新视野大学英语4期末考试范围

1、本资料为新视线大学英语4Unit1-Unit5SectionA课后练习依据老师的出题范围有所删减Unit1Asthegenderbarriers(crumbled)，thenumberofwomenworkingaslawyers，doctors,orbankersbegantoincreasesignificantlyfromthemid20thcentury。Withthedatacollectedeachyear,theowneroftheshopcan(discern)customertrendsandhowthingslikeweatherandeconomicindicatorsa

2、ffectsalesperformance.3。Hissupervisorpushesandmotivateshiminsuchapositivemannerthatheisnotonlyabletoreachbutto（surpass)hispersonalgoals.4。Heisamanwitha（n)（shrewd）businesssense。Hehasbuilthisinitialinvestmentintoasubstantialandevenexcessivelylargefortune。5。The（conversion）ofnuclearradiationdirectlyinto

3、electricitywasanexcitingpossibilitythatwasbeingvigorouslyexploredinmanylaboratoriesinthe1950s.6.Iwasnotonlyshockedbutalsodisgustedthatthereporttriedto(distort)thescientificfactsinsuchamannerthatevensomehighly-educatedpeoplewerefooled.7。Sixtytwoandblessedwithhismothersskin,thefishermanhadwithstoodali

4、fetimeofexposuretothesunandlookedas(radiant)asamaninhisforties。8.FrencheducatorLouisBrailleinventedasimplebut(ingenious）codewhichhashadanimpactonthelivesofgenerationsofpeoplewhoareblind。9。Thesenatorsdidntexpectustoasksuchtoughquestions,andwhenwefinallydid,theygot(stumped)anddidntknowwhattosay。Thisne

5、wlyestablisheduniversitysupportsthe（proposition)thatamorediversehighereducationsystemisdesirablesinceitwouldenhanceopportunitiesforlifelonglearning.Unit21。Weneedtoimprovethequalityofeducationsothatourchildrenwillnotleaveschool（deficient)inliteraryandreasoningskills.Inasocietygovernedbytheruleoflaw，e

6、verycitizenissubjecttopossible（prosecution）ifheviolatesthelaw.Thepaygapbetweenaverageworkersandtopcorporateofficershasledtopubic（outrage)asexecutivesreceivelargepackagesdespitefallingshareprices。Thedeliciousmeal（appeased)ourhungerandmadeusfeelwarmagainafterhavingwalkedinthesnowallday.5。Themilitaryin

7、sistson(conformity）inmanyareas,forexample，dressandhaircut,withtheprimaryobjectiveofpromotinggroupunity。6。Mydaughterusedtoplaywiththedogbytakinga(n）（strand）ofitshairandthenspendingalongtimerubbing,combingandtwistingit。7。Whensheleftfortheparty，shetookgreatcaretomakehernecklaceandshoes（complement)herdr

8、ess.8.Itwasnecessarytoprovidelivingplacesfor（transient)immigrantspassingthroughtheareaontheirwaytomorepermanentdwellings.9.Theyhadjustmovedin,sotheyneededtobuyanumberofkitchenappliances），includingamicrowaveoven，atoaster，andacoffeemaker.10。Shewantedabeautifulandelegant（outfit)toattendtheweddingofafri

9、end,butcouldntfindanythingsatisfactoryinthenearbyshops.Unit31。Thecurtainschangedtheatmosphereofthehousecompletelyandmadeitintoaplaceof（exquisite）beauty。2。Asthesun(dispersed)theclouds，weenjoyedourafternoonofplayingcardsintheforestundertheclearskyandobservingthemostspectacularviewIhaveeverseeninmylife

10、。3。Thebigcompany（decentralized)theiroperationslastyearandopenedseveralregionalofficesinthecountrytomeettheneedsofthemarket.Itisnoteasyto（deduce）atrendofgrowthfromtheavailablefactssincetheyarequitescarceandnotthatconvincing.Formerlyfoundonlyinlargeindustrialapplications，microwaveovensnowhavebecomeast

11、andard（fixture)ofmostmodernkitchens。6。Hecallsonthepublictosaveineverydaylifeandbelievesthat（frugality)isthekeytobattlingaculturethatrewardsmindlessconsumption.Heissuitableforthepositionasheisyoungenoughtounderstandwhattheteenagersthinkbutoldenoughto（administrate）theirprograms.8。Whenaskedaboutherwher

12、eaboutsat9oclockthatnight，shegavearather(disjointed）response，whichcaughtthedetectivesattention。(Reviving）thestalledeconomyandstickingtopromisestobringthedeficitdownnextyearisprovingtobetheprincipaltestforthenewpresident.10.Aconsiderableperiodoftimehasto（elapse）beforetheeffectsofsuchsecuritymeasuresa

