2005-2016年历年考研英语一完形填空真题

1、.Thehuannoseisanunderratedtool.Huansareoftenthouhttobeinsensitivesmellerscoparedwithanials,1 thisislaelybecuse2anials,westandupriht.This meansthatournosesare3toperceiingthosesellswhichfloat throuhtheai4themajorityofsellswhichsticktosurfaces.nfact5,weareetremelysensitivetosmells,6wedonotenerallyreali

2、zeit.Ournosesarecapable of7huansellseen whentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.tranelsoepeple findthatthey cansell onetpeofflower butnotanothe9others aresensitietothesells of bothflowers.Thismaybebecusesoepeopledonothaetheenesnecessary toenerate10sellreceptorsinthe nose.Thesereceptorsarethecells

3、whichsensesmellsandsend1tothebrain.Howeeithasbeenfoundthateenpeople insensitivetoa certainsell12cansuddelybecoesensitivetoitwhen13toitoftenenoh.Theeplanation forinsensitivity tosmellseestobethatbrainfindsit4toeepallsmellreceptorsworingallthe timebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessarThis may16eplainwhyweare

4、notusuallysensitivetoourownsellswe simplydonotneedtobe.e arenot17oftheusulsellofourownhousebutwe18newsellswhenweisitsoeone elses.The brainfindsitbesttoeepsmellrecetors19forunfailiarandeerency sinals20thesmellofsoke,which mihtindicatethedaneroffire.1.Aalthouh Bas Cbut Dwhile2.Aaboe Bunlie Cecluding D

5、besides3.Alimited Bcomitted Cdedicated Dconfined4.Acatching Binoring Cissing Dtracking5.Aanway Bthouh Cinstead Dtherefore6.Aeenif Bifonly Conlyif Dasif7.Adistinuishing Bdiscoering Cdetermining Ddetecting8.Adiluted Bdissolved Cdeterining Ddifused9.Awhen Bsince Cfor Dwhereas1.Aunusual Bparticular Cuni

6、que Dtpical.Asins Bstimuli Cessaes Dimpulses1.Aatfirst Batall Catlae Dattimes1.Asubjected Bleft Cdrawn Deposed1.Ainefectie Bincopetent Cineficient Dinsuficient1.Aintroduce Bsumon Ctriger Dcreate1.Astill Balso Cotherwise Dneertheless1.Asure Bsick Caware Dtired1.Atolerate Brepel Cnelect Dnotice1.Aaail

7、able Breliable Cidentifiable Dsuitable2.Asimilarto Bsuchas Calongwith Dasidefrom.ThehoelessakeuparowingpercentaeofAmericaspoplation.1hoelessnesshasreachedsuchproportions thatlocaloernmentcantpossibly2.ohelphoelesspeople3indepedenc,the federalovernentustsupportjob trainingprorams,4theminimumwae,andfu

8、ndorelow-costhosin.5eeroneareesonthenubersofAericanswhoarehoeless.Estimates6anwherefrom600,000to3million.7 the fiure may aranlsts do aree on another matter:that the nuber of the hoeless is ,one of the federal overnmentsstudies9 thatthenuberofthehoelesswillreachnearly9millionbytheendofthisdecad.indin

9、gwasto10thisrowing hoelesspoulation hasbecoeincreasinly dificult.1whenhoelessindiiduals manaetofinda2thatwilliethemthree meals aday andaplace tosleepatniht,a oodnuberstillspedthebulk of eachday13thestreet.Part oftheprolemisthatmanyhoelessadultsareaddictedtoalcohol ordrus.Andasinificant nuberofthehoe

10、less haeseriousmental disorders.anyothers14notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeerday15sillsneededtoturntheirlives16.Boston GlobereporterChrisReedynotesthatthesituationwillimproeonlywhen thereare17proramsthatadressthemany needsofthehoeless.8EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcomunitysericeat BentleyCollee

11、inassachusetts,19it.Therehastobe20ofprorams.Whatweneedisapacaedeal.1.AIndeed BLikewise CTherefore Durthermore2.Astand Bcope Capproe Dretain3.Ain Bfor Cwith Dtoward4.Araise Badd Ctake Deep5.AGenerally BAlmost CHardly DNot6.Acoer Bchane Crane Ddifer7.ANowthat BAlthouh Crovided DEceptthat8.Ainflating B

12、epanding Cincreasing Detending9.Apredicts Bdisplas Cproes Ddiscoers1.Aassist Btrack Csustain Ddismiss.AHence BBut CEven DOnly1.Aloding Bshelter Cdwelling Dhouse1.Asearching Bstrolling Ccrowding Dwandering1.Awhen Bonce Cwhile Dwhereas1.Alife Beistence Csurial Dmaintenance1.Aaround Boer Con Dup1.Acopl

