医学科技论文英文摘要的写作课件

1、医学科技论文英文摘要的写作 Abstract Writing for Medical Research Papers南方医科大学学报 宋建武 This lecture does not intend to provide an all-inclusive instruction for abstract writing; rather, it serves as a guiding tour in the art of scientific writing, in which much remains to be explored by the audience themselves.摘要的作

2、用 (Why bother?)对研究内容和结果的高度概括突出体现论文中最重要的研究成果判断研究价值的最便捷手段科研论文最高效（很可能也是唯一的)宣传手段所以，一定要重视摘要的写作什么时候写摘要 （When）？在研究设计完成之后，摘要的主要框架就可以确定了；在写论文时先写摘要，并以之为框架扩展成全文。也可以在写完论文全文之后，对全文浓缩提炼而成。怎么写摘要 （How）？看文章的用途向刊物投稿：务必查阅刊物对摘要的格式要求（结构、篇幅限制）毕业论文：咨询摘要的格式和篇幅的下限会议论文：大体同刊物投稿，一般会有相应会议投稿说明英文摘要的结构: 结构式和非结构式非结构式 非结构式主要用于综述、基础医学

3、研究论文，但在国内，绝大多数期刊的基础医学论文同样使用结构式摘要。 非结构式摘要形式上更像一篇缩微的论文，概括反映全文的主体内容，能够清楚的反映研究的思路、亮点和创新性，但是写作上存在一定难度，随意性较大，容易造成重要信息的遗漏。结构式摘要经典的IMRAD架构，或称简明型结构式摘要：包含目的（Objective/Aim）、方法（Methods）、结果（Results）、结论（Conclusion）完全型结构式摘要，包含更多标题：研究背景（Background）目的（Objective/Aim）试验设计（Design）试验环境（Setting）病例（Patients）干预措施（Intervent

4、ion）主要观察指标（Main Outcome Measures）结果（Results）结论（Conclusion）研究缺陷(Limitation） Loci with confirmed association include HLA-C, three genes involved in IL-23 signaling (IL23A, IL23R, IL12B), two genes that act downstream of TNF-alpha and regulate NF-kappaB signaling (TNIP1, TNFAIP3) and two genes involved

5、 in the modulation of Th2 immune responses (IL4, IL13). Although the proteins encoded in these loci are known to interact biologically, we found no evidence for epistasis between associated SNPs. Our results expand the catalog of genetic loci implicated in psoriasis susceptibility and suggest priori

6、ty targets for study in other auto-immune disorders.结构式摘要BACKGROUND: Despite high annual rates of influenza in children, influenza vaccines are given to children infrequently. We measured the disease burden of influenza in a large cohort of healthy children in the Tennessee Medicaid program who were

7、 younger than 15 years of age. METHODS: We determined the rates of hospitalization for acute cardiopulmonary conditions, outpatient visits, and courses of antibiotics over a period of 19 consecutive years. Using the differences in the rates of these events when influenzavirus was circulating and the

8、 rates from November through April when there was no influenza in the community, we calculated morbidity attributable to influenza. There was a total of 2,035,143 person-years of observation. RESULTS: During periods when influenzavirus was circulating, the average number of hospitalizations for card

9、iopulmonary conditions in excess of the expected number was 104 per 10,000 children per year for children younger than 6 months of age, 50 per 10,000 per year for those 6 months to less than 12 months, 19 per 10,000 per year for those 1 year to less than 3 years, 9 per 10,000 per year for those 3 ye

10、ars to less than 5 years, and 4 per 10,000 per year for those 5 years to less than 15 years. For every 100 children, an annual average of 6 to 15 outpatient visits and 3 to 9 courses of antibiotics were attributable to influenza. In winter, 10 to 30 percent of the excess number of courses of antibio

11、tics occurred during periods when influenzavirus was circulating. 撰写摘要的基本原则准确 用词，表达 清楚 句子表达意思一定要足够清楚，避免复杂的长句简洁 减少一切不必要的描述规范 缩略语，术语名称，量和单位；合乎语法 使用的时态（一定要记住）背景 一般现在时目的 过去时态方法 过去时态结果 过去时态结论 一般现在时语态和人称的转化被动语态转化为主动语态时，常伴随人称变化Both genes were found coexpressed in the interdigital region of 12.5- and 13. 5-

