考研英语复习资料短语篇

1、文档编码 : CN4D10C7R9A8 HB7P9W2O1I6 ZH8F5A9Y4B72022 年考研英语复习资料（短语篇） 一, 英译汉试题中常见重要短语及典型 more.than 结构在上述 1 2 两句中的用 句型 法也适用于 less . than 结构,得出相反 1. 几个典型例句 的含义： 1 . not so much. as but . 例如： 与其说 仍不如说 1 John is less daring than 2 . not so much that.as but quick-witted. 与其说约翰胆大,不如说他 that. 与其说 仍不如说 脑子灵敏； 3 . no

2、t so muchas. =not even 2 George was less intelligent than 甚至于不 ,连 也不 aggressive. 与其说乔治聪颖过人,不如说 4 . might as well . as. 与 他言行放纵； 其说 仍不如说 2 几个不定代词的固定搭配： 例 1： He is not so much a teacher as a have none of: 不参与；不准；不接受 scholar. I will have none of your stupid ideas. 译文：与其说他是老师, 仍不如说是学者； 我才不接受你那愚蠢的想法！ （留意

3、翻译时动作的对象） He was offered a job but he said he d 例 2：It wasnt so muchhis appearance have none of it. 他有一个工作机会,但他 I liked as his personality. 说他不接受； 译文：与其说我宠爱他的外表,不如说我 none but =nothing but: 只有 =only 宠爱他的品德； None but the brave deserves the fair. 例 3：It s not so much that I don t 只有英雄才配得上美人； want to co

4、me but I just haven t got the She chose none but the best. 她只选最 time. 译文：倒不是由于我不想来,而是我根本 没有时间； 例 4：He didn t so much as say thank 好的； She is nothing but a child. 她只不过 是个孩子； none other than: （表示诧异） 不是别人, you after all we d done for him. 正是 = no one else but 译文：我们为他干了那么多事,他甚至连 It s none other than Tom

5、. We thought 感谢都没有说一声； you were in Africa. 例 5：You might as well throw your money none the +比较级词 + for: 毫不,一点也 into the sea as lend it to him. 不 译文：与其将钱借给他,仍不如把钱丢进 He spent 2 weeks in hospital but hes 大海；（留意翻译时动作的对象） 留意 ：more . than . none the better for it. 他在医院里待了两个星期,但一点也没好 1 she is more beautifu

6、l than her 转； 我 sister. 她比她姐姐美丽； My car is none the worse for wear. 2 George is more intelligent than aggressive. 与其说乔治言行放纵,不如说 他聪颖过人； 的车子一点也没有损耗； none the wiser: 不知情 If we take only one piece of cake, 以上第 1 句是 more. than 结构的一般 mother will be none the wiser. 用法,即在两个不同的事物之间就同一方面 假如我们只拿一小块蛋糕,母亲是不会知 作比

7、较； 而第 2 句是就同一个人的两个不同 道的； 方面作比较；因此要译成“与其说 仍不 none too: 在形容词或副词前 不太；一 如说 ”； 点都不 1 / 35第 1 页,共 35 页The service in this restaurant is none 你说的有些道理,我会接受你的建议 too fast. 这家旅社的服务一点效率都没 have / be something to do with: 与 有； 有关 anything but: 除- 之外什么都（此处 的 but 等于 except ）决不 =not at all I think Guy Fawkes had / w

8、as something to do with a plan to blow up the bridge. I eat anything but except fish. 除 我想盖佛克跟图谋炸毁桥梁有关； 了鱼,我什么都吃； nothing but = none but = only: 仅仅, She is anything but a good cook. 她决 只不过 不是个好厨师； 即：除了好厨师, 她什么都 是； We could see nothing but fog. 除了雾 之外我们什么也看不见； anything of: （疑问句 / 条件句）一点 for nothing:

9、免费的； 白费的； 点；（否定句）一点也（没有） 无缘无故的 Is he anything of a poet. 他有一点点 She got the ticket for nothing. 她免 诗人的样子吗？ 费得到那张票； All our preparation for nothing. No ones even come to the party. I havent seen anything of him lately. 最近我没有见过他； for anything: 否定句 （给什么都）不, 我们为宴会所作的预备都白费了 . 连一个 决不 人都没来； I won t go there

