汽车系统构造(英文版)-Lesson-30-Estimating-for-Automobile-Re汇总课件

1、Lesson 30 Estimating for Automobile Repair Lesson 30 Estimating for AutomEstimating GuidesCollision estimating guides (also called collision manuals or crash guides) are the single most important tools used by damage report writers and appraisers. The Mitchell Collision Estimating Guide, published b

2、y Mitchell International Inc., and the Motor Crash Estimating Guide published by the Hearst Corporation are the two most popular estimating guides in use today. They contain vital crash and repair information on both domestic and import passenger cars, vans, and light trucks.Estimating GuidesPublish

3、ers constantly update and reissue their guides to keep abreast of changing prices, revised Labor hours, and new and discontinued components. With up to sixteen updates per year for current models, it is important for all involved in the industry to use the most up-to-date manuals when compiling and

4、comparing estimates. Publishers constantly update aThe guides list the OEM parts prices and information for the past seven or eight model years. Early model guides are also available for vehicles up to fourteen years old.As mentioned earlier, publishers strive to organize their manuals in a logical,

5、 easy-to-use manner. Although slight differences exist between manuals, information is generally first divided by vehicle year and vehicle model. The guides list the OEM parts Within each of these divisions, information is then categorized under major assemblies (such as the bumper or hood) or major

6、 systems (such as the air conditioner, heater, or exhaust). An exploded-view illustration of the assembly or system shows the relative position of the parts and gives their industry-accepted names and manufacturers reference numbers. The parts in the exploded views are keyed to the pricing and flat

7、rate labor allowances that accompany each illustration. Within each of these divisionsIt is important to remember that the flat rate Labor hours provided by the manuals give times for the removal and replacement of new and undamaged parts on undamaged vehicles are vital. But actual Labor hours neede

8、d to remove heavily damaged parts or parts frozen by rust or corrosion may vary. It is important to remember thIt is impossible to establish accurate Labor hours for all operations. Jobs such as transferring brackets, braces, reinforcements, or ornaments from old to new parts vary in difficulty depe

9、nding on the particular job. Removing undercoating, restoring corrosion protection, and filling or plugging unneeded holes on new parts are other examples of labor allowances not included in the published Labor hours. It is impossible to establish A full listing of times not included in published La

10、bor hours is given in the collision estimating guide. Guides also do not list any Labor hours for the straightening or repair of frame, sheet metal components, or plastics. Labor allowances for these repairs are referred to as judgement Labor hour. A full listing of times not inAllowances for judgem

11、ent Labor hour and other nonincluded operations are determined through experience and careful calculation of all factors involved. Reaching an agreement concerning nonincluded labor allowances is often the most difficult part of shop/adjuster negotiations. Allowances for judgement LaborPart prices l

12、isted in the manuals are for new OEM parts. Glass listings give both the manufacturers and National Auto Glass Specifications (NAGS) PART NUMBERS AND PRICES.Individual crash guides also include most, if not all, of the following:Part prices listed in the manuDetailed step-by-step instructions on how

13、 to use the guide effectively. Definition of the terms used in the guide. Guidelines for computing Labor hours for overlapping operations. Abbreviation explanations. Guidelines for vehicle identification, including how to interpret vehicle identification numbers (VINs).Detailed step-by-step instruc

14、Cooling capacity information. Air conditioner refrigerant capacity listings. Underhood diagrams. Conversion tables for quickly determining labor prices. Sectioning information (when available from OEM). Listings of part numbers that can be interchanged between related models. Cooling capacity inform

15、ationIt is easy to see why damage report writers and appraisers must be totally familiar with the information in the most up-do-date guides. It is provided to make your job easier. Unfortunately, one of the most common complaints about incompetent adjusters and facility personnel is the inability to

16、 use the collision estimating guides.It is easy to see why damage rThe information in the guides also serves as the data base for most computerized estimating programs. Computerized estimating vastly reduces the time needed to prepare a damage report. It also reduced the likelihood of math errors, o

17、mitted operations, and inaccurate overlap computation. Warning: verbal, nonwritten estimates should never be made. They often lead to misunderstandings that generate customer disloyalty and possible legal action.The information in the guides 2. The Estimators ToolsThe estimator needs several tools w

18、hen making an analysis of damage. Here is a list of the basic equipment required to complete a thorough damage analysis:2. The Estimators Tools1) The estimator will need some method of recording information. Depending on the extent of damage, the estimator can simply use a note pad and pencil, or th

19、e damage can be verbally recorded on a tape recorder and transcribed later. Those with access to a computerized estimating program can use computer-generated exploded parts illustrations and estimating worksheets or even enter parts codes into a hand-held computer.1) The estimator will need som2) Th

20、e estimator needs manufacturers parts lists and specification sheets to assist in the identification of parts and in the measuring of critical dimensions. 3) Measuring tools are essential to accurately analyzing damage. A tram gauge and a twelve-foot steel tape with both metric and fractional-inch (SAE) dimensions are necessary. Most manufacturers specifications are given in the metric system.2) The estimator needs manufac4) The estimator must