2022年6月英语四级真题听力原文及翻译(第二套)

1、2022年6月英语四级真题听力原文及翻译其次套）Youprobablythinkcollegestudentsareexpertsatsleeping.你可能会认为大学生是睡眠大师，Butparties,preparationsfortests,personalproblemsandgeneralstresscanwreckastudentns sleephabits,whichcanbebadforthebodyandthemind.然而聚会、备考、个人问题以及各种压力都在破坏着他们的睡眠习惯，这给他们的身心带来了很 坏的影响。TexasTechUniversityisevenofferin

2、gaclasscallednImprovingYourSleepHabitsr 得克萨斯理工大学甚至开设了一门名为改善你的睡眠习惯的课程。Peoplesufferingfromsleeplossareaddingincreasedriskfromobesity.psychologicalproblems andcarcrashes.被失眠困扰的人消灭肥胖或心理问题的可能性更高，被卷入车祸大事的几率更大。Studentswhodonntgetenoughsleephavepoorerattendanceandlowergrades.缺乏睡眠的学生出勤率偏低，成绩相对较差。On top of al

3、l that, a new study published in the journal Learning & Memory finds you are probablybetteroffsleepingthanmakinglast -minutepreparationsforatest.除此之外，一份登载在学习与记忆日报上的争辩觉察睡觉比临时抱佛脚更有可能得到好结果。Twohundredcollegekidsweretaughttoplaysomeunfamiliarvideogames.200名大学生被指导如何玩一款他们不生疏的视频玩耍。Subjects who learned the g

4、ames in the morning lost some skills when they played again 12 hourslater.buttheydidmuchbetteraftergettingagoodnightsleep.早上学习玩耍的一些学生12小时后再次玩时遗忘了一些学过的技能，但是他们在晚上得到充 分的睡眠之后其次天玩得更好了。So,ifyoureallywanttodoyourjobweltdonHtforgettogetsomesleep.所以，假设你想做好一份工作，不要忘了睡眠的重要性。Questionsland2arebasedonthenewsreport

5、youhavejustheard.请依据你刚听到的内容答复以下问题l-2oQuestionl.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?问题L闻报道的主要内容是什么？Question2.WhatisthefindingofthenewstudypublishedinthejournalLearning&Memory?问题2：登载在学习与记忆日报上的争辩觉察了什么？Longqueues.delayedflightsandovercrowdingatairportshavebecomealmostasmuchatopic forconversationinBritainasth

6、etraditionalcomplainingabouttheweather.在英国，对乘飞机时排长队、推迟航班、机场拥挤的埋怨消灭在人们对话中的频率已经快要赶超 他们长期以来的吐槽对象一一坏天气了。Meanwhile,therearecomplaintsthatpoorserviceatLondonHsmajorairportsisdiscouraging foreignersfromdoingbusinessinBritain.同时，还有人指责伦敦几个主要机场糟糕的效劳使得外国人越来越不情愿来英国做生意。Much of the criticism is directed at the Br

7、itish Airports Authority, which runs seven major airportsjncludingthethreemainonesservingLondon.众多指责的焦点是英国机场治理局。该机构运营着七家大型机场，其中三家在伦敦。The Competition Commission is now to investigate whether the British Airports Authorityneedstoselloffsomeofitsassets.目前竞争委员会将对英国机场治理局进展调查，调查旨在确定英国机场治理局是否需要将其局 部资产出售。Th

8、eideaisthatcompetitionbetweenrivaloperatorswouldleadtobetterserviceatairports.其目的是通过加强竞争来推动机场效劳质量的提升。TheBritishAirportsAuthorityrecentlyboughtbyaSpanishcompany, 最近被一家西班牙公司收购的英国机场治理局，says the root cause of the problem is not the ownership structure but a lack of runway and terminalcapacity,表示问题的根源不在于

9、产权构造而在于跑道和航空站容客量缺乏， whichitisaddressingthroughaprogramofheavyinvestment.而他们正在投巨资解决这一问题。Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.请依据你刚听到的内容答复以下问题3-4oQuestion3.WhatistheCompetitionCommissiongoingtoinvestigate?问题3：竞争委员会将对什么开放调查？Question 4. What is the root cause of the poor service at Brit

10、ish airports according to the BritishAirportsAuthority?问题 4：英国机场治理局认为导致英国机场效劳质量差的根源问题是什么？Underthe lawinMassachusetts.tobaccocompanieshave tomeasure the nicotine contentof everytypeofcigaretteandreporttheresults.马萨诸塞州法律规定，烟草公司必需测量并公布其各类香烟中的尼古丁含量。TheDepartmentofPublicHealthinBostongathersandcarefullye

11、xaminesthefiguresandthen drawsitsconclusion.波士顿公共卫生部会收集并认真审查这些数据，最终进展总结。Ahundredandsixteenbrandswerelookedatforthestudy.承受审查的香烟品牌共有116个。Ninetytwowerefoundtohavehighernicotineyieldsthantheydidsixyearspreviously.其中有92个品牌香烟中尼古丁含量高于6年前。Thebiggestincreasestendedtobeinbrandsthatwerepopularwithyoungsmokers

