商务交际英语Chapter2课件

1、English &Communication For Colleges 商务交际英语（上）Chapter 2 Communicating in a Diverse Workplace多元文化环境中的交际2-1 Cultural differences at Home and Abroad国内外的文化差异Objectives Define “ cultural diversity “”muticultural ,”and “multinational” List population trends that indicate the U.S. work place is becoming mor

2、e multicultural . Identify three projections for the global workplace of the twenty-first century .List , describe, and give examples of differences among cultures . Cultural Diversity 文化多样性Define “cultural diversity”、“multicultural”What contribute to cultural diversity of the U.S.A ?Cultural Divers

3、ity 文化多样性（1）Define “cultural diversity”With cultural diversity , people from different backgrounds have different languages , customs values , manners , perceptions(观念） , social structures , and decision-making practices（决策习惯） 由于文化的多元性，来自不同背景的人有不同的语言、风俗、价值观 、规矩，观念、社会结构和决策习惯Cultural Diversity 文化多样性（2

4、）Define “multicultural society”多元文化社会A society made up of people from many cultures . Members of those cultures all have different views of proper business etiquette(商务礼仪） , based on their upbringing（养育） and cultural traditions Cultural Diversity 文化多样性（3）What contribute to cultural diversity of the

5、U.S.A ?There are at least 300 different cultures in the United States . Members of those cultures all have different views of proper business etiquette , based on their upbringing and cultural traditions . The U.S. Department of Labor predicts that African Americans （非裔美国人）, Hispanics拉美裔美国人 ), and A

6、sian Americans（亚裔美国人） will make up more than a quarter of the workforce by 2005 . The World as a Global Workplace 世界全球性的工作场所（1）Multinational companies 跨国公司Diversity in Your Own Global Workplace 全球工作场所的工作多样性Projections for the Twenty-first Century 二十一世纪的展望The World as a Global Workplace 世界全球性的工作场所（2）

7、Multinational Companies 跨国公司A Multinational company is one that conducts business in two or more nations . The World as a Global Workplace 世界全球性的工作场所（3）Diversity in Your Own Global Workplace 全球工作场所的工作多样性How to work effectively with others from different cultures ？ The first step is to recognize , un

8、derstand ,and accept differences , Then you must deal sentsitively with people from other backgrounds . The World as a Global Workplace 世界全球性的工作场所（4）Projections for the Twenty-first Century二十一世纪的展望Technology , estpecially the Internet , will enable more businesses to enter the global marketplace . T

9、here will be an explosive growth（爆炸性的发展） of companies doing business across borders . Continuing development of a world marketplace (世界市场）will require development of an international workforce . Cultural Difference 文化差异（1）Language Differences 语言差异Body Language 身体语言Facial Expressions面部表情Personal Spac

10、e 个人空间Business Cards 明信片 Cultural differences can be the barriers to communication . The Challenge is knowing what words and actions will be perceived as “respectful and helpful “Cultural Difference 文化差异（2）Language Differences 语言差异People all over the world speak more than 3,000 language . Languages

11、widely used in the USA & in the world (P41)Cultural Difference 文化差异（3）Body language The hand movements(手势） , posture（姿势）, and facial expressions （面部表情）that accompany the words Gestures are not universal 手势、姿势、动作并不是世界通用的Cultural Difference 文化差异（3） Difference in Body LanguageOKGood, go ahead etc. for

12、AmericanWorthless, zero etc. forFrenchObscene, lewd（淫荡的、好色）etc. for other countriesFeetFor （Islamic伊斯兰教的）, its unclean and showing soles（脚底） of feet is rudeDo not cross your feet at the ankle YesTilt倾斜 the head to either side for GreekNoNod slightly the head upward / lift the eyebrows for Greek.Cult

13、ural Difference 文化差异（4）Facial ExpressionsEye contact (P41)Handshake (P42)Smile Cultural Difference 文化差异（4） SMILEMiddle EasternersTo sooth（安慰） sb. to avoid conflict（冲突）FrenchGiving inappropriate intrusion （干扰、侵犯）when smile at a person on the street.AsianMeaning happy, sad, apologetic, angry, frustrat

14、ed, thankful & confused.Some culturesNot be truly understoodCultural Difference 文化差异（5） Personal SpaceAmerican & West Europeans18 inches to 3 feetMiddle Easterners (same sex), Mediterranean（地中海地区） & Hispanics（拉美地区）Less than 18 inchesChineseVery limited, comfortable with physical closenessMost of res

