历年八级翻译真题分析-课件

1、英语专业八级考试翻译真题解析英语专业八级考试翻译真题解析考试大纲对翻译的要求 翻译项目为主观试题，分两个部分。第一部分Section A Chinese to English，要求考生将文内约150个左右的汉字译成英语。第二部分Section B English to Chinese，要求考生将文内约150个左右的英语译成汉语，高校英语专业八级考试大纲(2019年新版)对汉译英测试提出了两点较新的要求：第一，能运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的文章和一般文学作品。速度为每小时250至300个汉字。第二、译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺、流畅。 考试大纲对翻译的要求 翻译项目为主观试题，分两

2、个部分。第（1）内容上以文学翻译和政论性文章为主（2）在质量的要求上强调忠实和通顺，现在还加上了“流畅”这一较高的标准。 （1）内容上以文学翻译和政论性文章为主TEM8，2019 汉译英试题在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是个交朋友的好机会。在这样的场合陌生人相见如果是亚洲人，他们总是在开口之前先毕恭毕敬的把自己的名片递上，这好象是不可缺少的礼节。然而法国人一般都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空的聊一番也就各自走开。只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时才会主动掏出名片。二话不说，先掏名片反而有些勉强。TEM8，2019 汉译英试题在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会1 汉语理解广交朋友：

3、make friends extensively ?Make a lot of friends“冷餐会”、“酒会”：cold dish party ?buffet reception dinner party“寒暄” ：coldly talk for a while ?exchange of conversational greetings; exchange of amenities or compliments （见面时谈论天气冷暖的应酬话）“海阔天空”：unrestrained and far-ranging“二话不说”：before starting a conversation“投机

4、”：speculativeagreeable“勉强”：reluctantunnatural1 汉语理解广交朋友：make friends extens学生译文：(1)双方见面寒暄几句也就各自走开。They will leave after exchanges of some polite expressions of formulas.(2)甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开。They will leave even after a lot of talking.学生译文：(1)双方见面寒暄几句也就各自走开。(3) 二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。It seems reluctant to off

5、er visiting cards without a word.It seems somewhat unnatural for them to give name cards before getting into conversation.(3) 二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。(4) 他们往往开口之前先必恭必敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方。They usually present their name cards respectfully with both hands before opening their mouths.When strangers meet on such occ

6、asions, an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the conversation.(4) 他们往往开口之前先必恭必敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给（5）只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时才会主动掏出名片。Only when they are speculative in their conversation and hope to keep in touch later on will they give name cards.They will offer cards only

7、 when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship.Have further intercourse（5）只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时才会主动掏出名片。H2 英语表达翻译应该对汉英思维方式差异心中有数，否则很容易受到思维方式的负干扰。我们需要的是TL思维方式的积极引导，排除SL思维方式的消极干扰。如英语名词有数的范畴，汉语没有，因此汉译英时必须对名词的数作出选择。英语中“亚洲人”复数加S，而法国人复数为加 -men，有的同学就译出“Asianman, Asianmen, Frenches”。2

8、 英语表达翻译应该对汉英思维方式差异心中有数，否则很容易受试比较英语中有关民族的词汇（Quirk）Specific reference Generic referencesingularpluralpluralAn AmericanA GermanAn AsianA EuropeanAmericansGermansAsiansEuropeans The AmericanThe GermansThe AsiansThe EuropeansAn EnglishmanA Frenchman EnglishmenFrenchmen The EnglishThe French试比较英语中有关民族的词汇（

9、Quirk）Specific r英语中的可数和不可数“礼节”：an etiquette or etiquette? 这词是不可数的，意思是manners, a set of customs and rules for polite behavior.“冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会”: are good opportunities?英语表达习惯是to give sb. an opportunity of / to In Paris, various cocktail parties and buffet dinners provide an excellent opportunity to make

10、 a lot of friends.英语中的可数和不可数“礼节”：an etiquette or3 文化因素冷餐会：get-togethers at which hosts offer their guests cold food / barbecue (student) ?准确：buffet meal名片：card, name card; business card; visiting card; calling card“ID card”?3 文化因素冷餐会：get-togethers at whi参考译文在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是个交朋友的好机会。在这样的场合陌生人相见如果是亚洲人

11、，他们总是在开口之前先毕恭毕敬的把自己的名片递上，这好象是不可缺少的礼节。 In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet dinners in honor of this or that provide an excellent opportunity to make a lot of friends. When strangers meet on such occasions, an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the conversation,