12、day hindlimbs. We found coexpression of both genes in the interdigital region of 12.5- and 13. 5-day hindlimbs. We found that both genes coexpressed in the interdigital region of 12.5- and 13. 5-day hindlimbs.可通过变换动词避免人称变化The control animals were given saline alone. The control animals received sali

13、ne alone.The patients were examined by both CT and MRI.The patients underwent both CT and MRI examinations.但有些表达还是使用被动语态比较好The rats were sacrificed/decapitated to harvest the renal graft.We sacrificed/ decapitated/ killed the rats 有点残忍吧？摘要各部分的常用表达目的To investigate/ observe/ explore/ evaluate/ assess/

14、 determine/ identify/ understand/ compare/ validate/ improve 一般的论文，这些词足以应付The purpose of this study was to survey the incidence ofThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of This study sought to examine whether exenatide is capable of reducing myocardial infarct size. The aim of th

15、is study was to determine the potential anti-ATLL effects of I3C both in vitro and in vivo.Note：注意in this study与in this paper的区别，不可混用方 法 第三人称，被动句相对较多常用的动词进行某实验 perform/ carry out/ conduct a study/ experiment/ survey检查、检测、测定 examine, investigate, assay, measure, determine, test (不要用check), evaluate,

16、assess使用 use, employ (常被动), utilize分组 randomize, randomly divided/ allocated/ assigned into 例句：Reverse transcription was performed using specific primers. The total RNAs were extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.The expression of IL-12 mRNA in the transfected cells was identified by RT-

17、PCR.方法描述举例：原文： 48 adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: glucocorticoid group, Epimedium group and control group. 修改： Forty-eight adult SD rats were randomized into glucocorticoid group, Epimedium group and control group. 说明：句首不宜使用阿拉伯数字 原文：Human acute myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60 cel

18、ls were recovered and passage cultured with conventional methods, which were used until the cells enter the logarithmic phase. 修改：Human acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells in logarithmic (或exponential) growth were used. 说明：划线部分是常规操作，完全不必要 结 果尽量按方法中的自然顺序描述各种结果，考虑给出具体量值和统计指标值The expressions of MMP-2 an

19、d TIMP-1 significantly increased in the renal tissues of the patients as compared with the normal renal tissues (P0.05). The first peak value of GIP （葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素分泌多肽）occurred at 15 min after glucose load (45.094.67 pmol/L). After a brief decline, GIP continued to increase till reaching 59.6611.73 pmo

20、l/L at 120 min after the load. The expression rate of TCTP protein were 64.89% (61/94) in 94 human breast cancer tissues, and were significantly higher than that in normal benign mammary tissues (39.36%, P0.001). Overexpression of TCTP protein was positively correlated with tumor size, clinical stag

21、e, lymph node metastasis and grade of breast cancer (P0.05). The mean survival time of patient with positive expression of TCTP protein was shorter than that of negative expression (P0.001). 修改如下：The expression rate of TCTP was 64.89% in human breast cancer tissues, significantly higher than that in

22、 normal benign mammary tissues (39.36%, P0.001). TCTP overexpression was positively correlated to the tumor size, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and histological grade of breast cancer (P0.05). Patients with positive TCTP expression had a significantly shorter mean survival time than those wi

23、th negative expression (P0.001). 修改如下： Compared with the healthy controls, patients with gastric cancer had significantly increased plasma levels of ADA and AOPP (P0.05), decreased plasma GPX level (P0.05), and similar plasma SOD levels. The plasma levels of thioredoxin were significantly higher in

24、patients with gastric cancer than in the healthy controls (P0.05), but was correlated to distant tumor metastasis (P0.05). The expression of thioredoxin mRNA was significantly higher in gastric carcinoma than in normal gastric tissue (P0.05). Clear, shorter, and effective结 论结论必须有足够的研究数据支持，要根据研究的具体条件作出合理的结论，不能太宽泛，如从体外实验的结果不能推广到体内的情况；探讨动物实验结果的临床意义要非常谨慎。结论一般使用陈述句，一般现在时，讲究客观公正，没有太复杂的语言现象。Conclusion Early rhein (大黄酸) tre