10、 for anything. 我决 They quarreled for nothing. 他们无缘 不去那里； 无故地争执； make nothing of: 常和 can 一起用 不理 解；不重视 , 轻视 = think nothing of I could makenothing of the passage. 我 不懂得这篇文章； or anything: （意味着仍有其他的可能 性） If Bernard wants to call meor anything, I ll be here all day. 假如伯纳德要找我或什么的,我成天都会 He makes / thinks n

11、othing of working 在这儿； 如有任何不同的话 ten hours a day. 他不在乎一天工作十小 if anything: 时； If anything, mynew job is harder than to say nothing of: 更不用说（ = not to my old one. mention / without mentioning ） 要说有什么不同的话,我的新工作反而比 旧工作要难些； Three people were badly hurt, to say nothing of damage to the building. or somethi

12、ng: 或什么的（表示说话者不 三个人受了重伤,建筑物的损害更不用说 了； 能确定） have nothing to do with: 与 无关 She is a stewardess or something. 她 是空姐或什么的； I have nothing to do with the accident. something like: 有点像,大约 我与这场事故无关； An airship is shaped something like a nothing if not: 特别地； 特别地 = very cigar. 飞船的外形有点像雪茄； / much / extremely s

13、omething of a.: 多少有点,有几分像, He was nothing if not clever. = Hewas 略懂 hes something of a book collector. 他有几分像书籍保藏家； very clever. 他特别聪慧； nothing of: 无 的部分；无 的气 质 There was nothing of the lady in her something to / in: Theres somethingI ll take your advice. （表达等）有些道理 to / in what you say; behavior. 她的举

14、止根本没有淑女的气质； 区分： 2 / 35第 2 页,共 35 页all but 几乎,差一点,除 以外其余 译文：他们不必花钱去戏院,电影院或歌 都是 剧院买价格很贵的票,（假如去了,）结果 but for 要不是 but that+ 从句：如不是 例 1：She all but fainted whenshe heard the news. 译文：她听到这一消息时几乎晕倒了； 却可能发觉,所演的节目令人败兴； 例 2: They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled. 译文：他们匆忙忙忙赶到那儿,结果却发 现会议被取消了； 注：此

15、句中 a11 but 意为 nearly ,almost ； 5 not more / -er than 与 no more / -er 试对比： than 结构 All but the little children thought 比较： that the trip was exciting John is not better than Tom. 译文：除了小孩,大家都认为这次旅行是 兴奋人心的； John is no better than Tom. 前一句表示“约翰不比汤姆好”,属于普 此句中 all but 意为 a11 except ； 通的比较结构；后一例用了 no 情形就不同

16、 例 2： But for the rain we should have a pleasant journey. 译文：要不是下雨,我们的旅行原先是愉 了； no better than 相当于 as bad as ,含 义是两人一样坏；这里,“ no + 形容词或副 词比较级 + than ”所表示的可以说是该形 快的； 容词或副词的反意； 例 3： He would have helped us but that 例如： no richer than = as poor as he was short of money at the time. 译文：如不是他那时缺钱,他是会帮忙我 们的

17、； 注 1 but that 引导的从句中谓语用陈述 和 一样穷 no bigger than = as small as 和 一 样小 no later than = as early as 和 一 语气； 2 but that 有灵敏的译法；如： 样早 同样地： Nothing would satisfy that child but that I place her on my lap 那孩子什么都不 I have not taken more than six courses 要,只要我把她抱在怀里； this semester. 3 “名词 +or+ 名词”结构中 or 后的名词 I

18、 have taken no more than six courses是同位语,应译为“即 ；或者称 ” this semester. 例 1： Moreover, technology includes 前一句的含义是本学期选的课不多于六 techniques, or ways to do things, as well 门；后一句的含义是只选了六门；强调 又有 as the machines that may or may not be “少”； necessary to apply them. 上述结构与表示前后都否定的 no 译文：再者,除机器外技术仍包括技艺, more.than