12、 which seems to be required by etiquette. 参考译文在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是个交朋友的好机会。在然而法国人一般都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空的聊一番也就各自走开。只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时才会主动掏出名片。二话不说，先掏名片反而有些勉强。However, the French usually are not so ready with such a formality that they will excuse themselves after exchanges of a few words of greetings

13、 or even after a rambling chat about everything under the sun. They will offer cards only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship. And it seems somewhat unnatural for them to do so before getting into conversation.然而法国人一般都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔【2019年8级测试汉译英】 大自然对人的恩赐

14、，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深的依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年以来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞、和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。【2019年8级测试汉译英】1 汉英词汇语义对比与翻译“酿酒和饮酒”学生译文：brew wine and drink alcohol; brew spirits and drink wine; brew wine and drink beer正确的处理方法：（1）使用及物动词，但统一宾语，如

15、brew and drink wine(2) 使用不及物动词，如brew and drink1 汉英词汇语义对比与翻译“酿酒和饮酒”“喂牛和挤奶”牛：cattle, bull, cow, calf, bullock, buffalo学生译文：feed bull and milk cow; feed oxen and milk them; feed bulls for milk正确处理方法：（1）使用及物动词 feed cattle and milk cows; feed cows and milk them; feed and milk cows; feed cows for milk(2)

16、使用不及物动词译“挤奶”，feed cattle and milk; feed cows and milk“喂牛和挤奶”牛：cattle, bull, cow, ca“锄草”：grass, straw, weed字面翻译：eradicate/ remove / hoe up / uproot weeds意译：hoe the garden; weed the garden, weed“温馨的家园”：warm and fragrant ?Warm and comfortable, cozy, Hearth and home (good)“锄草”：grass, straw, weed修辞方面：同义反

17、复“锄草和栽花”：weed and garden?Garden: doing work in your garden such as weeding and planting处理：（1）只用动词gardening(2) 与邻近结构取得平行效果，选择weed the garden and plant flowers; weed to plant flowers修辞方面：同义反复“锄草和栽花”：weed and gard“去教堂祈祷和做礼拜”：go to church to pray and worship ?Go to church本身有去教堂做礼拜的意思正确：go to church; go

18、to the church to pray and worship; pray and worship in the church“去教堂祈祷和做礼拜”：2 汉英话语组织法对比与翻译Parallelism和汉语的騈偶结构J. E. Kahn (1985): Parallel constructions, then, come in a great variety of sizes and shapes. These are all subject to an overriding and obvious rule: if elements are presented as parallel,

19、they must be paralleltheir structures must be properly matched.2 汉英话语组织法对比与翻译Parallelism和汉语的騈(1) 文体问题：She is stubborn, selfish, and has a sharp temper.She is stubborn, selfish and quick-tempered.(2) 语法错误：Not only is that a very unfair statement, but also quite untrue.Not only is that a very unfair s

20、tatement, but it is also quite untrue.(1) 文体问题：She is stubborn, self“无论贫富”不平行结构：people, poverty or wealthyPeople, poor or the richPeople, poor or with propertyPeople, poor or of wealth平行结构：people, poor or richPeople, the poor or the rich“无论贫富”不平行结构：people, poverty or“种植庄稼和葡萄”不平行结构：they plant crops a

21、nd grapevines, brewing and drink wineThey plant crops and grapevines, brew wine and drinkingThey plant crops and grapevines, brew, drink , feed cows and milk平行结构：They plant crops and grapevines, brew and drink wine, feed and milk cowsThey plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to

22、milk“种植庄稼和葡萄”不平行结构：they plant cr“到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌”不平行结构：They play the violin, dance and singingThey play the violin, dancing and singThey play the violin, dance and they sing平行结构：They play the violin, dance and sing.They play the violin, dancing and singing“到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌”不平行结构：They play t基本常识类错误：the nature

23、In a same wayGo to the churchPlay violinHuman beingEvery peopleCattlesMilksFolkloresGo to the church to prey基本常识类错误：the nature参考译文 大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深的依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年以来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。The bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor, and therefore all men are strongly attached to

24、 her. This is particularly true in the rural areas, where people have kept the same lifestyle for a millennium or so.参考译文 大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人参考译文种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞、和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, fee

25、d cows to milk, and weed the gardens to grow flowers. They go to church at weekends, and they meet in the square on holidays, singing and dancing. The age-old land remains the same as their family hearth. Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go on.参考译文种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；2

26、019年这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。2019年【概述】 这段文字是一篇赴台访问记的节选，文中夹叙夹议，用

