大学英语3期末考试题阅读题题库急加DAAN

1、第一次Whydosmokerstendtoweighlessthannonsmokersandgainweightwhentheygiveupthehabit？Contraryto“commonknowledge,nonsmokersdonotgenerallyeatmorethansmokers，nordotheyexerciseless，studiesfind。Researchperformedonsmokersatrestindicatesthatnicotine（尼古丁)itselfcanincreasebasalmetabolic（新陈代谢的)rates,meaningsmokers

2、burnmoreenergythannonsmokersduringperiodsofinactivity。Butsurveyssuggestmostsmokerssmokenotwhilecompletelyatrest,butwhileperforminglightactivitiessuchasdeskworkthatcanincreasemetabolicratesbytwoorthreetimes。Unlessnicotinemetabolicseffectsincreaseproportionallywithmetabolicrates，itsinfluenceonweightmi

3、ghtbeinsignificant。Nowastudyshowsthatnicotineeffectsonbodyfuelconsumptionindeedincreaseproportionallywithincreasesinactivity.“Theseresultsindicatethatthemetaboliceffectofnicotinemayplayagreaterpartinaccountingforbodyweightdifferencesbetweensmokersandnonsmokersthanwaspreviouslybelieved,says”KennethA.

4、PerkinsandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine.Theresearchersgaveanicotinenosespraytoindividualsperforminglightworkinthiscaseridinganexercisebicyclemodifiedtoalloweasyridingwhilesubjectsremainseatedinacomfortablearmchair。Theactivityraisedrestingmetabolicratestwotothreetimes。Byana

5、lyzingairbreathedout,theresearcherscalculatedenergyconsumptioninthearmchairbicyclistsbeforeandaftergivingthenosesprayandcomparedtherelativechangeswithsubjectsinthecontrolgroupgivenplacebo（试验药物用的)无效比较剂）nosesprays.Relativetotheirbaselinebicycleexpenditures，individualsinthenicotinegroupexpendedconsider

6、ablymoreenergythandidthoseincontrolgroupwhiledoingthesameamountofwork。Withnicotine，Perkinssays,“Itsasifthebodyisbecomingmuchlessefficientinusingitsstoredenergy。”Whiletheresultsmayseemdiscouragingtosmokerswhodliketoquitwithoutgainingweight，Perkinsnotesthatwalkinganextramileadayshouldmakeupforthediffe

7、renceinmetabolicefficiency。Andhesayssmokerswouldhavetogain“wellmorethan50pounds”tocounterbalancethehealthrisksofcontinuedsmoking。1.Whatmight“commonknowledge”sayaboutsmokersandnonsmokersA)Smokerseatmoreandexercisemorethannonsmokers。？Smokerseatlessandexerciselessthannonsmokers.Smokerseatlessandexercis

8、emorethannonsmokers.D）Smokerseatmoreandexerciselessthannonsmokers.答案：C2.WhenmightnicotineinfluencesmokersweightsignificantlyA）WhenNicotinesmetaboliceffectsandmetabolicratesincreaseatthesamerate。B)Whilesmokersareexercising。C)Whilesmokersareatrest.D）WhenNicotinesmetaboliceffectsincreaseproportionallyw

9、iththeamountoflightactivities。？答案：A3。Theword“subjects”inthefourthparagraphmeans。peopleundermedicaltreatmentresearchersaddictedsmokers答案：C4。Whathavetheresearchersfoundoutintheirstudy？A）Peopleinthearmchairexpendedmoreenergythanpeopledoingdeskwork.B）Peopleinthecontrolgroupbreathedoutmoreair.C）Peoplewit

10、houtnicotinenosesprayarebecomingmuchlessefficientinusingenergy。D)Peopleinthenicotinegroupconsumedmoreenergy。答案：D5.Whydothestudyresultsseemdiscouragingtosomesmokersaccordingtothepassage？A)Becausetheywanttogainweighttotacklethehealthrisksofcontinuedsmoking。B）Becausetheywanttoquitsmokingandstillkeepfit

