统考版2022届高考英语一轮复习必修5Unit13People课时提能练含解析北师大版

1、课时提能练（二十五）必修 5Unit 13People（A）I .阅读理解A（2021 南昌市一模）The remains of an ancient ape （猿）found in a Bavarian clay site recently caught people，s eye.According to scientists, they may renew people，s opinion on when humans ancestors began standing upright.An international team of researchers said the fossili

2、zed skeleton of a male ape that lived in the humid forests of what is now southern Germany bore a striking resemblance （相彳以之处）to modern human bones. In a paper published by the journal Nature, they concluded that the previously unknown species 一 named Danuvius guggenmosi 一 could walk on two legs but

3、 also climb like an ape.The findings uraise fundamental questions about our previous understanding of the evolution of the great apes and humans, said Madelaine Boehme, who led the research.The question of when apes could walk on two legs has fascinated scientists since Charles Darwin first argued t

4、hat they were the ancestors of humans. Previous fossil records of apes with an upright move 一 found in Crete and Kenya 一 dated only as far back as 6 million years. These apes are called Toumai.Boehme, along with researchers from Bulgaria, Canada and the United States, examined more than 15, 000 bone

5、s recovered from the archaeological remains. Among the remains they were able to piece together primate （灵长目动物）fossils belonging to four individuals that lived 11. 62 million years ago. The most complete, an adult male, likely stood about 1 meter tall, weighed 31 kilograms and looked similar to mode

6、rn-day bonobos, a species of the chimpanzee.Like humans, Danuvius had an S-shaped backbone to hold its body upright while standing.Unlike humans, though, it had a powerful big toe that would have allowed it to grab branches with its foot easily.Fred Spoor, a paleontologist at the Natural History Mus

7、eum in London, called the fossil finds “fantastic“ but said they would likely be denied or suspected by others, not least because they could challenge many existing ideas about evolution.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了科学家新发现的古猿遗骨的相关情况，并指出这可能会 刷新人们关于何时人类的祖先开始直立的观点。1. Where did the scientists find the bones? locust （蝗虫

8、）outbreak in decades. Climate events have accelerated the breeding of the pest across the region, and with a sudden rise in the locust population expected in coming weeks, urgent actions and funds are needed to prevent a human crisis.Twenty million people in six of the eight East African countries m

9、ost affected by an ongoing desert locust outbreak are at risk of serious food insecurity. Considered among the most destructive of moving pests, an adult locust can consume 2g of plants per day, affecting crops and grasslands.A group typically holds 20 to 150 million locusts per square kilometer and

10、 can move hundreds of kilometers per day, invading areas covering millions of square kilometers. An active group, therefore, can destroy crops and grasslands within a very short period of time.That global warming could increase the risk of the desert locust crisis was proposed over ten years ago, an

11、d in February, the UN Secretary-General Antdnio Guterres stated that the current outbreak is linked to the effects of climate changewarmer seas mean more cyclones （旋风）generating the perfect breeding ground for locusts. The outbreak has its origins in 2021, when a series of cyclones in the Arabian Pe

12、ninsula（阿 拉伯半岛）enabled the warm and wet conditions the desert locust requires for breeding in remote regions. Though our focus here is migration west, dreadful outbreaks of the desert locust have been experienced to the east.The situation is going out of control. A rescue operation and financial sup

13、port need no delay.The Food and Agriculture Organization （FAO） has put an immediate price tag of US $138 million for rapid response and immediate action一controlling the spread of the desert locust and safeguarding livelihoods. They say the maths is clear： about half the funding is needed for supervi

14、sion, ground and sky control, and uniting efforts； the other half is needed for livelihoods and food security of farmers. They have called on the international community to act now through funding. However, by the end of February, just US $69 million had been promised.This most alarming crisis has d

15、eveloped and is worsening in East Africa. The funds needed to control the situation become very difficult to achieve and the gap is a big concern.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了东非蝗灾的抗灾资金严重短缺的情况及蝗灾的其他相关情况。Why does the crisis happen in East Africa?There is a big population there.There are large deserts and grasslands.A