27、词讲究，文笔优美。翻译时有三大难点，一是文中的几个复杂的长句，如第二句长达75字，而且里面包含转折、并列等多种关系。二是我们习以为常的很多说法如“铭刻着印记”，“推到历史前台”等要翻译好也不容易。三是这段文字涉及祖国统一的主题，笔下饱含感情，充满了对祖国统一的期望和对台湾同胞的深厚情意，所以翻译时措辞很关键。 【概述】【参考译文】 When we stayed in Taiwan for an exchange program, despite the tight schedule, we visited many places, meeting old friends and make ne

28、w ones. At every get-together, one important topic was how to make China powerful and prosperous in the 21st century. Though young people on the mainland and in Taiwan live in different social environments and have varied life experiences, their hearts are all imprinted with the fine tradition of th

29、e Chinese culture and they cherish the same ideal of rejuvenating the Chinese nation. 【参考译文】The turn of the century has ushered in a great epoch during which our motherland is becoming stronger and more prosperous day by day. The people on both sides of the Taiwan Straits will strengthen exchanges a

30、nd work together to bring about an earlier reunification of their motherland. The precious opportunities and tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the forefront of history. What attitude should be adopted by the cross-century younger generation to meet the

31、new century of hope? This is a question that demands our answer.The turn of the century has us2019年温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型

32、起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。2019年【概述】 这段文字是对加拿大著名港口城市温哥华的简要介绍，语言清晰流畅，理解起来并不困难，除了“辉煌”、“结晶”等少数词汇外，翻译时在措辞上也不存在太多问题。但是原文少数句子与句子之间、句子内部各成分之间的逻辑关系和语义关系不是很明确，译成汉语时应根据译入语的表达习惯灵活转换。汉语语法呈隐含性(covertness)，英语语法呈外显性(overtness)；汉语重意合，英语重形合，因此英语句子中外在的形式连接手段很多，连词的使用也远远多于汉语，这一点对本文的翻译尤为重要。【概述】【参考

33、译文】 The prosperity of Vancouver, to which many ethnic groups have contributed, is the crystallization of its peoples wisdom and industriousness. Canada, a sparsely populated big country, has a territory larger than that of China, but only a population of less than 30 million. Admitting immigrants ha

34、s therefore become the long-term national policy pursued by Canada. It is safe to say that the Canadians, aside from the Indians, are all immigrants, who differ from each other only in how long they have lived in the country. 【参考译文】Vancouver is one of the few multinational cities in the world. Among

35、 the 1.8 million residents in Vancouver, half were born outside the country, and of every four residents one comes from Asia. The 250 thousand Chinese immigrants have played a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver. Half of them have come to the Vancouver area within the past five

36、 years, turning it into the largest Chinese settlement outside of Asia. Vancouver is one of the few mu【2000年8级测试汉译英】世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性成果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心观察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索

37、科学技术的奥妙。【2000年8级测试汉译英】【概述】 这是一段对中国科技馆的介绍性文字，语言比较朴素，条理清楚，句子结构都比较简单，没有太多费解的地方。尽管如此，翻译起来还是有一定难度。如何断句，如何选词是颇值得考虑的。【概述】【参考译文】The first-generation museums in the world are those of natural history, which, by means of fossils and specimens，introduce the evolution of the Earth and various organisms. The sec

38、ond-generation museums are those of industrial technologies. They demonstrate the fruits of industrialization at various stages. Although they have played a role in disseminating scientific knowledge, museums of the first generations are in fact places where visitors become passive spectators. The t

39、hird-generation museums in the world are those designed with new concepts. In such museums, visitors can operate with their own hands and observe with their own eyes. In this way, they are brought closer to advanced science and technology, and offered more opportunities to explore the mysteries. 【参考

40、译文】【2019年8级测试汉译英】乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。” 【2019年8级测试汉译英】【概述】本文原文相对简单，不会造成理解问题。要注意的是在英文表达时，充分认识到英语

41、词汇的多义性，对词义理解透彻，选用恰当的词汇。另外要注意的一点是语体类别。本文属书面语言，应当尽量选用相应的英文书面词汇和表达方式。在这一点上，译文要比译文得体的多，试比较。【概述】【参考译文1】In his later years (Late in his life), Qiao Yu has become enamored of fishing (developed a penchant / special fondness for fishing). He asserts: “ Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish must neces

42、sarily be blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. I believe that the optimum fishing places are not those commercial fishing centers which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but those naturally-formed plac