11、。Becausetheywanttowalkinganextramileadaytolosesomeweight.D）Becausetheywanttokeepfitwithouthavingtoquitsmoking。答案：BAcertainamountofcontroversyhasbeencausedbythepublicationofanewreportbyateamofeducationalistsheadedbyPro。B.J。Smith.Thereportclaimstohavestatisticalevidencethatchildrenwhoattendanumberofdi

12、fferentschoolsthroughtheirparentshavingtomovearoundthecountryaremorethannormallyvulnerabletoaviciouscycleoflowacademicachievement。Therearealsoindications,saysProfessorSmith，ofanunusuallyhighrateofpsychologicaldismayamongsuchchildren。Theprofessor，whohaslongsuspectedthattheeffectonchildrenwhoseparents

13、traveltodifferentpartsofthecountryinsearchofworkhasnotbeensufficientlyresearched，stressesthatthisisnotmerelyanexpressionofprejudice。“Wearenotdealingherewithopinions,”hesays，“Its，truemypersonalfeelingisthatforchildrenswellbeing,theyshouldstayinoneschool.However，ourfindingsarebasedonresearchandnotonan

14、ypersonalattitudesthatIormycolleaguesmayhaveonthesubject。”Capt。ThomasMuller,anArmylecturerforthepast20yearsandhimselfafatheroftwo,said，“Iveneverheardsuchrubbish。AsfarasImconcerned，absolutelynoharmisdonetotheeducationofchildrenwhochangeschoolsregularlyaslongastheykeeptothesamesystemasinourArmyschool.

15、InmyexperienceandIveknownquiteafewofthemArmychildrenareaswell-adjustedasanyothers，ifnotmoreso.WhattheProfessordoesntappeartoappreciateisthefactthatinsuchsituationschildrenwilladaptmuchbetterthanadults。”WhenthiswasputtoProfessorSmith，hesaidthatatnotimehadhisteamsuggestedthatallsuchchildrenwerebackwar

16、dordismayedinsomeway,butsimplythatintheirexperiencetherewasacleartendency。“Ourfindingsindicatethatwhiletheextremelybrightchildcancopewithregularemotionalturbulencewithoutharminghisorhergeneralacademicprogress,themajorityofchildrensufferfromconstantlyhavingtoenteranewlearningenvironment。”6。WhatdoesPr

17、ofessorSmithsreportsuggest?A)ChildrenshouldntchangeschoolstoooftenB)Childrenwhohavetomovearoundthecountryarebetteratacademicachievement。C）Childrenattendingmanyschoolshavecausedacertainamountofcontroversy.Childrenwhoattenddifferentschoolsaremorevulnerabletoviciousdiseases。答案:A7。A）WhatdoesProfessorSmi

18、ththinkofthefindingsoftheresearchTheyareprovedbytheresearch.？Theyarejustbasedonhispersonalfeeling.C）D）Theymaymerelybeanexpressionofprejudice.Theyarebasedonpersonalattitudes。答案:A8。WhatdoesCapt。ThomasMullerthinkofchildrenwhochangeschoolsregularly？Theycanactuallydealwiththenewenvironmentbetterthanadult

19、s。B)Theydonoharmtotheeducation。C）TheyfinditdifficulttokeeptothesamesystemD）Theyaregenerallyill-adjusted。答案：A9。HowdoesProfessorSmithdefendhimselfagainCapt.ThomasMuller?A）Hesuggeststhatchildrenhavingregularemotionalturbulencedonotharmtheiracademicprogress。B）Hearguesthatonlyafewchildrenwillsufferfromch

20、angingschoolsregularly。C）Hestressesthatthemajorityofchildrentendtosufferfromconstantlyadaptingtoanewlearningenvironment。D）Hebelievesthatextremelybrightchildlikestoenteranewlearningenvironment。答案：C10。WhatdoesthepassagemainlytalkaboutA）Howarmychildrengetusedtoanewlearning？environment.B）Whetherchildren