13、ex Bcoprehensie Ccoplementary Dcopensating1.ASo Bince CAs DThus1.Aputs Binterprets Cassues Dakes2.Asuperision Bmanipulation Creulation Dcoordination.By830theformerpanishandortuuesecolonieshadbecoeindepedentnations.Therouhly20million1of thesenationslooed2tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldreimeandIbe

14、rianColonialism,manyoftheleadersof indepedence3theidealsofrepresentatieovernment,careers4totalent,freedomofcomerceandtrade,the5topriate propertandabeliefintheindiidualasthebasisofsociet6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesoerein andindepedentstates,laeenohtobeeconicallyiableandinteratedbya 7set

15、oflaws.Ontheissueof8ofreliionandthepositionofthechurc,9,there waslessareement0theleadership.Roan Catholicism hadbeenthestatereliionandtheonlyone1bythepanishcrown12ostleaderssouhttomaintain Catholicism3theoficialreliionofthenewstates,some souhttoendthe14ofotherfaiths.The defense oftheChurch becaea ra

16、lling5fortheconserativeforces.Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindepedence wereoftenealitarian,aluing eqalityofeerthin.Bolivar had receiedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolish slaeryintheareas heliberated.By1854 slaeryhadbeen abolished eerwhereecept pains17colonies.EarlyproisestoendIndiantribute andtaeso

17、npeopleofiedoriin caeuch18becausethenewnationsstillneededthereenuesuchpolicies19.Ealitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfears thattheassofthepoplationwas20self-ruleanddeocrac.1.Anatives Binhabitants Cpeoples Dindividuals2.Aconfusely Bcheerfully Cworriedly Dhopfully3.Ashared Bfoot Cattained Drejected

18、4.Arelated Bclose Copen Ddeoted5.Aaccess Bsuccession Criht Dreturn6.Aresumable BIncidentally CObiously DGenerally7.Aunique Bcomon Cparticular Dtpical8.Afreedom Boriin Cimpact Dreform9.Atherefore Bhoweer Cindeed Dmoreoer1.Awith Babout Caong Dby.Aallowed Bpreached Cranted Dfunded1.ASince BIf CUnless D

19、While1.Aas Bfor Cuner Daainst1.Aspread Binterference Ceclusion Dinfluence1.Asupport Bcry Cplea Dwish1.Aued Bintended Cepected Dproised1.Acontrolling Bforer Creaining Doriinal1.Aslower Bfaster Ceasier Dtouher1.Acreated Bproducd Ccontributed Dpreferred2.Apuzledby Bhostileto Cpessiisticabout Dunpreared

20、for.Theidea thatsoeroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintellientthanothers isone ofthose hpothesesthatdarenotspeak itsnae.ButGreoryCochranis1tosayitanwaHeisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworsindepedently 3any institution.He helpedpoplarizetheideathatsoediseasesnot4thouhttohaeabacterialcausewereactually infections,whicha

21、rousedmuchcontroersywhenitwasfirstsuested.5he,hweeiht trembleatthe6ofwhatheisabottodo.etherwithanothertwoscientists,heispulishinga paperwhichnotonly7thatoneroupofhuanityisoreintellientthantheothers,buteplainstheprocessthathas brouhtthisabout.Theroupin8areaparticularpepleoriinatedfromcentralEurope.Th

22、eprocessis naturalselection.ThisroupenerallydowellinQtest,912-5pointsaboethe10alueof100,and haecontributed 1tothe intellectualandculturallifeofthest,asthe2oftheirelites,includingseeralworldrenownedscientists,3heyalso sufermoreoftenthanostpeolefromanuberofnastyeneticdiseases,such asbreastcanceThesefa

23、cts,14ae preiouslybeenthouhtunrelated.The forerhasbeen15socialefects,suchasastrongtraditionof6ucation.Thelatter wasseenasaan17eneticisolation.DCochransueststhattheintellience anddiseasesareintimately18 isaumentis thattheunsualhistoryofthesepeolehas19emtouniqueeolutionarypressuresthathaeresultedinthi

24、s20ateof afairs.1.Aselected Bprepared Coblied Dpleased2.Aunique Bparticular Cspecial Drare3.Aof Bwith Cin Daainst4.Asubsequntly Bpresently Cpreiously Dlately5.AOnly Bo CEven DHence6.Athouht Bsiht Ccost Drisk7.Aadises Bsuests Cprotests Dobjects8.Aproress Bfact Cneed Dquestion9.Aattaining Bscoring Cre