13、sclosedcircuittelevisioncamerasandcellphonemonitoringbecomeevidentinreducingcrimes.Unit4Iwillconductatop-tobottomreviewofthestatedepartments，agencies,andcommissions,andseekto(consolidate）ortoeliminatethemwhereappropriate。Toa10year-oldgirl,youneedtoofferunderstandingaboutherwishesandhelpher(different

14、iate）betweenfantasyandreality.3。Whenweheardaboutthe（dreadful)sufferingofthechildrenandadults,ourprimaryinstinct,likemillionsofothers,wastoshedtears.4。Itwaswhenwestartedlivingtogetherthatwefound，tooursadnessandsurprise，thatwewere（incompatible）.5。Itwas(alleged)thathehadtakena$50，000bribebeforetheproje

15、ctwastransferredtoanothercompany。Thebudgetproposalhasbeendescribedas(bizarre)”andinappropriate”bypeopleobjectingtoit。7。Itseemsthatwhatpeoplebelieveandwhatresearchershavefoundoutabout(correlation)betweenwealthandhappinessaremoredifferentthantheoverlapping.8.Currentexpenditureinthismuseumis（negligible

16、）incomparisonwiththehugeamountwhichforeignmuseumsofsimilarstandingspend.Theairandriversinthisareaaregettingcleaner，andattemptstopreserveanimalspeciesandtheir(habitats）havebeenmainlysuccessful。10。Ifyoucanproviderationaland(intelligible)debatesfromanunbiasedpointofview，maybewewillalllearnsomething。Uni

17、t51。Althoughhewasnotalegalexpert，heknewitwouldnotbeproperto(fabricate)anythingtomisleadthepublic.2.Hedoesnotworkfulltimethere,buthehasbeenthe(nominal）headoftheorganizationsscholarshipprogramforfiveyears。AsMarkwalkedthesitesonthatinitialtripofthemigrants，hefoundsomeimportant(temporal)cluesdatedbustic

18、kets，shoppingreceiptsandcalendars.4.Inurbanplanning,itisimportanttotakeintoconsiderationthe（reciprocal)influencebetweenthetransportationnetworkandotherfacilities,forexampleshoppingcentersandmedicalcenters.Thelabel”SmartChoicesonthefrontoffoodpackagesusually（denotes）productsthatmeetcriteriaforlowerfa

19、t,sugarandsodium（钠）content。6。ThepublichighschoolgraduationratesinNewMexicoandArizonahavebeenincreasingforthree(consecutive）years，thankstoanonlineprogramthathelpsstudentsearnmissingcredits。7。Intheaccidentattheairshowlastweek,apilotand10(spectators）werekilledwhenafighterplanecrashedintothecrowd。8。Them

20、otherwasnotsurewheretheboyswent,butshedidhearthemmuttering)somethingaboutgoingoutforamoviewithfriends。ThisnewlyreleasedportraitofPlanetEarthisactuallya（composite)ofseveralpicturestakenearlierthismonthbyanewresearchsatellite。Youshouldntfeelinsulted.Wecanassureyouhemeanttobefriendlyandtherewasnothingi

21、mpoliteor（malicious)inhiswords。Unit11。Thebrickwallsoftheruinedbuildings(weredrippingwith）greenmoldandmoisture,andsheshiveredinvoluntarily,lookingdowntoavoidthesight。2。Asurbanpopulationsexportedfinishedgoods(inexchangefor）rawmaterialsfromneighboringpopulations,organizedtradegrewsubstantially.Knowingj

22、usthowquicklyawildfirecanspread，someresidentsofthevillagedecidedtoleavetheirhomesaftertheflames（flaredup)nearby。4。Biologyteachersoften(makeananalogybetween)theheartandapumpinordertohelpstudentsunderstandhowtheheartworks.5.Theywouldliketo(setadatefor）theirweddingandannouncetheirengagementtotheirfamil

23、iesandfriendsassoonaspossible.Hewasdeterminednottosouraperfectlygooddaywiththememoryofonejealousclassmatetryingto(1)（make）afool（2)（outof）himinfrontoftheentireclass.7.Thecouple(madeapact）nevertoworkatthesametime，sothatoneofthemwasalwaysonfull-timeparentingduty,andtheirchildwouldnthavetobelookedafterb

24、ystrangers.Thepresidentsaidthatitstheworstearthquakeevertohitthecountry，andthathe(hadappealedto）theworldforhelp，askinginparticularforheavy-lifthelicoptersabletocarryreliefsuppliesintotheisolatedmountainareas。Unit2Everymonth,theCommunityServicesCenteroffersseverallecturesonhealthandfitness（inhopesof）

