thus, in their view, whilst admitting to being within the travel and tourism industry, most will not claim to be sup

13、plying a product called tourism. Indeed, some businesses- such as restaurants in tourist areas- may be selling principally to tourists, so are part of the tourism industry, whereas others supplying a similar physical product, but to non-tourists- such as restaurants in city business districts- are n

14、ot really part of the tourism industry.3 tourism productThus, in their view, whilst adThis immediately creates a problem in any economic analysis of the field, in that the products felt to be supplied by members of the industry are not necessarily the same as those products perceived to be in demand

15、 by consumers. Tourists on the whole are likely to have a more global concept of the travel and tourism product which they are buying than are individual suppliers. This immediately creates a pro从旅游市场角度from the view of tourism market 旅游产品是指旅游者和旅游经营者在市场上交换的、主要用于旅游活动中所消费的各种物质产品和服务的总和。 从旅游市场角度from the

16、view of touris从旅游需求方面看from the tourism demands 旅游产品是旅游者花费一定时间、费用和精力所获得的一段旅游经历和感受。它包括从旅游者离开常住地开始到达目的地旅游、再到旅游结束回到常住地的全部过程中所接触的各种实物和所接受的各种服务的整个经历和感受。 3 tourism product从旅游需求方面看from the tourism deman3 tourism productFor example, one tourist may really wish to purchase the chance to sit on a sunny beach f

17、or a week, to obtain the end benefits of total relaxation, restored well-being and a good suntan. 3 tourism productFor example, Another simply demands the opportunity for a face-to-face business meeting in order to close a sales contract for his or her company. In neither case are these tourists rea

18、lly seeking to buy tradeable products, but rather a dream, total experience, activity or business opportunity. Another simply demands the opp从旅游供给者方面from the view of tourism suppliers 是指旅游经营者凭借一定旅游资源、旅游设施和其他媒体，向旅游者提供并能满足其在旅游活动中所需要的各种产品和服务的总和。 3 tourism product从旅游供给者方面from the view of touri4.The econ

19、omics of travel and tourism4.1 the definition旅游经济学作为一门交叉学科，是研究旅游经济活动的运行及其运行过程中所产生的经济现象、经济关系和经济规律的科学。 4.The economics of travel and 4.2 the objects which we study in the economics of travel and tourism 1.旅游经济活动所反映的经济关系the economic relations which activities of tourism economics reflect（1）the economic

20、 relations between tourists and travel agencies（2）the economic relations between tourism corporations（3）the economic relations between tourists and residents4.The economics of travel and tourism4.2 the objects which we study2.旅游经济活动中的矛盾 the conflicts in tourism economic activities（1）旅游者方面的矛盾旅游者需求与可自

21、由支配收入的矛盾旅游者需求欲望与余暇时间的矛盾需求欲望与旅游者自身文化、身体素质之间的矛盾旅游者之间争夺“热点”、“热线”的矛盾旅游者需求与一个国家或地区的政治制度、现行政策及经济发展水平间的矛盾。2.旅游经济活动中的矛盾 the conflicts in （2）旅游经营者方面的矛盾各类旅游企业间的矛盾。旅游部门与非旅游部门间的矛盾。旅游企业收益与成本、劳动消耗与劳动成果间的矛盾旅游业宏观效益与微观效益的矛盾（2）旅游经营者方面的矛盾（3）旅游者与旅游经营者间的矛盾旅游者支付能力与旅游价格之间的矛盾旅游者的旅游需求内容与旅游经营者提供的旅游服务项目的矛盾旅游需求的高度灵活性与旅游供给的相对稳定

22、性之间的矛盾旅游者需求内容与旅游服务质量之间的矛盾（3）旅游者与旅游经营者间的矛盾旅游产品及开发一、特征comprehensivenessintangibilityNon-transitivity inseparabilityperishabilityvulnerability 旅游产品及开发一、特征comprehensivenessi二、旅游产品的构成（一）一般构成 1、核心部分 core product 2、形式部分 tangible product 3、延伸部分 augmented product二、旅游产品的构成（一）一般构成二、旅游产品的构成（二）需求构成1.按旅游者需求偏好2.按旅游者需求程度3.按旅游者消费内容分为食、住、行、游、购、娱游览观光旅游产品休闲度假产品特种旅游产品基本旅游产品非基本旅游产品二、旅游产品的构成（二）需求构成游览观光旅游产品休闲度假产（三）供给构成 （四）按市场构成二、旅游产品的构