16、frica lies to west of the Arabian Peninsula.Climate good for breeding plays a role.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Climate events have accelerated the breeding of the pest across the region, and with a sudden rise in the locust population expected in coming weeks”及第三段中的 “the UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres st

17、ated that the current outbreak is linked to the effects of climate changewarmer seas mean more cyclones（旋风）generating the perfect breeding ground for locusts” 可知， 有利 于蝗虫繁殖的气候发挥了作用。应选D。Why does the writer list those figures in Para. 2?To warn of the terrible damage caused by locusts.To help us unders

18、tand how locusts live.To show how many locusts there are now.To draw a picture of present Africa.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中列举的数据可以看出，东非蝗灾影响的国家多、人数多 及蝗灾的危害大。由此可推知，作者列举那些数据的目的是告知蝗虫造成的严重破坏。应选A。What can we know from the text?The crisis is not noticed until recently.More money is needed to prevent the crisis.The cri

19、sis has been the focus of the world.Locusts are all from the Arabian Peninsula.B 细节理解题。根据第五段中的 The Food and Agriculture Organization （FAO） has put an immediate price tag of US $138 million“ uHowever, by the end of February, just US $69 million had been promised并结合最后一段的内容可知，抗击蝗灾需要很多 资金，然而，资金缺口却非常大。应选

20、B。Which is the best title for the text?Killing locusts before too lateGlobal warming, a world problemThe funding gap for the locust crisisAfrica, a crisis-stricken placeC 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了东非蝗灾的抗灾资金严重短缺的情况 以及导致蝗灾爆发的因素和其带来的严重后果。故c项最适合作本文标题。H.阅读七选五（2021 陕西省百校联盟一模）People have always wanted to know wh

21、at the future will look like. Then, how can we? 12 No. In addition, generally speaking, the inventionsfor the last 150 years have been a human effort for freedom and communication, to be able to get in control of the time and world. Since there is still much to do in this area, this will be the focu

22、s at least for the next 150 years.3So, even if a great invention is there for an affordable price, it 11 never take the place of the common experience if it is not real.What well see in the next 50 years is the transition（过渡）from an oil-dependent society to a new society. Here there，11 be new medici

23、ne, continued exploration of space, challenges in the climate change, and new inventions that make life a little easier.Will this change in the next 150 years?So what will the future look like then?Predicting the future can help us in many ways.Well, to understand the future, you must know the past.

24、However, you，11 never get the feeling of being there.However, no matter how real the experience will feel, it doesn，t happen for real.Then we need to know what decisions we need to make today that will give the best result in the future.【语篇解读】 人们总想知道未来会是什么样子的，其实要想展望未来，必须了解过去。 不管世界如何变化，人们的根本需求如食物、睡眠、

25、被欣赏和爱的感觉等不会改变，未来的 虚拟世界也不会代替真实的世界。但是可以预知，未来五十年里，世界将从依靠石油的社会 过渡到新的社会，人们的生活会更好。D 根据空处下文可知，在过去的150年里，世界发生了巨大的变化；结合空前一句 可推知，空处承上启下，说明我们想要展望未来，就要了解过去，故D项符合语境。A 根据空前一句可知，在过去的150年里，人们的根本需求如食物、睡眠、被欣赏 和爱的感觉没有变化，结合空后的“Nd可知，空处应是一个疑问句，并与空前一句讲人的 根本需求相照应，故A项与此处匹配。G 根据该段第二句可知，该段主要讲的是预知未来的两个原因，空前一句讲的是第 一个原因，即需要思考自己想

26、要的并传递给下一代的未来是什么样的；据此可知，空处陈述 第二个原因，即需要知道做出怎样的决定才能给未来带来最好的结果，故G项正确。其中G 项中的“Then we need to与空前一句中的“First, we need to相照应。F 根据空后一句可知，即使一项重大创造的价格我们可以承受，但是虚拟体验绝不 会代替真实体验，结合空处上文可推知，F项符合语境，衔接上下文。B 根据空处下文可知，该段介绍了对未来五十年的展望：从依靠石油的社会过渡到 新的社会；未来的生活更好。故B项与此处匹配。in .语法填空(be) known for their special taste and exquisi

