杭州专版2022年中考英语第34讲阅读理解精讲本课件

1、 名 词完形填空20172021年杭州市中考阅读理解考点统计命题角度20212020201920182017话题广告图表A篇B篇事物介绍B篇B篇B篇C篇C篇人物故事A篇健康生活A篇C篇A篇百科知识C篇C篇D篇D篇D篇节约环保A篇B篇城市建设D篇语言学习D篇 名 词完形填空文体A篇记叙文应用文应用文记叙文说明文B篇说明文说明文说明文议论文应用文C篇说明文说明文说明文说明文说明文D篇说明文议论文议论文议论文说明文分析杭州近几年的中考真题可知，阅读理解的考查特点主要有：1.文体方面：A篇为应用文或记叙文，主要是日常生活类或人物故事类文章；B篇为说明文或应用文，主要是事物介绍类或广告宣传类文章；C篇以

2、说明文为主，主要是事物介绍类或科普类文章；D篇以议论文为主，主要是知识科普类文章。2.话题方面：主要以介绍类、生活类、科普类为主。3.词数：A篇词数通常在210350之间；B篇词数通常在280330之间；C篇词数通常在270310之间；D篇词数通常在310360之间。阅读理解4.考点：A篇阅读共考查5道细节理解题、5道推理判断题、2道词义猜测题、1道主旨大意题；B篇阅读共考查9道细节理解题、8道推理判断题、2道词义猜测题、1道主旨大意题；C篇阅读共考查11道推理判断题、6道细节理解题、2道主旨大意题、1道词义猜测题、1道目的意图题、1道段落大意题；D篇阅读共考查6道推理判断题、4道细节理解题、

3、3道目的意图题、1道词义猜测题、1道指代判断题。可知杭州近几年阅读理解主要考查细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题。阅读理解答题技巧指导1.词义猜测题 此类试题测试考生根据上下文理解推测并判断该词或句子在文章中的确切含义的能力。 词义猜测题的解题技巧为： (1)判断某些生词有没有猜测的必要。 (2)根据定义、解释来猜测。 如：A calendar is a timetable of the days，weeks，months of a certain year.从所下的定义a timetable of the days，weeks，months of a certain year中可

4、以猜出calendar的意思为“日历”。答题技巧指导 (3)根据构词法中的派生、合成、转化来猜测。 如：When a wise person misuses his wisdom，he will do a great harm to society. 我们都知道use的意思是“使用”，mis-是否定前缀，所以可猜出该词的意思为“误用”。 (4)根据同义词、反义词关系或对比、转折关系来猜测。 如：Unlike his brother，who is a handsome man，John is quite homely. 从unlike可看出John和他哥哥(弟弟)正好相反，他哥哥(弟弟)是用ha

5、ndsome 来形容的，由此可猜出homely的意思是“不好看的”。答题技巧指导 (5)根据同位语关系来猜测。 如：Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh，Scotland.His father is an expert in phonetics，the study of the sounds of language. 由phonetics的同位语从句the study of the sounds of language可猜出该词的意思为“语音学”。 (6)根据因果关系来猜测。 如：She felt grieved，for her

6、 parents both died weeks ago.由该词后的原因状语从句for her parents both died weeks ago可猜出该词的意思为“悲痛的”。答题技巧指导 (7)根据上下文线索猜测。 如：The lack of movement caused the muscles(肌肉) to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again. 由上文The lack of movement caused the muscles to we

7、aken可知，运动的缺乏导致肌肉萎缩，以及下文So the player could never play the sport again知道，这位运动员再也无法做运动了，因此可以猜出permanent的意思为“永久的，永恒的”。答题技巧指导 (8)根据生活常识和经验来猜测。 如：In old days，when girls from rich families were married to their husbands，they expected to bring with themselves with a large amount of dowry. 上文提到了girls from r

8、ich families were married to their husbands可猜出，来自富有家庭的女孩要出嫁，她们当然希望带上大量的“嫁妆”。答题技巧指导2.细节理解题 此类题就是我们常见的wh- 题，有些问题可以在文中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化理解后才能找到，比如说通过计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。具体方法为：先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。 细节理解题的解题技巧为： (1)直接事实题：解答此类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 答题技巧指导 (2

9、)间接事实题：解答此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断，梳理一下文章的脉络，找出支持每个现象的句子。所以做间接事实题时，A、B、C、D四个选项要全看。通常以下列形式出现：Which of the following is TRUE？Which of the following is NOT true？Which of the following is WRONG？From the passage we know .答题技巧指导3.推理判断题 此类题要求考生透过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意义，检测考生的逻辑判断能力。考生要领会材料的抽象含义以及全篇的逻辑关系，并根据常识，或

10、者依靠推理、判断得出结论。通常以这样的形式出现：What can you infer from the passage？ 推理判断题的解题技巧为： (1)根据词义关系推断具体细节，要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事、以偏概全。 答题技巧指导 (2)根据文章的内容，进行合理的判断，切忌根据自己的观点或已有的经验去揣测。 (3)把握作者的观点、态度或写作的目的，借助上下文，领会“弦外之音”，避免“自己想当然”。4.主旨大意题 此类题用来检测考生是否拥有掌握阅读材料的主旨或大意的能力。通常以下列形式出现： The main idea of the passage is . Th

