USelectoralsystem美国选举制度课件

1、American Presidential ElectionPrepared by: MayAmerican Presidential ElectionStart with the Constitution(宪法) quadrennial The Election Day is the Tuesday between November 2nd and 8th(the last one: Nov. 4th 2008;the next one : Nov 6th, 2012）Candidates for President and Vice-President Run Together. (In

2、most cases, the presidential candidate select a vice-presidential candidate himself.)The Constitution states that suffrage cannot be denied on grounds of race ,color,sex or age.Basic introductionStart with the Constitution(宪法ContentPresidential Job DescriptionPresidential Election SystemProcess of p

3、residential electionFactors influencing turnoutNegative impact of American presidential electionWhat we can learn from American presidential electionContentTerms:No more than two terms or ten yearsUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度课件Rewards of president$200,000 a yearLiving in White HouseCamp David as a retrea

4、tFleets of aircraft and carsA generous pensionMoney for an office and staff after retirementPresidential Job DescriptionPresidential Job Description党间领导国内政策的领导行政领导对外政策的领导军事能力象征性的领导党间领导国内政策的领导行政领导对外政策的领导军事能力象征性的（四） 总统选举程序提名程序(nomination process)总统候选人竞选正式选举(general election)primary elction党的全国代表大会proc

5、edureFebJuneJulyAugSepNovDecnext Jan选举人投票(electoral voting) 12月份第二个星期三后的第一个星期一 大选日选民投票(voting on Election Day) 11月份第一个星期一后的第一个星期二 国会两院联席会议上计票(electoral votes counting) 、宣布大选结果declare election results1月20日宣誓就职nomination（1）1790-1824年的国会党团会议提名制（2）1831-1968年的全国代表大会提名制（3）1968年至今的预选提名制（四） 总统选举程序提名程序(nomin

6、ation procPresidential Election SystemElections for President and Vice President of the United States are indirect elections in which voters cast ballots for a slate of electors of the U.S. Electoral College, who in turn directly elect the President and Vice President. Presidential Election SystemEl

7、Most state laws establish a winner-take-all system, wherein the ticket that wins a plurality of votes wins all of that states allocated electoral votes, and thus has their slate of electors chosen to vote in the Electoral College. Presidential Election SystemTotal electoral votes: 538 Candidate gets

8、 more than 270 win the electionMost state laws establish a wi“Winner-take-all”Exceptions: Maine and NebraskaWhere would you focus your energy and campaign the hardest?“Winner-take-all”Exceptions: M08年美国选举人分布08年美国选举人分布538 electors100Senators435Congressmen3 electors The District of Columbia535Represen

9、tatives in Congress538 electors1004353 electors 550 states 538Senate 100House of Representatives 435Colombia DC 3选举人和选举人团制 美国宪法第二条第一款规定：每州应依照该议会所定方式选派选举人若干人，其数目同该州在国会应有的参议员和众议员总人数相等，但参议员或众议员，或在合众国属下担任有责任或有薪金职务的人，不得被选派为选举人。由各州选派的选举人组成选举人团。 由选举人团投票,如得票数超过选举人总数的一半，即当选为总统，这就是选举人团制。 50 states 538Senate 1

10、00House4.General Election 全国选举5.inaug-uration总统就职仪式Process of presidential election4.General Election 全国选举5.inaugEach state has its own electorsEach state starts to conduct popular elections to choose their slate of electors: indirect election system. Each party has its own electoral college(选举委员会）大

11、规模的Each state has its own electorThe electors from Each State make up the Electoral College“The major political parties will officially hold its presidential nominating conventions. In this nominating conventions, The “Electoral College” Votes for the President. Normally ,the candidate for president

12、 receiving the majority(50%) of the electoral votes is the elected president.IndirectDirectIndirectDirectThe candidates of the major parties will go to many states to win the supporters by means of ：campaigning trips to different statesaddressing TV speechesshowing on TV debates. These media tools p

13、lay an important role in running(宣传造势） . This process costs lots. The candidates of the major pa总统大选电视辩论2012 第一场总统大选电视辩论2012 第一场turnout in 2008Maccine admited his failure Obama won the electionturnout in 2008Maccine admitedNational Representatives Conference After National Representatives Conference

14、, someone is elected as partys official candidate They began tointroducetheir own partys political claims their own political programmes votersgive promises Serve the peoplevotersget more support National Representatives Confe二、打造形象（04年为例） 1. beautify oneself2.try to deglamorize their opponents二、打造形

15、象（04年为例） 1. beautify onesTime: the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November ; Purpose: select electors; Time: the first Tuesday after 5. Inauguration: January in the next year5. Inauguration: January in thUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度课件Factors influencing turnoutSatisfactionQuality of campaigns: l

16、ack of real issues; negative advertisingFrequency and length of electionsFrequent public pollsMuch coverage by the mediaTroublesome registering processFactors influencing turnoutNegative Impact of American presidential electionVery costly and money consuming campaign; 2008 election cost more than 1

17、billion USDNegative Impact of American pIn the fierce competition, a lot of immoral trick has been used; personal attacks and defame are always been used in the campaignNegative Impact of American presidential electionNegative Impact of American pThe existing election system make it difficult for other third party ( except Democratic and Public) to be elected. Negative Impact of American presidential electionNega