19、= not.any more than 即制作方法,而动用这些技艺并不愿定都需 所不同： 要机器； 例： A whale is no more a fish than a 4 “ only + to do ”意为“ ,结果 却 ”,即表示与句子谓语动作的目的相 horse is. （鲸和马同样不是鱼；） 另外,在某些结构中, 单独使用 more than 反的结果； 也能表示否定概念： 我 例 1: They don t have to pay for 例 1：That is more than I can tell. expensive seats at the theatre, the 简

20、直不能说； cinema or the opera, only to discover, 例 2：My trip to Beijing is more than perhaps, that the show is disappointing. sightseeing. 我去北京不仅仅是旅行观光 而已； 3 / 35第 3 页,共 35 页6 no more.than. = not.any more Human is no less an animal than a monkey than 定 和 样都不 表示前后都否 is. 人和猴都是动物； 而 no less than 的意思为：“简直是,

21、 例 1： The heart is no more intelligent 实在是”,例如： than the stomach, for they are both 1 It is no less than blackmail to ask controlled by the brain. 心脏和胃一样都 such a high price. 如此索要高价,简直是 无智力可言,由于它们都是由大脑把握的； 例 2： There is no reason they should 敲诈； 2 It is no less than a scandal. 这实 limit how muchvitami

22、n you take, any more 在是一件丑闻； 7 not nearly =by no means, far from than they can limit how much water you drink 译文：他们没有理由限制你服用多少维他 命,就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样； 远不 例 1: The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means 例 3： More and more Afro-Americans see him as a tricky enemywhohas no

23、more love for them than he has for the Congolese 译文：越来越多的美国黑人熟识到他是个 that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. 译文：食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长, 这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正 阴谋多端的敌人；他仇视美国黑人,正像他 面临危机； 注： 1 this 是指上面提到的“到 21 世纪 初世界人口将增加到 60 亿或 70 亿”；2 又 如： There are not nearly enough pe

24、ople 仇视刚果人民一样； 直译： , 他不爱美国 黑人,正像他不爱刚果人一样； 注释： not.any more than 是 no more.than 的一种强调形式； here to do the job 承担这项工作； 这里的人手远远不够 例如： 1 Jack is no more intelligent than 8 “更不用说”的表示法： John. =Jack is not intelligent any more much less still less 以上两短语引导的词组或从句,表示一种 than John. 杰克与约翰一样都不聪慧； 2 A mancan no more

25、 fly than a bird can 追加的否定, less 是由 little 的比较级, speak. =A man cannot fly any more than a bird can speak. 人不会翱翔,就像鸟不 会说话一样； 所以这两个词组只能用于否定句中,可译为 “更不用说,更不必说”； to say nothing of 3 As a nation, the French areno more not to speak of not to mention let alone 这四个词组也意为 “更不用说”,也是一 种追补的说法； 但它们与 muchless 和 sti

26、ll less 有所不同； 这些词组可以随前一句的意 eager to 1earn about their wartime failings than are the Japanese. =As a nation ,the French are not eager to learn about their wartime failings any more than are the Japanese. 作为一个国家,法国正如日本一样不积极 地从他们的战争失败中吸取教训； 上述例句说明, no more.than 并不表示 比较,而是表示比如,含有比如意义的比较 级用于否定时, than 后面的

27、从句不用否定 式,但译成汉语时要用否定式；而与上述句 思而定,即前一句是确定,就追加的也是肯 定意义；假如前一句是否定,就追加的是否 定意义 例 1：I could not agree to, much less participate in such proceedings. 译文：我不能同意这种行为,更谈不上参 型意义相反的是： no less.than ,意为： 加这些行动了； “和 同样是 ”；例如： 4 / 35第 4 页,共 35 页例 2： He knows little of mathematics, 短语也可以引导追加的确定；例如： There and still less

28、of chemistry were five people in the car, let alone the 译文：他几乎不懂数学, 更不用说化学了； luggage and the two dogs. 9 nothing else than 完全是,实在是 例 3： I did not even see him, still less = much less shake hands with him. 例 1: Whatthe mansaid was nothing else 译文：我看也没有观看过他,哪里仍谈得 上同他握手呢 . 例 4： In old China, here was h