43、es in the wilderness which exert a special appeal.”【参考译文1】According to him, fishing can constitute an activity conducive to the cultivation of ones temperament and to ones health, at once physical and psychological. Qiao Yu claims: “Fishing can be divided into three stages. The first stage consists

44、of mere fish-eating; the second a combination of fish-eating and the pleasure (enjoyment) of fishing; the third primarily the pleasure of fishing when, confronted with a pond of clear water, one puts aside all his troubling vexations and annoyances and enjoys the total relaxation both mentally and p

45、hysically.”According to him, fishing can 【参考译文2】Qiao Yu took to fishing in his old age. He said: “Where there is fish and water, there is good environment, and good environment fills ones heart with joy. I think the best place for fishing is not a comfortable man-made fish-pond where hungry fish are

46、 ready for you, but an enchanting place in the wild where everything is natural.” Fishing is a game that can help improve ones temperament. 【参考译文2】It is good for mental and bodily health. Qiao Yu said: “Fishing falls into three stages. The first stage is just for eating fish. The second stage is for

47、 enjoying the pleasure of fishing as well as eating fish. The third stage is mainly for the pleasure of fishing-facing a pool of green water, one casts aside all anxieties and worries and enjoys a good rest, both mental and physical.It is good for mental and bodi【2019年8级测试汉译英】 得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦

48、隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐、堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。【2019年8级测试汉译英】【概述】 本文的理解基本上不构成问题。表达时，要注意恰当的断句、恰当的使用关联词，以及恰当的使用平行结构。比如第一句和第二句是因果关系，应该合二为一。第三句有7个分句，原样照译会造成相当大的困难，容易失误，并且毫无必要，可以按照其内在逻辑和表达需要分为三句来译

49、。同时，在众多同义词、近义词中选择恰当的词汇仍然是一大考察重点，请注意琢磨下面评析要点。 【概述】【概述】本文中有相当多的四字词组，比如“横行霸道、打入冷宫、百花怒放、宾客云集、笑语四溢、大千世界”，其中一部分带有鲜明的中国文化特色，对它们的翻译构成了第一个难点，请参看翻译要点评析。另外，本文由四句构成，可每一句都包含至少四个分层，如何正确的组句构成了第二个难点，请注意对比原文与参考译文，看连接方式。【概述】【参考译文】Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, getting things my way

50、in the family. Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of a garden, I suddenly found myself in disfavor and my wings clipped. One spring evening, with myriads of flowers in full bloom in the garden, my parents held a garden party in honor of many guests, whose arrival at once filled

51、 the place with laughing chats. In the small house on the slope, I quietly lifted the curtain, only to be met by a great and prosperous world with my elder brothers and sisters and my cousins among the guests, all in jubilation. All at once, seized by a fit of forlorn rage, I could not help bursting

52、 into tears.【参考译文】【2019年8级测试汉译英】在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜加蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。【2019年8级测试汉译英】【参考译文】We should not be to

53、o romantic in interpersonal relations. Human beings are interesting in that they tend to see merits in a new acquaintance. This is like dining in a restaurant. You will be not only favorably impressed with the first dish or cold dishes, but also profuse in praise of the first two courses. However, t

54、he more you have, the more sober you become until the dinner ends up with all the flaws exposed. Consequently, your joy would give way to anger; your praises to criticism or even fault-finding; and your nodding in agreement to shaking the head. 【参考译文】What accounts for all this is, in the first place

55、, you are hungry when you start to eat. As the saying goes, “Hunger is the best sauce”, and vice versa. And secondly, unfamiliarity, rather than familiarity, breeds freshness in you when you start to eat in a restaurant new to you, which is the so-called effect of unfamiliarization. What accounts fo

56、r all this is,【2019年8级测试汉译英】 一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。 古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。【2019年8级测试汉译英】 一个人的生命究竟有多大参考译文Accomplished men of all ages treat their lives very

57、 seriously. As long as they are living, they always labor, work, and study as hard as possible, unwilling to spend time in vain, let alone waste even a single moment of their lives.参考译文Accomplished men of all ag【2019年8级测试汉译英】中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷

58、，基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多；因此欲望也小得多。况中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫利哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来，就小巫见大巫了。中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实、比西方人容易满足。【2019年8级测试汉译英】中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高参考译文1:Since ancient times the Chinese nationalities have never considered human beings to be superior to every other species. As is reflected in Chinese philosophy, literature and art, in the natural world human beings occupy a positioning proportion to all other creatures and the former do not absolutely dominate the latter. Therefore, generally speaking, we Chinese fe