25、introducingpeopletohealthierlifestyles.Doyouknowwho（cameupwith）theideaofhavingcheesecakefordessertyesterday？Itwasdeliciousandmadeeveryonehappy.ThepainmedicationleftClaudiafeelingratherdullandsleepy,andsoonafterdinnersheapologizedforbeingsuchpoorcompanyand(excusedherself）tobed.WhenIwasyoung,I（wasobse

26、ssedwith)maps,andIsometimesspentthewholedaychartinglandroutesfromonepointtoanother。5。Tomakeimmigrantscomfortable(reachingoutto）policeforhelp,morethan70citiesnowbarpolicefromaskingthemtoprovetheirlegalstatus.Marywasoftenaccusedofhavingastrongpersonality”becauseshewasnotafraidto(voiceanopinionon)subje

27、ctsaboutwhichshewasknowledgeable.7.Attheendofhisterminoffice,thegovernorwascriticizedforfailureto（liveupto)hiscampaignpromise。8。Resultsofasurveyrevealedthatofthetop10automobilemakers(intermsof)customersatisfaction,sixwereJapaneseandtwowereGerman。Unit31。Becauseofhisquietpersonality,manypeoplesaidthey

28、wouldnotelecthimpresidentoftheinstitutethoughthey(1)(held)him(2）(inhighregard）。2。PetergraduatedfromcollegeinJuneandstartedhisworkintheautocompanyinAugust。（Intheinterim),hetookatriparoundthecountry.3。Whenhisadvertisementusingthenewdigitaltechniquedrewasmanyas，5000responsesovernight,heknewhe(wasontoso

29、mething).Whenstudentsaremoreinvolvedintheiracademicandextracurricularactivities,theywillexperiencearichercampuslife，which（inturn）benefitstheirdevelopment。Thescientistsoftheresearchcenterkeepthegoodhabitofsumminguptheirexperience(fromtimetotime)。6。Whenevertheolderkidsinschooltriedto(pickon）herbrother

30、,shewouldnotbeafraidtostandupforhim.Ifhedoesnttrytogetaticketnow，hesprobablynotgoingtogetone.So，hemightwantto(takeastabat）itonemoretime.8。Therearealotofreasonsforreplacingyourharddriveoraddinganewonetoyouroldcomputer,buttheyall(boildownto)theneedformorespace.Unit41。AfterthepaintersmovetoParisin1904，

31、PicassosRosePeriodpaintings（tookon)awarmerandmoreoptimisticmoodthanthepreviousBluePeriod.Thereareanumberofdifferentoccasionswhenyoumightbe（calledupon）tomakeaspeech。Therefore，youneedtopracticehowtospeaktoalargeaudience.SchoolsintheUSbelievethatcheatinginexaminations(runsagainstthegrain）ofthe”honorsys

32、temproposedbyTomasJeffersonhundredsofyearsago。4。Beingamajorglobalconcern，rapidpopulationgrowthisbelievedbymanytobeincompatiblewith)sustainablemanagementoftheenvironment.Itseemsthatmanypeoplehave(comethrough)periodsofstress，withmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore。Moreandmorenativeplantsdisapp

33、eareveryyear.Savingthemisimportantbecauseourownsurvival(isboundup)withtheirfate.Itsuptoyouto（differentiatebetween)thosewhohaveyourinterestsatheartandthosewhowouldtakeadvantageofyou.AlthoughJ.K。RowlingsHarryPotternovelsarewrittenforages912”,they（havestruckachordwith)manyolderreaders。Unit51.Wechattedf

34、orhalfanhourbeforehefinally(gottothepoint）:HewantedtoworkasabusinessconsultantandwonderedifIcouldpassalongthenamesofcertainpotentialclients。2。Scientistsattheresearchcenteridentifiedvariousfeaturesthat(areattachedto）thecommoditiespurchasedbyfemaleconsumers.3。Thethreemountainclimbers（wouldhavestarvedt

35、odeath）ifthevillagershadnotfoundthemlyingatthebottomofthevalley.Theboylookeduptimidlyathisfatherwhowassittingnexttohim，buthedidntstopcrying。(Ifanything），hiscryingbecamemoreintense.5.Sincenooneknewhowthediseasespread，they(weresuspiciousof）everything，includingmosquitoes，swimmingpools，andpeoplefromothe