29、ardly any machine-building industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry. than nonsense.译文：那人讲的话完全是 一派胡言； 例 2: Your success was due to nothing else than your own diligence. 译文：你的胜利完全是由于你自己的勤奋； 译文：在旧中国,几乎没有什么机器制造 10 It is not that.but that. 这不 工业,更不用说电子工业了； 是说 ,而是说 例 5： Sally takes singing and d

30、ancing lessons, to say nothing of swimming and tennis lessons. 译文：莎莉学了唱歌和舞蹈课,而且仍学 了游泳和网球课； 例 6：At that time they could not afford the ordinary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries. 译文：那时他连一般生活都不能疼惜,更 不要说铺张品了； 例 7： They have three fine sons, not to speak of their two 1ovely daughters. 例 1: It i

31、s not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former. 译文：这并不是说在一种情形下所使用的 磅秤和另一种情形下所用的天平在构造原理 上或工作方式上存在差

32、别,而是说与前者相 比,后者是一种更精密得多的装置,因而在 计量上必定更加精确； 译文：他们有了三个好儿子,而且仍有两 11 can not.too. 再 也不过分 个可爱的女儿； 例 1: Wecannot be too careful of health. 例 8：I dont knowalgebra or geometry, 我们无论如何留意健康也不为过； whenyou 例 2: Youcannot be too careful not to mention calculus 译文：我连代数,几何都不懂,更不必说 微积分了； 例 9： A11 they have to do is pr

33、ess a button ,and they can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. 译文：他们所要做的只是按一下电钮,就 能看到各种戏剧,电影,歌剧和各式各样的 演出,而且仍能看到各种政治辩论和最近举 行的兴奋人心的足球赛； 例 10：I can t add two and two, let alone do fractions. 译文：我连 2 加 2 都不会,更不要说做

34、分 drive a car. 你开车时再当心也不过分； 例 3: We cannot be too faithful to our duties. 我们必需尽力忠于职守； 12 other.than. 或 other than. 不同于,非；除了 例 l: Plants which refine crude ores are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are mined. 译文：提炼矿石的厂房通常不是设在采矿 石的国家而设在其它国家； 例 2: Reactions other than

35、 the desired one often occur when reactants are brought together. 译文：当这些反应物放在一起时,常发生 数题了； 只能 不期望有的一些反应； 即： 常发生与期望 留意：美国成语词典认为 let alone 有的反应不同的反应； 用于追加的否定；但是,有的词典认为,该 5 / 35第 5 页,共 35 页例 3: All parts of the house other than the windows were in good condition. 译文：除了窗之外,屋子的其它部分都完 例： It is common knowl

36、edge now that Chinese people are very intelligent. 译文：众所周知,中国人和很聪慧； 好无损； 不定式或定语 17 It occurs to sb. that 某人 想 13 . the last + n. + 起 从句：意为“ 最不行能的 ” 例 1: It occurred to me suddenly that 例 1: She would be the last person to go along with the scheme. 译文：她可能会是最不同意这项方案的人； I had met him somewhere.译文：我突然 想

37、起在什么地方见过他； 例 2: It occurred to me that she was 例 2: That s the last thing I d jealous of me. 译文：我突然发觉她嫉妒我； expect you to do. 译文：那是我最不期望你做的事情； 14 It is asserted that 有人断言 二, 词组 1. accessto 不行数名词 能接近 , 进入 , It is believed that 据认为, 明白 2. of one s own accord=without being 人们信任 It is considered that 有人认

38、为 It is reported that 据报道 asked; willingly; freely 自愿地 , 主动地 It is said that 据说 It is supposed that 据估量 It is told that 据传 看来似It appears that 乎,似乎 It is well knownthat 众所周知 It is estimated that 据估量 It waspointed out that 有人指出 It is generally accepted that 人 3. in accord with 与 一样 . out of ones accor

39、d with 同 . 不一样 4. in accordance with =in agreement with 依照 , 依据 5. on one s own account a 为了某人的缘故 , 为了某人自己的利益 们通常认为,一般认为,大家 b =at one s own risk 自行负责 公认 It is alleged that 人们断言 that 有人主见, It is claimed 人们要求 It cannot be denied that 不行否 认 It has been found that 实践证明 It is predicted that 据估量, 据估计 It i