21、wouldbeaffectedbychangingschoolsregularly.C）TheprocedureProfessorSmithfollowedtoconductastudy.D）Theopinionspeoplehaveaboutchildrenwhooftenchangeschools.答案:BRecentlytherehasbeenatendencytosympathizewiththieveswhoseoperationshavebeencarriedoutonagrandscale,andnoattemptwhateverhasbeenmadetoholdthemresp

22、onsible。Someofthemostthievish（像窃贼的)transactionshaveflourishedandarestillflourishing。Theirsuccessandtheirwealtharetheonlythingsrecognized。Theyarehonoredasfinanciersandmenofaffairs，lookeduptoandrespected.Inrealitytheyarenothingmoreandnothinglessthanalotofmercilessandheartlessthieves。Fraudisfraudandche

23、atingischeatingdespitetheartisticmannerinwhichitiscommittedorthesizeofthescaleuponwhichitisoperated.Itistimethesemenwereclassedproperlyandplacedwheretheyrightlybelong,fortheyarenobetterthanthemiserablesneak-thiefwhostealsapennyfromablindmansdog。Forthepasttwoorthreeyearsworkingpeoplewhohavemadesacrif

24、icestosaveafewpennieshavebeencheatedmostunmercifully.Theirhardearnedsavingshavebeenstolenfromthembyeverypossibleschemefromtheobviouslooting（抢劫）ofabanktothehigherandmoreartisticmethodoflegalizedhighrisk，complexfinancialproducts。Menhighupinthefinancialworldhavelenttheirnamestosomeofthemostshadyandnoto

25、riousschemesthateverdishonoredacommunityorapeople.Becauseofthisthemostdiligentandeconomical(节约的）Americanpeoplehavebeeninducedtoplacetheirhard-earnedandcarefullyguardedsavingsinwhattheywereledtobelievewasasafeinvestment,onlytofindoutwhentoolatethattheyhadfallenintothehandsofagangofextremelyrespectabl

26、echeats.Theycannotrecoverwhattheyhavelost.Thethiefistoopowerfultobeaffectedbythelawwhilethevictimistooweaktoputitsmachineryinmotion.Itmaybethatthelawisdefective,oritmaybethatthosehavingitsmachineryinchargeareinfluencedbythewealthofthetransgressors（违反者）。Whateverorwhicheveritisthatisresponsibleoughtto

27、beinvestigatedandtheevilremedied.11.WhatdoesthetendencymentionedinthefirstparagraphreflectA）Peopleencouragesomeofthemostthievishtransactionstoflourish。B）Peopleonlyrespectsuccessandwealthwithoutanymoraljudgment.C）Peopleprefertocarryoutoperationsonagrand？scale.Peoplehavemadeattempttoholdthievesrespons

28、ible.答案：B12.Howdidworkingpeoplelosetheirhard-earnedsavingsA）Theylenttheirmoneytomenhighupinthefinancial？world.B）Theywerecheatedbythebank。C）Theywereunluckyininvestment。D)Theywererobbedbythethievesnearby。答案：B13.Whenthewritersays“agangofextremelyrespectablecheatsParagraphFour,itisimpliedthat。A）theyarew

29、elleducatedbutillbehaved”intheyarerespectableinartisticcheatingC）theyarecheatswithrespectablegoalstheyarenotwell-educatedbutrespected答案:A14。Whatcouldbeapossiblereasonforthethievestoescapefromlawaccordingtothepassage？A)TheyarepowerfulenoughtoignorethelawB）Therearedefectsinthelaw.。C）D）Theyarewealthyen

30、oughtocompensatethevictimsThevictimistooweaktoinvestigatethem。答案：B15。Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat。A）therearetoomanythievesandrobbersindustriousandhonestpeopleshouldbehighlypaidmoralstandardsarealwaysupheldD）anythiefshouldbepunished答案:DPeopleoftenaskwhichisthemostdifficultlanguagetolearn，anditis