15、t of the worldMore than 3 feetCultural Difference 文化差异（6）Business cards Americans are casual with business cards Chinese people taqke business cards very seriously and exchange them early in a meeting Asian dont offer the card until being asked or may appear too aggressive .Japan : （P43）Cultural Div

16、ersity 文化多样性（3）What contribute to cultural diversity of the U.S.A ?Hispanics（A Hispanics is a citizen of the United States of America who or whose family originally came from Spanish-speaking countries which are most Latin America拉美裔美国人 ),Key Phrases and sentence structures (P38, Pa.2)Accommodating

17、peoples experiences and ideas is one of the greatest challenges in the culturally diverse workplace 接纳人们的经历与想法是文化多元性的职场里的巨大挑战(P38. Pa4) The same is true for上述情况也出现在/上述情况也适用于 immigrants from Eastern Europe and other areas 上述情况也适用在来自东欧及其他国家的移民身上。Key Phrases and sentence structures （P42, Pa.1 of Person

18、al Space )The size of a persons personal space varies depending upon personal preference and cultural background . 个人空间大小是根据个人的喜好与文化背景而变化的。1. Our _ is located in Shanghai. headquarters b. headquarter c. quarter d. headquart2. Which country perceive OK sign as poor manners, and what does it mean ther

19、e? a. France, obscene comment b. America, verbal c. America lewd comment d. France, worthless3. Most American prefer to stand _ when talking to others. a. less than 18 inches b. more than 3 feet c. 18 inches to 3 feet d. closer than a couple of feetAnswers: 1A; 2D; 3C Exercise 2-14. What is cultural

20、 diversity? Cultural diversity is the different languages, customs, values, manners, perceptions, social structure, and decision making practices that people from different backgrounds have.5. Why is the American workplace likely to become an increasingly multicultural? A million people immigrate to

21、 the united states eachyear. More than 20 million existing US residents were born in other countries. As these people enter the workforce, they create cultural diversity.Exercise 2-16. How will the continuing development of a global marketplace affect American workers? The global marketplace makes i

22、t more likely that Americans will deal with people from other countries or cultures. Americans are beginning toexpect to be able to deal with people from all over the world.7.（E-C英译中) In spite of a smiles different meaning, it is still the best sign of general goodwill. Dont forget to use it, especi

23、ally when being introduced to people. 尽管微笑有不同的含义，但它还是表达善意的最好方式。不要忘记微笑，尤其是当你被介绍给别人的时候。 Exercise 2-12-2 Effective Cross- Cultural Communication 有效的跨文化交流Objectives Define “cross-cultural communication”List and explain four guideline to help people communicate effectively across cultures Identify strate

24、gies for effective global communication cross-cultural communication Cross cultural communication occurs when two individuals from different cultures communicate , whether verbally , nonverbally , or in writing . They dont belong to the same culture , whey dont share the same assumptions , values ,b

25、eliefs , feeling , or ways of thinking and behaving . Guidelines for Cross-Cultural Communication (1)Guideline1 Learn about and accept cultural differences 了解并接纳文化差异Use internet sources Read books and magazines about other cultures See foreign movies and videos .Take every opportunity to talk to peo

26、ple from different countries. Guidelines for Cross-Cultural Communication Guidelines 2 Be sensitive toward people from other cultures 慎重对待来自不同文化的人Avoid generalizations about groups of people . Avoid discussion about politics , religion, and any other potentially sensitive issues敏感事情 during business

27、conversations Be sensitive to ethnic种族 , religious宗教 ,and moral values道德价值 of others . Guidelines for Cross-Cultural Communication Guidelines 3 Be prepare for language barriers and get past them 克服语言障碍 Dealing sensitively with other employees whose first language is not English makes the workplace a

28、 more comfortable place. Guidelines 4 Keep messages simple and short 信息要简短 In written messages , use short sentences and paragraphs .Avoid slang , jargon , abbreviations and acronyms .Guidelines for Cross-Cultural Communication Be prepare for language barriers and get past them 克服语言障碍Keep messages s

29、imple and short 信息要简短Strategies for Global Communication 全球性交流的策略Be adaptable适应，调整Use your best English-speaking habits Do not use acronyms首字母缩略词， slang俚语 ,and jargon行话Be aware of a cultures forms of nonverbal communication Use Visual aids Recongnize that people from cultures other than your own hav

30、e different assumptions认识到来自不同于你自己的文化的人会有不同的假设 Be careful about using humor Maintain personal contact Key Phrases and sentence structures（P46,Pa1)Avoid generalizations概述化，一概而论 about groups of people . 避免对各种群体一概而论（P46.Pa2) Be sensitive to对谨慎、小心 ethnic , religious ,and moral values of others 对待他人的种族、宗