40、s suggested that 有人建议 15 It goes without saying that 不 言而喻, 例：It goes without saying that in order to speak good English, we must first of all learn good pronunciation. 译文：不言而喻,为了讲好英语,第一必 c =by oneself 依靠自己 6. take into account=consider 把 . 考虑进去 7. account for =give an explanation or reason for 说明 ,

41、 说明 . 8. accuse of =charge with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about 指控 , 控告 9. act on 奉行 , 依据 行动 ; act as 扮演 ; act for 代理 10. adapt oneself to=adjust oneself to 须学好发音； 众 使自己适应于 16 It is common knowledge that 11. adhere to =abide by, conform to, 所周知, comply 6 / 35第 6 页,共 35 页with

42、, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, 26. apologize to sb. for sth. 为 向 赔礼 opinion, belief 粘附; 坚持 , 遵循 27. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人 呼吁 . appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力 12. adjust.to =change slightly 调剂 ; 28. approve of =consent to, be in favor 适应 ; 13. in advance before 先. in time 预报, 事 of, favor,

43、 agree to, consider good 赞 成, 14. to advantage 有利的 , 使优点更加突出 29. arise from=be caused by 由 引起 . 地. 15. take advantage of =make the best of, 30. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安 排 做 utilize, make use of, profit from, harness 利用 . 31. be ashamedof =feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done 以 为

44、耻辱 16. agree with 赞同 某人看法 agree to 32. assure sb. of sth. =try to cause to 同意 在 之前 , 超过 ; ahead of believe 17. ahead of or trust in sth. 向 保证 , 使 确信 . time 提前 . 18. in the air a 不愿定 , 不具体 . b 在谣 传中 . 19. allow for =take into consideration, take into account 考虑到 , 估量到 . 33. attachto =to fix, fasten;

45、join 缚, 系 , 结 34. make an attempt at doing sth. to do sth. 试图做 35. a ttend to =give one s attention, 20. in all =counting everyone or care and thought 留意 , 照管; everything, altogether 总共 , 总计 36. attribute to =to believe sth. to 21. after 点也不 ; all 到底 , 到底; not at all 一 be the result of 把 . 归因于 ., 认为

46、是 . 的结果 37. on the average =on average, on an average 平均 all allat once=suddenly 突然; once and for 只此一次 ; above all 最重要的 ; first of all 第一 ; all in all 大体上说 ; be all in 累极了 ; all but 几乎 . 22. amount to =to be equal to 总计, 等 于. 23. answer for undertake responsibility 38. be aware of =be conscious of ,

47、 having knowledge 意识到 , 知道 . 39. at one s back=supporting or favoring sb. 支持 , 疼惜 ; have sb. at ones back 有 支持 , 有 作后台 for, be 40. turn one s back on sb. =turn away liable for, take charge for 对 负责 . from sb in an impolite way 不理睬 , 背弃 , 24. answer to =conform to 适合 , 符合 . 抛弃 25. be anxious about 为

48、着急担忧 ; 或 41. be based on / upon 基于 anxious for 42. on the basis of 依据 , 在 基础上 7 / 35第 7 页,共 35 页43. on behalf of =as the representative of 以 名义 想法写下来 ; commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会争论 44. blame sb. for sth. 因 批判某人 . 61. keep company with =be friendly and blame sth. on sb. 把 推在某人身上 go out t

49、ogether 和 要好 . 62. compare with 把 与 比较 45. boast of or about 吹嘘 63. by comparison 比较起来 46. out of breath 喘不过气来 64. compensate for =give sth. to makeup 47. in brief=in as few words as possible for 补偿 , 赔偿 , 补偿 compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿 , 补偿 简言之 48. in bulk 成批地 , 不散装的 49. take the floor 起立发言 50. but

50、for =without 要不是 . 表示假设 51. be accustomed to =be in the habit of, be used to 习惯于 . 52. be acquainted with=to have knowledge of 明白 ; =to have met socially 熟识 53. in case of =in the event of 假如发 生 万一 in the case of 至于 , 就 而 言 54. be cautious of 谨防 55. center one s attention on=focus ones 65. complain

51、of or about 埋怨 ; 诉苦; 控 告;complain about 埋怨某人或事情 ; complain to sb. about sth. or sb. 向 某人埋怨 ; complain 埋怨 ; complement 补充; compliment 恭维 66. comply with =act in accordance with ademand, order, rule etc. 遵守 , 依从 67. conceive of think of, imagine, consider 想象, 设想 68. concentrate on or upon 集中 , 用心 69.