36、rneighborhoods。Atthepressconference，thegovernmentspokesmanavoidedansweringthequestionabouthealth-carereformdirectly。Insteadhejust（wanderedaround）totalkabouttheharsheconomicsituation.7。Mr。Rogers，whomyoumetinthemuseumyesterday，worksasasoftwareengineerandplaysfolkmusic(ontheside)。Theseschoolswereselect

37、edforoursurveybecausethecompositionoftheirstudentbodies(wasrepresentativeof）thedistrictsenrollment,whichincludedalargeproportionofchildrenfromimmigrantfamilies.英译汉UNIT1AristotlewasanancientGreekphilosopherandscientist亚.里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家.Hiswritingscovermanysubjects,includingphysics，biology,zoology，lo

38、gic,ethics,poetry，theater，music,linguistics，politicsandgovernment，andconstitutethefirstcomprehensivesystemofWesternphilosophy。他的作品涵盖了很多学科，包含物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府，组成了第一个综合的西方哲学系统。Aristotlewasthefirsttoclassifyareasofhumanknowledgeintodistinctdisciplinessuchasmathematics，biology,andet

39、hics。亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域区分为不一样学科的人，如数学，生物学和伦理学.Hebelievedallpeoplesconceptsandalltheirknowledgewereultimatelybasedonperception。他相信人全部的看法和全部的知识在根本上都是鉴于感知能力。Hisviewsonnaturalscienceslaidthegroundworkformanyofhisworks。他对自然科学的见解组成了他很多作品的基础.Hecontributedtoalmosteveryfieldofhumanknowledgeinhisera。他几乎对他所处时期的

40、每个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。Hisworkscontaintheearliestknownformalstudyoflogic,andeventodayallaspectsofAristotlesphilosophycontinuetobetheimportantsubjectofacademicstudy.他的作品包含了人们所知的最早的对于逻辑的正式研究，即便在今日，亚里士多德哲学所涵盖的方方面面还是学术研究的重要课题.HisphilosophyhadalonglastinginfluenceonthedevelopmentofallWesternphilosophicaltheories

41、。他的哲学对全部的西方哲学理论的发展有着持久不衰的影响。Morethan2，300yearsafterhisdeath，Aristotleremainsoneofthemostinfluentialphilosophersandscientists。在逝世2，300多年后，亚里士多德还是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。UNIT2WilliamShakespeareiswidelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworldspre-eminent（优秀的）dramatist。人们广泛以为，威廉？莎士比亚是最伟大的英语作家和

42、世界优秀的戏剧家。Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoavastnumberoflanguagesandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaywright.他的剧本被译成多种语言，而且比其余任何剧作家的作品都演出得多。Shakespearesearlyworksweremostlycomediesandhistories,莎士比亚的初期作品大多是喜剧和历史剧。whichhavethereputationofbeingamongthefinestmasterpiecesproducedinthesegenres（体裁）ev

43、entoday.即便在今日，这些作品还是同类作品中的杰作，享有绝佳名誉.Lateron,Shakespearewrotemainlytragedies，someofwhich,likeHamletandKingLear,earnedhimfameintheentireWesternliterature.以后莎士比亚的创作主假如惨剧,此中一些作品，如哈姆雷特和李尔王,为其在整个西方文学界博得了名誉。ThemoststrikingfeaturesofShakespearearehisbrilliantuseoflanguageandhisuniversalthemes。莎士比亚最明显的特色是其出色

44、的语言运用及拥有广泛意义的主题。HecontributedthousandsofwordstoEnglish,manyofwhichhavebecomeembeddedinthelanguage.他创立了数千个英语词汇，此中很多已经深植于英语中.Histhemesaresouniversalthattheytranscendgenerationstostirtheimaginationsofreadersandaudiencesworldwide。他的作品主题拥有广泛意义，因此能足数代流传，激发世界各地读者和观众的想象力。Shakespearehasinfluencedandinspiredm

45、anywritersoverthecenturies.数世纪以来,莎士比亚影响和激励了很多作家。Hiswritingsremainhighlypopulartoday，andtheyareconstantlystudied,performed,andreinterpretedindiverseculturesthroughouttheworld.其作品到现在仍旧广受欢迎，在世界各地的文化中被不停地研究、演出和解说。Shakespearewillcontinuetohaveanenormousimpactonfutureplaywrights，novelists，poets，actors,and

46、scholars。莎士比亚将持续对将来的剧作家、小说家、诗人、演员和学者产生巨大影响。UNIT3WiththedevelopmentofcomputerscienceandtheInternettechnology,socialnetworkingservices（SNS)havecometobeawidelypopularplatformtobuildsocialnetworksorsocialrelationsamongpeopleinrecentyears。最近几年来，跟着计算机科学和互联网技术的发展，交际网络服务（SNS）已经成为人们建立交际网络和社会关系的一个广受欢迎的平台。SNSa