31、教、道德观念要小心谨慎Key Phrases and sentence structures（P46,Pa3) Dealing sensitively with和小心相处/对小心处理 other employees whose first language is not English makes the workplace a more comfortable place . 和那些第一语言不是英语的人小心相处，这让办公环境成为更加舒适的地方。1. We will _ the road tomorrow. a. go b. take c. hit d. walkAnswer: C2. How

32、 can cultural differences become communication barriers? Speaking English with someone whose first language is not English can result in a communication barrier. Also, barriers occur when communicating with someone who simply has different beliefs, customs, or values. Exercise 2-22-3Other Diversitie

33、s in the Workplace 工作场所的多样性ObjectivesList benefits of diversity in the workplace. Recognize types of diversity in the workplace and understand the challenges diversity creates . Use communication tips for handling diversity. Benefits of Diversity It is well established(证实） that , over time随着时间推移 , h

34、eterogeneous混合的、多种类的 groups outperform优胜于 homogeneous同质的 groups . They are better at problem solving , better at decision making , and better at generating creative ideas . 经查证：随着时间推移，异质团体优胜于同质团体，他们更善于解决问题、更善于决策、更善于产生创意。The source or nature of diversity can help make our work relationships smoother

35、and more productive具有创造性的. 多样性的资源与性质有助于使我们工作关系更加顺畅、更加有创造性。types of diversity in the workplaceDifferences in Culture and nationality Race or ethnicity 种族Gender 性别Physical abilities 体能Social class 社会阶层Age 年龄Socioeconomic status 社会经济地位Religion 宗教Personality个性 the challenges diversityAffect communicatio

36、n; Stereotype A stereotype is an oversimplified belief about a group of people 定势，固定印象，固定的形式Diversity Tips a. Diversity has levels & complexities b. Not separate people c. Admit what you dont know d. Notice how people call themselves e. Not make assumption f. Not patronize people g. Not doubt the au

37、thenticity h. Have your biases changed i. Replace judgment with fact j. Choose proper reference k. Use parallel titles and terms l. Think about the use of “we” m. Not use judgment words n. Have sb. review your workKey Phrases and sentence structures（P51，Last Pa.) Even if you are not exposed to面对，接触到

38、 international diversity ,your coworkers probably come from different ethnic backgrounds , practice different religions ,and hold different views on politics , work , and problem solving . 即使你没有接触到国际多元性，你的同事可能来自不同的种族背景，有不同的宗教、对政治、工作、解决问题有不同的看法。It is important not to patronize or _ people who do not

39、speak your language fluently. look down on b. talk down to c. look into d. look up on2. What does “heterogeneous” and “homogeneous” mean?dissimilar and domestic b. dissimilar and creativec. dissimilar and similar d. dissimilar and harmoniousAnswer: A; C3.（E-C ) Communication skills are especially im

40、portant when you communicate with people of diverse backgrounds. In addition to just writing or speaking effectively, you need to add elements of sensitivity, understanding and tolerance in your communication. 在与来自不同文化背景的人进行交流时,交流技巧尤为重要.在交流中,不仅需要有有效的写和说的能力,还要有感知力,理解力和忍耐力。 Exercise 2-34. (E-C) Compan

41、y executives as well as all levels of employees must be committed to what is called a culture of inclusiveness- an environment in which peoples differences are not just accepted, but welcomed. 公司的主管以及各级雇员都有责任营造一种包容性的文化氛围，即人们的文化差异不仅被接收，而且受欢迎的环境。 Exercise 2-32-4 Working effectively in Teams 团队有效工作Obje

42、ctives Identify five stages in effective team development Name and describe five roles needed for effective teams List qualities shared by successful teams Define “virtual team Workplace Teams How important are the workplace teams in American companies ? Workplace teams are a trend in American compa

43、nies . From manufacturing to service industries , nearly every organization realizes the benefits of using teams to increase productivity and to be competitive in the marketplace . Effective Work Teams Five stages in effective team development ?S1-learn about each other; S2-get down to work;S3-clari

44、fy members roles & task; S4-carry out its workS5-develop its own identity形成自己的团队特征five roles needed for effective teams A. Team membershipbased on function, purpose or individual expertise B. *Characteristicsleader, challenger, doer, thinker & supporter (consult P.57)Qualities Shared By Successful TeamsMember have a shared team vision and a commitment to clear , challenging objectives . Work is done in a supportive atmosphere . There is a strong , positive group iden