27、teness(精致).Here are several traditional Chinese foods.Noodles are a symbol of long life in Chinese culture. They are as much a part as 2.birthday cake with its candles 3. (light) in western countries. Since noodles mean long life, it is considered very 4. (lucky) to cut them off.In China, a whole fi

28、sh 5. (symbol) wealth. At a party, it is a tradition to serve the whole fish. The fish also has a special meaning because the Chinese word for the fish yu sounds like the word for wealth. So 6.is believed that eating fish will help your wishes come true in the year to come.Another popular dish is zo

29、ngzi, 7. is served during the Dragon Boat Festival. This tasty dish 8.(make) of sticky rice with meat, peanuts or other delicious food in bamboo 9. (leaf). The tradition of eating zongzi is meant to remind us 10.a great Chinese poet, Qu Yuan.【语篇解读】该文简单介绍了三种中国传统食物一一面条、整鱼和粽子。are 考查时态和主谓一致。“with a long

30、 history前后都有逗号，可以理解为 插入语，不影响句子的主体结构，该句的主语是“Chinese foods,且此处是客观性的描述, 故谓语用复数形式，时态用一般现在时，所以填are。a 考查冠词。cake是可数名词，第一次在文中出现，而且没有用复数形式，又根 据语境可知，此处应用不定冠词修饰；又因为birthday的发音以辅音音素开头，所以填a。lit/lighted 考查with复合结构。此处为“with +名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词 /介词短语/名词结构，在句子中作状语。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处和“its candles”存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用light的过去分词形式

31、lit或lightedo unlucky 考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示“因为面条意味着长寿，所以将它 们切断被认为是非常不吉利的，所以填形容词unlucky。symbolizes 考查词形转换。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，和句子 的主语“a whole fish构成主谓关系，且此处表示一种客观情况，故用一般现在时的单数 形式，所以填symbolizeso it 考查固定用法。it is believed that.据信是固定用法，it作形式主语， that引导的从句是真正的主语，所以此处应填代词it。which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰表

32、示 物的先行词zo/7gzf,引导词在从句中作主语，所以填which。is made 考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示“由构成，应用 be made of.表示，又句子的主语为“This tasty dish，且此处是客观性的描述，故应 用一般现在时的单数形式，所以填is madeo leaves 考查名词的单复数。leaf是可数名词，没有被冠词修饰，且此处表示“竹 叶，表示复数概念，故用其复数形式，所以填leaves。of 考查介词。remind sb. of sb. “使某人想起某人”是固定用法，所以此处填介 词 Of O IV.短文改错（2021 湖北八校第一次联考）As i

33、t is known to all, the Great Wall is the most famous places of interest in China. Everybody wants to go there, but I am no exception. Then, this summer vacation, the day I have been looking forward to coming at last.I got up very early that day and set off with my brother Tim followed behind. After

34、two hours， bus ride, we arrived at which looked like the large market, where there were millions of people talking, pushing and photographing. Looking at that, my enthusiasm immediate disappeared. Indeed, the Great Wal1 is really something must be experienced with a little ease and privacy.答案placesA

35、s 过 is known to all, the Great Wall is the most famous -: of interest inplacethis summer vacation,butthis summer vacation,China. Everybody wants to go there, ; I am no exception. Then, andhavethe day I -r been looking forward to hadcomingcamehavethe day I -r been looking forward to hadcomingcameat l

36、ast. I got up very early that dayand set off with my brother Timfoilowedfollowingbehind. After two hours，and set off with my brother Timfoilowedfollowingbehind. After two hours，bus ridewe arrivedwhichtheat whichtheat -; looked like large market,whatawhere there were millions of people talking,pushin