47、reweb-basedservicesthatallowindividualstocreateapublicprofile,createalistofuserswithwhomtoshareconnection，andviewandcrosstheconnectionswithinthesystem。SNS是鉴于网页的服务，同意个人创立面向民众的个人简介，创立用户名单以分享社会联系，并对系统内的关系网进行阅读和交错连结。Socialnetworkingsitesarevariedandtheyincorporatenewinformationandcommunicationtools,allo

48、winguserstoshareideas，pictures，posts,activities,events，interestswithpeopleintheirnetwork。交际网站多种多样，可整合各样新的信息及通信工具，并同意用户跟网络中的其余人分享看法、图片、帖子、活动、事件以及兴趣喜好等。SNShaveaffectedthesociallifeandactivityofpeopleinvariousways.SNS已经过各样方式影响到人们的社会生活以及交际活动.Withitsavailabilityonmanymobiledevices，asocialnetworkingservic

49、eallowstheuserstocontinuouslystayintouchwithfriends,relativesandotheracquaintanceswherevertheyareintheworld,aslongasthereisaccesstotheInternet。跟着各样挪动设施对SNS接见的实现，只需能连结上互联网，用户在世界上的任何地方都能向来与朋友、亲戚及其余认识的人保持联系。Asocialnetworkingservicecanalsounitepeoplewithcommoninterestsandbeliefsthroughgroupsandotherpage

50、s，andhasbeenknowntoreunitelostfamilymembersandfriendsbecauseofthewidespreadreachofitsnetwork.SNS还可让拥有相同兴趣和信念的人经过群组或其余页面成立联系，同时，因为其网络散布广阔,还可以让失散的家庭成员或朋友从头聚会,这点早已为人所知.UNIT4BaroquearchitectureisabuildingstylethatflourishedinEuropebetweenthelate16thandmid18thcentury.巴洛克建筑是一种建筑风格，兴隆于16世纪后期至18世纪中期的欧洲.Itev

51、olvedoutofRenaissancearchitectureinItaly，whentheRenaissancearchitectsbegantogetboredofthesymmetry（对称）andsameoldformstheyhadbeenusingforthepast200years,andstartedtomakebold，curvingandnotatallsymmetricalbuildingscalledtheBaroquebuildings它.由意大利文艺复兴时期的建筑发展而来，当时文艺中兴建筑师开始对过去200多年来向来沿用的对称的、千篇一律的旧建筑形式感觉厌烦，开

52、始建筑醒目的、拥有曲线性而非对称的巴洛克建筑。Baroquestylebuildingssharesomecommoncharacteristics。巴洛克风格的建筑有一些共同特色。Marble，gilt（镀金）andbronzewerethematerialstheBaroquearchitectsusedinabundance。大理石、镀金、青铜是巴洛克建筑师大批使用的资料。OvalwasthemostdistinctandaverycommonshapeincorporatedintoBaroquearchitecture。椭圆形是巴洛克建筑最鲜亮且十分常有的形状。Dramaticuse

53、oflightisimportant,andisachievedeitherthroughstronglight-and-shadecontrastsoruniformlightingbymeansofwindows戏.剧性的光照运用也是其重要特色，主假如经过激烈的光影对照或由窗户进入的平均光芒来实现。Opulentuseofcolorandornamentsisprevalent,ascanbeseeninthelarge-scalefrescoes湿(壁画）paintedontheceilings。丰富的色彩和装修运用也很常有，这从天花板上的大幅壁画中能够看出。Thereisusually

54、acentralprojectionthatisquitelargeandjutsoutward,anddomeserectedinapearshapeareoftenseen。巴洛克建筑往常正中还有一个相当大而且向外突出的部分，梨形的拱顶也十分常有.ThemostwellknownBaroquebuildingsincludetheSt。PaulsCathedralintheUKandthePalaceofVersaillesinFrance最著.名的巴洛克建筑包含英国的圣保罗大教堂和法国的凡尔赛宫。GianLorenzoBerniniandFrancescoBorrominiwerethetwomainarchitectsoftheBaroqueera。杰安?劳伦佐?贝尼尼和弗朗西斯科?博罗米尼是巴洛克时期两位主要的建筑师。UNIT5TheRenaissancewasaninfluentialculturalmovementwhichbroughtaboutaperiodofscientificrevolutionandartistictransformationatthedawnofmodernEuropeanhistory.文艺中兴是一场影响巨大的文化运动。它在现代欧洲史的初步时