25、aching Dcalculating1.Anormal Bcomon Cean Dtotal.Aunconsciosly Bdisproportionately Cindefinitely Dunaccuntably1.Amissions Bfortunes Cinterests Dcareers1.Aafirm Bwitness Cobsere Dapproe1.Amoreoer Btherefore Choweer Dmeanwhile1.Aivenup Botoer Ccarriedon Dputdown1.Aassessing Bsuperising Cadinistering Da

26、luing1.Adeelopment Boriin Cconseuence Dinstrument1.Alinked Binterated Cwoen Dcobined1.Alimited Bsubjected Cconerted Ddirected2.Aparadoical Bincopatible Cineitable Dcontinuos.Research onanialintelliencealwasakesewondrjusthowsarthuansare.1thefruit-flyeperiments describedinCarlZimmerspieceintheciencees

27、onsdaruitflieswhoweretauhttobesmarterthanthe aeraefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissueststhat3bulbsburnlonetat thereisan4innotbeingtooterrifically briht.Intellience,it 5,isahih-pricedoption.ttaesmoreupeep,burs morefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseit depedsonlearnin-a7processinstead ofinstinct.Plen

28、ty ofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethinstheve apparetlylearnedis whento.Isthereanadaptiealueto9intellience?Thats thequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastinga wistfullance10atallthespeciesweveleftinthedust.Q.-wise,it iplicitly asswhatthereal1ofourownintellience mihtbe.Thisis 12t

29、hemindofeeryanialve eermet.Researchonanialintelliencealsoakesewonderwhateperimentsanialswould3onhuansiftheyhadthe chanc.Eerycatwithanowne1,isrunningasmall scalestudyinoperantconditionin.ebelieethat15anialsran thelabs,theywouldtestusto6thelimitsofourpatience,orfaithfulness,ouremoryforterrain.Theywoul

30、dtrytodecide whatintellience inhuansisreally7,notmerelyhowuchofitthereis.18,they wouldhopetostudya19question:Are huansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein20theresultsareinconclusie.1.Auppose BConsider CObsere DImaine2.Atended Bfeared Chappned Dthreatened3.Athinner Bstabler Clihter Ddimer4.Atendency Bad

31、antae Cinclination Dpriority5.Ainsistson Bsusup Cturnsout Dputsforward6.Aof Bbehind Coer Dalong7.Aincredible Bspontanous Cineitable Dradual8.Afiht Bdoubt Cstop Dthink9.Ainisible Blimited Cindefinite Ddiferent1.Aupward Bforward Cafterward Dbacward.Afeatures Binfluences Cresults Dcosts1.Aoutside Bon C

32、by Dacross1.Adeliver Bcarry Cperform Dapply1.Abychance Bincontrast Casusual Dforinstance1.Aif Bunless Cas Dlest1.Amoderate Boercome Cdetermine Dreach1.Aat Bfor Cafter Dwith1.AAboeall BAfterall CHoweer DOtherwise1.Afundaental Bcoprehensie Cequialent Dhostile2.AByaccidnt BIntime Cofar DBetterstill.In1

33、924 AmericasNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoenineerstosuperiseaseriesofindustrialeperimentsata laetelephoneparts factorycalledtheHawthornelantnearChicao.Ithoedtheywouldlearnhowstopfloorlihting worersprodctivitnstead,thestudiesenddiingtheirnaetotheHawthorneefect,theetreelyinfluentialidea thattheerytobe

34、ingeperimenteduponchanedsubjectsbehaio.TheideaarosebecauseofthebehaiorofthewoenintheHawthorneplant.According tooftheeperiments,their hourlyoutptrosewhenlihtingwasincreased,ut alsowhenitwasdimmed.tdidnotwhatwasdoneinthe eperiment;somethingwaschaned,productiityrose.Athattheywerebeingeperimenteduponsee

35、edtobetoalter worersbehaioritself.Afterseeraldecdes,thesaedataweretoeconetrictheanalsis.Hawthorneeperimentshasanothersurprise storethedescriptionsonrecordnosstematicwasfoundthatleelsofprodutivitywererelatedtochaesinlihtin.Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconucting theeperimentsmaybehaelettointerpretation

36、ofwhathappd.,lihting wasalwaschaedonaundaWhenworkstartedaainonondaoutptrosecoparedwiththepreiousaturday and17toriseforthenetcopleofdas.,acoparisonwithdataforweeswhentherewasnoeperimentationshowed thatoutputalwaswentuponondaworerstobedilientforthefirstfewdasoftheweekinanycase,befreaplateau andthensla

37、ceningofThissueststhatthealleedHawthorneefectishardtopindown.1.Aafected Bachieed Cetracted Drestored2.Aat Bup Cwith Dof3.Atruth Bsiht Cact Dproof4.Acontroersial Bperpleing Cmischievous Dambiuous5.Arequireents Beplanations Caccouts Dassessments6.Aconclude Bmatter Cindicate Dwork7.Aasfaras Bforfeartha