31、noteasytoanswerbecausetherearemanyfactorstotakeintoconsideration。Firstly,inafirstlanguagethedifferencesareunimportantaspeoplelearntheirmothertonguenaturally，sothequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnisonlyrelevantwhenlearningasecondlanguage。AnativespeakerofSpanish，forexample，willfindPortuguesemucheasi

32、ertolearnthananativespeakerofChinese，forexample,becausePortugueseisverysimilartoSpanish，whileChineseisverydifferent,sofirstlanguagecanaffectlearningasecondlanguage。Thegreaterthedifferencesbetweenthesecondlanguageandourfirst,theharderitwillbeformostpeopletolearn。ManypeopleanswerthatChineseisthehardes

33、tlanguagetolearn，possiblyinfluencedbythethoughtoflearningtheChinesewritingsystem，andthepronunciationofChinesedoesappeartobeverydifficultformanyforeignlearners。However，forJapanesespeakers,whoalreadyuseChinesecharactersintheirownlanguage,learningwritingwillbelessdifficultthanforspeakersoflanguagesusin

34、gtheRomanalphabet.Somepeopleseemtolearnlanguagesreadily，whileothersfinditverydifficult.Teachersandthecircumstancesinwhichthelanguageislearnedalsoplayanimportantrole,aswellaseachlearnermotivationsforlearning.Ifpeoplelearnalanguagebecausetheyneedtouseitprofessionally,theyoftenlearnitfasterthanpeoplest

35、udyingalanguagethathasnodirectuseintheirdaytodaylife。Apparently，BritishdiplomatsandotherembassystaffhavefoundthatthesecondhardestlanguageisJapanese,whichwillprobablycomeasnosurprisetomany,butthelanguagethattheyhavefoundtobethemostproblematicisHungarian.ThisdoesnotmeanthatHungarianisthehardestlanguag

36、etolearnforeveryone，butitcausesBritishdiplomaticpersonnel,whoaregenerallyusedtolearninglanguages,themostdifficulties.Differentculturesandindividualsfromthosecultureswillfinddifferentlanguagesmoredifficult.InthecaseofHungarianforBritishlearners，itisnotaquestionofthewritingsystem,whichusesasimilaralph

37、abet，butthegrammaticalcomplexity,thoughnativespeakersofrelatedlanguagesmayfinditeasier，whilestrugglingwithlanguagesthattheBritishfindrelativelyeasy.16。WhyisithardtosaywhichlanguageisthemostdifficultA）Becauseitisonlyrelevantwhenlearningasecondlanguage.tolearn？B)Becausedifferencesbetweenlanguagesareun

38、important。C）D）BecausepeoplelearntheirmothertonguenaturallyBecausemanyfactorshavetobeconsidered。答案：D17.WhowillfindPortuguesemucheasiertolearn？AnativespeakerofJapaneseB）AnativespeakerofHungarianC）AnativespeakerofSpanishD）AnativespeakerofChinese答案：C18.WhatisthemostproblematiclanguagetoBritishdiplomatsa

39、ndotherembassystaff?A）JapaneseB)C)HungarianSpanishD）Chinese答案：C19。WhydomanypeoplethinkChineseisthehardestlanguagetolearn？BecausethepronunciationofChineseisdifficult.BecausethegrammarofChineseiscomplex.C)BecauseChineseisnotdirectlyusedintheirlife。D)BecauseChineseusestheRomanalphabet。答案:A20。Whatfactor

40、scannotaffectlearningasecondlanguageaccordingtothepassage？eachlearnersmotivationforlearningteachersandthecircumstancesfirstlanguage答案：BIn1976，WinklerwroteaMyTurnabouttheoverwhelmingreactiontothecharacterheplayedonthepopulartelevisionsitcom（情形喜剧),“HappyDays”.Theshowwasatitspeak，andFonziewasitssuperst