37、g and photographing. Looking at that,my enthusiasmimmediateimmediatelydisappeared. Indeed,the Great Wall is really somethingAthatmust be experienced withpushing and photographing. Looking at that,my enthusiasmimmediateimmediatelydisappeared. Indeed,the Great Wall is really somethingAthatmust be expe

38、rienced witha little ease and privacy.A. Germany.B. Bulgaria.C. Kenya.D. Brazil.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的the fossilized skeleton of a male ape that lived in the humid forests of what is now southern Germany”可知，科学家在德国发现了古 猿遗骨，应选A。What can we infer about Danuvius?It could make S-shaped tools.It was a species of

39、the chimpanzee.It lived in Crete and Kenya.It existed much earlier than Toumai.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 uPrevious fossil records of apes with an upright move一found in Crete and Kenya一dated only as far back as 6 million years. These apes are called Toumai” 和第五段中的 uAmong the remains they were able to piece tog

40、ether primate （灵长目动物）fossils belonging to four individuals that lived 11. 62 million years ago”可推知，Danuvius生活的时期比Toumai早得多,应选D。How does Spoor feel about the finding?It offers further support for the theory of evolution.It may cause much debate.It is a fantastic finding.It denies the previous ideas.B

41、 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 uthey would likely be denied or suspected by others可推知，Spoor认为这项发现可能会引起很多争议，应选B。Which of the following would be the best title for the text?The Secrets Revealed from FossilsLegend of Humans AncestorsFindings Against the Theory of EvolutionThe Oldest Example of Upright Ape Found in a

42、Bavarian Clay SiteD 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一项考古发现，通读全文内容可知，第一段概括了全 文的主要内容，由此可知，D项最适合作本篇文章的标题。B（2021 长春市普通高中质量监测二）An argument is an exchange of views between people who do not agree with each other. Some arguments turn into angry quarrels. Suppose, a friend borrowed your car and left it full of fast food rubbi

43、sh. What if you dealt with the situation this way：YOU: Why did you leave all that trash in my car? Its an absolute mess, and Im tired of you always being so inconsiderate.FRIEND: Look who, s talking. You，re such a slob （遛遢鬼）that I didn，t think you，d notice.How did a minor incident turn into such an

44、unpleasant exchange? You were angry and feeling as though your kindness was being abused.So instead of talking with your friend, you yelled at him. Why did you“ was a challenge. That* s why your friend immediately went on the defensive and yelled back.Now the argument is over. In fact, you don，t fee

45、l satisfied with the fact that you，ve told him off! In the heat of the moment, he said something that hurts your feelings.And perhaps you didnt really mean what you said. How can you avoid such situations? Learn to argue in a better way. Try something like this：YOU: I dont like it when you leave tra

46、sh in my car. It makes me feel like you don，t respect me.FRIEND: Youre right. It was very inconsiderate. I won，t do it again.Before speaking, take a deep breath and get control of your anger. The words you use will let your friend know specifically what is bothering you and most importantly, treat h

47、im with respect. So he will respond in the same way.Also notice that begin the argument with the pronoun I” . An argument beginning with “You did. ,z is generally a challenge. What usually follows is criticism or an insult. And it goes downhill fast from there.Using 1 in arguments won，t eliminate al

48、l disagreements, but it can certainly cut down on the yelling.【语篇解读】本文以一个例子为主线，介绍了在争论中应学会使用代词“我。这虽不能消除所有的分歧，但它确实可以减少争吵，使交流更顺畅。How may you feel after an unpleasant argument with your friend?Dissatisfied and regretful.Still wanting to argue.Satisfied with the yell.Challenged by the argument.A 推理判断题。根据

49、第五段中的 “you dont feel satisfied And perhaps you didnt really mean what you said可推知，在与朋友发生不愉快的争论后，你可能会不 快乐并懊悔。应选A。Which can probably replace the underlined phrase “In the heat of the moment” ?When it was hot outside.When the talk became exciting.When the argument got emotional.When your friend was war