38、t Cin casethat Dsolongas8.Aawareness Bepectation Csentiment Dillusion9.Asuitable Becessive Cenouh Dabunant1.Aabout Bfor Con Dby.Acopared Bshown Csubjected Dconeed1.Acontraryto Bconsistentwith Cparallelwith Dpeculiarto1.Aeidence Buidance Cimplication Dsource1.Adisputable Benlihtening Creliable Dmisle

39、ading1.AIncontrast Boreample CInconseuence DAsusual1.Aduly Baccidentally Cunpredictably Dsuddely1.Afailed Bceased Cstarted Dcontinued2.Abreaing Bclimbing Csurpassing Dhitting.Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as a bodily exercise precious to health. But -_1_some claims to the contr

40、ary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does _2_short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, _3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to _4_, a good laugh is unlikely to have _5_ benefits the way, say, wa

41、lking or jogging does._6_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _7_, studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter_8_ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conc

42、eivably help _9_the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _10_ feedback, that improve an individuals emotional state. _11_one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted _12_ physical reactions. It was argued at the end o

43、f the 19th century that humans do not cry _13_they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also _14_ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15_ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wrz

44、burg in Germany asked volunteers to _16_ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips, which would produce a _17_ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles _18_ more exuberantly to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in

45、 a frown, _19_ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. _20_ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.Aaong Becept Cdespite Dlike2.Areflect Bdeand Cindicate Dproduce3.Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddetermining4.Atransmit Bsustain Cealuate Dobsere5

46、.Ameasurable Bmanaeable Cafordale Drenewable6.AInturn BInfact CInaddition DInbrief7.Aopposite Bimpossible Caerae Depected8.Ahardens Bweaens Ctihtens Drelaxes9.Aaravate Benerate Cmoderate Denhnce1.Aphsical Bmental Csubcnscious Dinternal.AExceptfor BAccordingto CDueto DAsfor1.Awith Bon Cin Dat1.Aunles

47、s Buntil Cif Dbecause1.Aehausts Bfollows Cpreceds Dsuppresses1.Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeond1.Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold1.Adisappointed Becited Cjoful Dindiferent1.Aadapted Bcatered Cturned Dreacted1.Asuesting Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing2.AEventually BConseqently Cimilarly DConersely.1.Arants Bsub

48、its Ctransmits Ddelivers2.Aminor Bobjectie Ccrucial Deternal3.Aissue Bision Cpicture Deternal4.Aoreample BOnaerae Cnprinciple DAboeall5.Afond Bfearful Ccapble Dthouhtless6.Ain Bon Cto Dfor7.Aif Buntil Cthouh Dunless8.Aproote Bemphasie Cshare Dsuccess9.Adecision Bquality Cstatus Dsuccess1.Achosen Bst

49、udied Cfound Didentified.Aeceptional Bdefensible Creplaceable Dotherwise1.Ainspired Bepressed Cconucted Dsecured1.Aassined Brated Cmatched Darraned1.Aput Bot Cave Dtook1.Ainstead Bthen Ceer Drather1.Aselected Bpassed Cmared Dintroduced1.Abefore Bafter Caboe Dbelow1.Ajump Bfloat Cdrop Dfluctuate1.Aac

50、hiee Bundo Cmaintain Ddisreard2.Apromising Bpossible Cnecessary Dhelpful.Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used

51、to be. We suddenly cant remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintances name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as senior moments. 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a 4 impact on our pro

52、fessional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that theres actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cogni

53、tive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and flu

54、ctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first brain training program designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 1

55、6 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developingmuch like a 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.Awhere Bwhen

56、 Cthat Dwhy2.Aimproes Bfades Crecoers Dcollapses3.AIf BUnless COnce DWhile4.Auneen Blimited Cdaaing Dobscure5.Awelleing Benironent Crelationship Doutlook6.Aturns Bfinds Cpoints Dfiures7.Aroundaouts Bresposes Cworouts Dassociations8.Aenre Bfunctions Ccircustances Dcriterion9.Achannl Bconition Csequec

57、e Dprocess1.Apersist Bbeliee Cecel Dfeature.ATherefore Boreover COtherwise DHoweer1.Aaccordingto Breardlessof Capartfrom Dinsteadof1.Aback Bfurther Caside Daround1.Asharpness Bstability Cframework Dfleibility1.Aforces Breinds Churries Dallows1.Ahold Btrack Corder Dpace1.Ato Bwith Cfor Don1.Airreular

58、ly Bhabitually Cconstantly Dunusually1.Acarry Bput Cbuild Dtake2.Arisky Befectie Cidle DfamiliarThough not biologically related, friends are as related as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .Whi