41、ar.Infact，AmericansrelatedsostronglytothecharacterthatWinklerbecameapparentlypermanentlypartofthecountrysbroad,extendedfamily。Threedecadeslater，fansstillgreettheactorwithFonziessignaturethumbsupsignandalong,drawnout“Aaay！“Alltheseyearslater，thewarmthIamtreatedwithisunbelievable,anditsallovertheworld

42、，”Winklersays。Henolongerreceivesthe50，000fanlettersayearthathegotduring“HappyDays”s，originalbuttheyrunstillcomebythehundreds.Andonthestreet，folkstendtohaveacommonreaction。“Theythankmeformakingthemlaughforsolong。Theysay,Igrewupwith，youormychildrengrewupwithyou，or，wesatandwatchedittogether，”hesays.Win

43、klersayshisFonziedayscamebacktohimvividlyashereadoverhisoldMyTurn。Castonhis28thbirthday，theYaletrainedperformerhadbeenastrugglingactor，dreamingoffame。Thedreamturnedrealveryquickly。“Wewerehardlyontheairwhenthisthingstartedtosnowball,goingfromzeroto60inaboutthreeseconds,”Winklerrecalls。Today,Winklergi

44、vesspeechestocollegestudentsaboutlivingtheirdreams，focusingonhowtobecomeasuccessfulactor.“Ifyouare，havedeterminasensedofhumorandnevertakeyoureyeoffwhatitisyouwant，youcanactuallyhaveit,hesays。”Winklerisalsoatworkonhisfirstchildrenauthoringsbook,withcoLinOliver。Hewasrecentlynamedexecutiveproducerof“Ho

45、llywoodSquares”andproducestheshow“Intuition”ontheGameShowNetwork.Hisnextmovie，“Holes,basedonachildrensbook，isscheduledforreleasethiswinter。InOctober2000，WinklermadehisBroadwaydebutcostarringwithJohnRitterintheshow“TheDinnerParty.”Butthroughitall，WinklerremainsFonzie.“Ithinkheisthearchitectofmyhome，o

46、fmyprofessionallife,andofmygoodfortuneintheworld,Winklersays.“Heliterallyisthefoundationforeverythingthatwastocome.21。WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasfansreactionA）FanswritelotsofletterstoWinklerformanyyears.B）FansthankWinklerwhentheymeethimonthestreet。C）FansgreetWinklerbyimitatingFonziessignatur

47、e。toFonzie?D)FanssitandwatchthesitcomtogetherwithWinkler。答案：D22。Whichofthefollowinginfluenceshimmostaccordingtotheauthor？A）Thetelevisionsitcom“HappyDays”.B）Theshow“TheDinnerParty”。C）Themovie“Holes”。D）Theshow“Intuition”.答案:A23。Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A)Winklerspentlongtimestrug

48、glingtomakehisdreamcometrue。successfulactormusthaveasenseofhumor.C）FanslikeWinklerasasuperstaronlyforafewyears。D）Fonzieusuallyuttersalong，drawnout“Aaay!”in“HappyDays”.答案：D24。Whatdoestheword“snowball”inParagraphthreemostprobablymean？。A）throwatB)aballmadeofsnowC）growrapidlyD)melteasily答案：C25。Whichofth

49、efollowingistheauthorprimarilyconcernedwithinthispassage？A）WinklersarticleMyTurnB）FansreactiontoFonzieplayedbyWinklerC）WinklerslifeasanactorD)Winklerandhissitcom“HappyDays答案:D第二次Wealllaugh。Weallhurt。Weallmakemistakes。Wealldream，thatslife。Itsajourney。Pleasefollowtheserulestomakethejourneyofyourlifeaj

50、ourneyofjoy!Stayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainstgettingill,newstudyfindingssuggest。Inanexperimentthatexposedhealthyvolunteerstoacoldorfluvirus，researchersfoundthatpeoplewithagenerallysunnydisposition（性格)werelesslikelytofallill。Thefindings,publishedinthejournalPsychosomati