52、be concerned with =about 与 有关 70. on condition that =if 以 为条件 , 假如 . in that = because 由于 ; nowthat = since 既然 for all that = although 尽管 attention on 把某人的留意力集中在 上 71. in / out of condition =thoroughly 56. by chance=accidentally, by accident healthy or fit / not fit 不好 . in good bad condition健康状况好 /

53、 处于良好 偶然 坏 状态 57. charge sb. with 控告某人犯有 58. take charge of =to be or become responsible for 负责治理 照管 59. round the clock=all day and all night, usually without stopping 昼夜不 停地 60. commit oneself to 使自己承担 commit sb. to prison 把某人送进监狱 ; commit one s idea to writing 把某人的 72. confessto=admit a fault, cr

54、ime, or sth. wrong 承认 , 供认 ; 73. confide in =to talk freely to sb. about ones secret 对 讲真心话 , 依靠 74. confidence in sb. / sth. 对 的信任 75. confine to 把 限制在某范畴内 76. confirm sb. in 使某人更坚决 信念等 8 / 35第 8 页,共 35 页77. conform to =be in agreement with, comply with 符合 , 遵照 , 遵守;aobey 听从 ; b observe; ccomply wi

55、th 照 办 ; dkeep to 遵循 ; eabide by 听从 ; fstick to 按. 做 78. be confronted with=be brought face 94. convince sb. of =cause sb. to believe or feel certain; to persuade sb. 使某人确信 ,try to persuade sb. to do sth. 劝告某人做 95. cope with=deal with, try to find a solution to 应对 , 处理 to 96. in the cornerof 在角落里 ;o

56、nat the face with 面对 , 面临 comer of a street 在街道拐弯处 ;round the 79. congratulate sb. on 庆贺 comer 拐过弯 ; be in a tight corner 陷入 困境 97. correspond with =exchange 80. in connection with=with regard to 关于 , letters regularly 通信 81. be conscious of=be aware of 觉察 , 98. correspond to 相当于 correspond with 知道

57、82. consent to=give agreement to permission 同意 符合 , 一样 99. at all costs 不惜任何代价 . at the cost of 以 为代价 83. in consequence =as a result 结果 100. a matter of course 理所当然的事 84. under consideration 在考虑中 101. a passion for 对 的宠爱 , 热忱 85. consist of=be composed of 由 组成 102. be patient with 对 耐心 的. consist i

58、n 主要在于 . consist with 符合 , 与 一样 103. pay for 赔偿, 付款, 报偿, 惩戒 86. consult sb. on/ about sth. 向 征 104. be at peace with 与 和谐相处 in 求 方面的看法 , 就 向 请教 peace =peacefully 寂静 , 平安 87. to one s heart s content 纵情地 , 105. peculiar to 特有的 , 独具的 痛爽快快 88. be content with=be satisfied with 中意于 be content to do sth.

59、 情愿做某事 152. contrary to =in opposition to 与 相反 106. penalty for 对 的惩戒 , 罚金 107. persist in 坚持, 顽固 108. in person 亲自 , 当面 109. in place in right or proper place 89. on the contrary 相反 放在应放的地方 90. in contrast to/with 和 形成对比 by 110. in place of =instead of 代替 contrast 对比之下 111. takea pleasure in 宠爱做某事

60、112. be on the point of doing sth. =be 91. contribute to 有助于 about to do sth. 刚要去做 92. under control 被 把握住 out of control 无法把握 113. beside the point 不切正题 , 无关紧要 114. come to the point 谈主要问题 93. at one s convenience=where and when it suits one 在便利的时间或地点 . be convenient to / for 对 便利 9 / 35第 9 页,共 35