11、e passage is about .答题技巧指导 What is the best title of the passage？ Whats the writers purpose of writing this article？ Which may be the best title for the passage？ 主旨大意题的解题技巧为： (1)首先要清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意。可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。 (2)如有标题，标题中所蕴含的信息往往是关键信息；同时也要关注文章的首尾(那往往是文章的主题句)，或每段的首句(那往往是该段的主题句)。答题技巧指

12、导 (3)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它也就抓住了文章的中心。 (4)学会捕捉作者的态度、意图，即通常所谓“弦外之音，言外之意”，从而了解作者写这篇文章的目的所在。总之，做阅读题要记得：一读，二找，三思，四查。答题技巧指导5.文章结构题 常见提问方式： How is the passage organized？ Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？ The author develops the passage

13、mainly by. 文章结构题的解题技巧为： (1)注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括了文章的中心思想。 (2)找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见上面第4点。答题技巧指导 (3)最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系，承上启下，使文章行文连贯、逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。典例分析【典例分析】(2021杭州)C Flamenco is very popular in southern Spain. It begins with guita

14、r music and clapping(击掌)and then dancers join the performance. Sometimes a woman dances alone and sometimes she dances with a man. The woman always wears a long， colorful dress. She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast， difficult steps. The man often wears black. Both dancers cl

15、ick their shoes on the floor when they dance around each other. Cossack dances are from Russia and Ukraine. They are very energeticsome are more like gymnastics than dancing！ Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down. They often jump over swords(剑).The m

16、ovements are similar to traditional Cossack activities， for example， sword fighting and getting on and off horses. Limbo dancing is first from West Africa but today it is an important part of celebrations in the Caribbean. Young people have to dance under a pole(杆). The pole is often on fire and the

17、 dancer mustnt touch it！ After a successful “limbo”， they put the pole lower and do it again. Some dancers can dance under a pole just twenty centimeters off the ground！典例分析 Mask(面具)dances are important for the Dogon people in Mali. Each village makes different masks. They are often huge and colorfu

18、l. There are masks of people， monsters or local animals like crocodiles and monkeys. Mask dancers are always men and they dance to the sound of drums for hours after the death of a person in the village. Today， Dogon villagers also perform the dances for tourists.典例分析23.What do we know about flamenc

19、o dancing？A. Dancers begin performing before the guitar music starts.B. A woman dancer often wears a long black dress.C. A woman dancer moves her hands and feet at different speeds.D. Dancers clap loudly while moving around each other.24.What does the underlined word “gymnastics” in Paragraph 2 refe

20、r to？A. A play. B. A sport.C. A celebration. D. A show.典例分析25.Which of the following is limbo dancing？26.What is the best title for the text？A. Dance Jumps and MovesB. Dances for Different AgesC. Dance Music and ClothingD. Dances from Around the World典例分析【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地的一些具有特色的舞蹈。23.C【解析】

21、细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast， difficult steps.”可知，她慢慢地移动她的手臂和手，但是她的脚迈着快速且复杂的步伐。由此可知，Flamenco舞的女舞者以不同的速度移动她的手和脚。故选C。24.B【解析】指代判断题。根据第二段第三句“Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down.”可知，跳Cossack舞的舞者身体必须健壮，因为他

22、们要跳得很高，并且要上下踢腿。由此可推知，画线词所在句表示，Cossack舞充满活力，比起舞蹈，(它)更像是体操运动。因此gymnastics应表示一种体育运动，B项符合题意。故选B。25.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“Young people have to dance under a pole(杆). The pole is often on fire and the dancer mustnt touch it！”可知，年轻人必须在一根燃烧的杆子下跳舞，而且跳舞的人不能碰到它！A项图片符合描述。故选A。26.D【解析】标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了世界各地的一些具有特

23、色的舞蹈。因此D项是本文的最佳标题。故选D。【先悟后练】(2021年杭州市下城区初三三模) On October 30,2019，the farm of a family in the village of Grusch，Switzerland，burnt down.The house in the farm completely burnt down.It was around 300 years old. The next morning at the local public school，students were surprised by the news.They wanted t

24、o help.Robin Egger，a head teacher at the school，worked with a teacher to make a plan for their students to help the family. They went to local businesses and asked for donations(捐赠) for the family.In exchange for a donation，their company logo was displayed at a market where students sold homemade th

25、ings. In addition，the students donated all of the money they raised for their end-of-school trip.“Traditionally，the 9th graders sell self-made Christmas cards in town to make money for their end-of-school trip，”Robin said.But this time，they gave all their money away to the project.Instead of investi

26、ng (耗费) time in a project for their end-of-year school trip，they spent their afternoons raising money for this family.The students also made a large card with hopeful wishes for the family.The card was at the local town store and on Sundays at the church. With their help and effort，the family who lo

27、st their home and farm in the fire is doing much better. At first the family didnt want to accept the money； they thought it was too much，but at last they were convinced(被说服) to accept it and have decided to rebuild the house and the stables.The daughter will take over the farm from her parents and continue farming. Representatives (代表) of a company showed up at the school and surprised the students with unexpected good news：the students were going on an end-of-year trip，free of charge.It will pay for all of the students to visit E