51、cMedicine，buildonevidencethata“positiveemotionalstyleanhelpward”coffthecommoncoldandotherillnesses。Researchersbelievethereasonsmaybebothobjectiveasinhappinessboostingimmunefunctionandsubjectiveasinhappypeoplebeinglesstroubledbyascratchythroatorrunnynose.“Peoplewithapositiveemotionalstylemayhavediffe

52、rentimmuneresponsetothevirus，”explainedleadstudyauthorDrSheldonCohenofCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh。“Andwhentheydogetacold，theymayinterprettheirillnessasbeinglesssevere。”Cohenandhiscolleagueshadfoundinapreviousstudythathappierpeopleseemedlesslikelytocatchacold，butsomequestionsremainedastowhet

53、hertheemotionaltraititselfhadtheeffect。Forthenewstudy，theresearchershad193healthyadultswithcompletestandardmeasuresofpersonalitytraits,self-perceivedhealthandemotional“styleThose”.whotendedtobehappy，energeticandeasygoingwerejudgedashavingapositiveemotionalstyle，whilethosewhowereoftenunhappy,tenseand

54、hostilehadanegativestyle.Theresearchersgavethemnosedropscontainingeitheracoldvirusoraparticularfluvirus。Overthenextsixdays，thevolunteersreportedonanyaches，pains，orsneezing（打喷嚏）theyhad，whiletheresearcherscollectedobjectivedata。Cohenandhiscolleaguesfoundthatbasedonobjectivemeasuresofnasalwoes（鼻部的不适）,h

55、appypeoplewerelesslikelytodevelopacold.1.Thenewstudyfindingsintheexperimentsuggestthat_A）Havingagooddispositionismorelikelytogetill.B）Beingoptimisticismoreprobabletokeephealthy。Havinganegativeemotionisharmfultothecharacter。D)Stayingpositiveismorelikelytocatchcold。答案：BThephrase“wardoff”inParagraph2mo

56、stprobablymeans“_”。A)shrugC）keepD）setB）giveinasideoffaway答案：CItcanbeinferredfromDr。SheldonCohensinterpretationthat_。peoplewithapositiveemotionaremorelikelytointerprettheirillnessobjectively.peoplewithanegativeemotionaremorelikelytoboostimmunefunctiontothevirus.peoplewithanegativeemotionaremorelikely

57、tointerprettheirillnesssubjectively。regardtheirillnessaslessserious。答案:D4。Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethatthebenefitsofhavingapositiveemotionalstyleare_。A）tobefurtherstudiedB)stilldubiousC）selfevidentD）provenbyscientificresearch答案：D5。WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestTITLEforthepassage？A）AHappyJourney

58、FullofJoyB）ScientificEvidenceofStayingHealthyC）TheSecretsofStayingPositiveD）TheHealthBenefitsofStayingPositive答案：DHowisitthatdespiteouramazingpowersofproductiontherearestillhundredsofmillionsofpeopleallovertheearthincontinuouswantandpoverty，anddangerouslynearthebrinkofstarvation?Whatarethecausesofpo

59、verty?Everyoneisforcedtorealizeandrecognizeitsexistenceandnoonehasyetfoundacurefor。itEverythinkingmanhasrealizedthatpovertyandstarvationarenotinevitableintheschemeofthings。Onthecontrary,thefruitfulearthyieldsenoughforeveryoneofthehumanbeingsinhabitingitssurfacewithoutthetwisteddistributionofnaturesg

60、enerosity（大方)。Thistwistingiscausedbyourcrudeandilldevelopedideasofdistributionandtheimproperorderingofhumanservices.Inthefirstplace,theseservicescanbehinderedattheirsource,andamongthefactorsthatoperateinthisdirectionmaybewar,crime，lackofhealthysupervision，insufficientattentiontorisinggenerations，mon