50、mer than ever.C 推理判断题。根据画线局部后的 “he said something that hurts your feelings 可知，他说了一些伤害你感情的话。并结合语境可推知，画线短语的含义与C项“当争论变 得情绪化时意思相符。应选C。Which sentence might be used in an 1 argument?You are making me feel bad.Whats the matter with you?What on earth are you telling me?It makes me feel bad when hearing that

51、.D 推理判断题。根据第六段中的It makes me feel like you don，t respect me 以及最后两段的内容可知，D项符合题意。What is the text mainly about?Winning arguments with other people.Making sure that people do what you want.Using the I method to communicate better.Avoiding having disagreement with friends.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，最后一段“Using I in a

52、rguments. . . cut down on the yelling”为全文的中心句，并结合文章其他内容可知，本文通过一个例子介绍了在争论 中使用代词“我会使交流更顺畅。应选C。H.完形填空（2021 湖北省局部重点中学第一次联考）I just took part in my first Mid-Autumn Festival celebration in China. a week after arriving for my graduate studies, I was kind of homesick一memories of past 2 back in Kenya with my

53、 family and friends appearing in my mind. On the morning of Friday, September 13th, the 3 on the campus was very cheerful. Chinese students explained to us the importance of the day as gifts of mooncakes were 4 .Then came the night. The full moon hung 5 in the sky as if it were about to fall. Millio

54、ns of eyes looked at it with 6. Unlike previous nights, a cool breeze swept through the campus. With African music playing on my headphones, I danced in my way, in the wind, and forgetting myself for a moment.As I 8 to my room, I was fascinated by the festivaV s idea. My 9 mindpushed me online where

55、 I came across the poem “Prelude to Water Melody （?水调歌 头？），by the well-known Chinese writer Su Dongpo. This poem concisely seized what I was 10. The message and the tone both resonated（弓|起共鸣）with my feelings. Suwondered what time it was in the sky while writing the poem. 11 the time differences betw

56、een China and Kenya, I was constantly trying to 12 what time it was back at home.Finally, Su asked his family to join him in 13 the timeless perfection of a full moon in a 14 night. What a good way to finish! I, too, was hoping that all was well with my family. Despite the distance and 15 that comes

57、 with not seeing or hearing from a loved one, we were all flourishing（健康幸福）when admiring the 16 moon.And while we may go away from home, as happens from time to time； the family remains the most important 17 to our existence. As the Chinese used the holiday to 18with the loved ones, the Kenyan commu

58、nity also got together, shared a meal and walked on the streets under the neon lights.As I wrote this, a day after the Festival, I couldn，t help but look forward to the next. Thank my Chinese friends, whose 19 made me and a crowd of other foreign students experience an 20 Mid-Autumn Festival.【语篇解读】

59、“我是一位来自肯尼亚的留学生，在刚来中国的时候，“我有些想 家，但恰逢中国的中秋节，“我和中国朋友一起过了一个难忘的中秋节；回到房间后，“我 在网上看到了苏东坡的词，体会到其所传递的情感之后，“我的思乡之情变成了对家人的 美好祝福。A. ProperlyB. TypicallyC. ExactlyD. SimilarlyC 根据下文中的I was kind of homesick”可推知，“我应该刚到中国上学不久。 由此可知，此处表示“我来中国正好一周的时间。应选C。A. collectionsB. experiencesC. hobbiesD. expectationsB 根据本句中的“ho

60、mesick”及memories可知，我思念在肯尼亚和家人、朋 友在一起的那些经历。应选B。A. atmosphereB. sceneryC. architectureD. traditionA 根据本句中的“cheerful”以及文章所提到的中秋节这个背景可知，当时因为是中 秋节，所以校园里的气氛非常令人愉快。应选A。A. missedB. surroundedC. recoveredD. exchangedD 根据中秋节这一背景，以及句中的“gifts”可知，在中秋节那天，人们把月饼作为 礼物交换。应选D。A. unstablyB. proudlyC. constantlyD. perma