12、.而增福最大的是受年轻人宠爱的品牌。Thatworriesthedepartmentbecauseoftheaddictivenatureofnicotine.这令卫生部感到担忧，由于尼古丁是一种能让人上瘾的物质。StandGlance,aprofessorofmedicineinSanFrancisco.explainswhy:旧金山的医学教授斯坦德格兰斯解释了缘由：Theamountofnicotinethatisdeliveredineverycigaretteistenpercenthigherthanitwassix yearago,“现在产出香烟中尼古丁的含量相较六年前增长了 10

13、%, whichmeansthatiseasiertogethookedandhardertoquit.这就意味着人们会更简洁上瘾，戒烟也会更加困难。Thebigtobaccocompanieshavealwaysinsistedthattheyarefrankwiththeircustomersabout thedangersofsmokingandprovidethemwithenoughdetailtomakeaninformeddecision.那些大的烟草公司始终以来宣称他们对抽烟的危害始终坦诚布公，并为顾客供给了足够信息， 让他们在知情的状况下做出购置打算。However, non

14、e of them were prepared to comment on this study or discuss the detailed nicotinecontentoftheirproducts/然而却没有一家公司预备对这一调查作出评论，或者针对他们产品中具体的尼古丁含量进展争 辩。Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.请依据你刚听到的内容答复以下问题5-7oQuestion5.WhatdotobaccocompanieshavetodounderthelawinMassachusetts?问题5：马萨储塞州法律对

15、烟草公司做出了什么规定？Question6.WhatdowelearnfromthestudybytheDepartmentofPublicHealthinBoston?问题6：从波士顿公共卫生部的争辩中我们可以知道什么？Question7.Whatdowelearnfromthenewsreportaboutthebigtobaccocompanies?问题7：从这那么闻报道中我们对大烟草公司有哪些了解？M: And you know one thing that I wanted to ask you. It is great that you have had this experien

16、ceofteachinginlndonesiaandfollowinguponwhatyoujustmentioned,whatwould yourecommendforstudentswhodonotliveinanEnglish -speakingcountry?And,youknow, they want to learn. I dont know about perfecting but they want at least to be able to communicatedecently.Howcantheygoaboutthis?男士：有一件事我想问你。你能有去印尼教学以及后边你

17、提到的经受很好，但是对于那些不是 生活在英语国家的学生你有什么建议。我不是说要到达完善的水平，至少能够做到无障碍沟通。他 们怎样才能做到呢？W: Yeah,itisreallyhard.ThatstherealstrugglebecauserightnowIdoliveinHollandbutI reallydonHtsocializemuchwithDutchpeople.AndmyboyfriendHsEnglishissogoodthatwe justbasicallyspeakEnglishallthetime.SoIhavetomakearealefforttopractice.Th

18、erensas muchlisteningexposureasIwant.AHIhavetodoisturnontheTV.女士：是的，这确实很难。这是个问题，由于虽然我现在住在荷兰，但是我几乎不和荷兰人来 往。而且我男朋友的英语实在太好了，我们根本上都用英语沟通。所以我不得不刻意地去练习。我 能够获得的听力资源很充分，只要翻开电视就可以。M: Andreadingalso,right?男士：还有阅读，对吗？W: Yeah,reading.Therensplentylcangettoreadandlistento.Butforspeaking,therereallyis nosubstitut

19、efortryingtospeakandusethelanguageinarelaxedatmosphere.SoIthinkthatis reallythechallengeforpeoplewholiveinacountrywheretheirtargetlanguageisntspoken.Andforthat,gosh,whatwouldIdo?IfIdidnHthavepeoplehere,probablytrytofindaclub?InSweden,they have a really cool system called study circles where not.ItHs

20、 like a course, butreallyyoujusthaveacourseleader.whoisthere.sortotasacoachingguideandtohelpout.AndyoudonHtgetgrade,andyougojustbecauseyouwanttolearn.对，阅读。我能找到的阅读和听力资料很多。但是至于“说，没有什么比能够让人放松地应用 语言的环境更抱负了。所以我认为对于生活在不讲其目标语国家的语言学习者来说，这是真正的 挑战。针对这种状况，天哪，我会怎么做呢？假设我身边没有人帮我练习，或许我会去找俱乐 部？在瑞典有一种叫做“学习圈的组织。它就像一种

21、语言班，有班领导，像指导员一样帮助我 们。但是不会有评分，大家去那里全靠兴趣。Questions8tollarebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.请依据你刚听到的内容答复8-11题。Question8.Wheredoesthewomanliverightnow?问题8：女士现在住在哪里？Question9.Whatdoesthewomansayistherealchallenge?问题9：女士说真正的挑战是什么？QuestionlO.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoingtolearntospeakaforeignlanguage?

22、关于学习“说”外语，女士给出了什么建议？Questionll.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutthestudycirclesinSweden?问题11：关于瑞典的“学习圈女士说了什么？W: OK,Nathan.SowearetalkingaboutdrivingandarethereanyrulesorregulationsthatyouHd liketochange?女士：南森，我们正在争辩关于开车的话题，你有没有想要改的交通规章呢？M: rmnotsurelwanttochangerules.Butrdlikethepolicetobestricterontherules.

23、Likeif peoplejumpthetrafficlightsJdonntknowwhythereisnHtacameraatthetrafficlightstostop peopledoingthat.Orlikespeeding.Itisveryeasytoputspeedcamerasincertainplaces.男士：需不需要改交通规章我说不好。但是我期望警察执法能够更严格一些。比方，为什么不 在交通灯杆上安装监控摄像机来防止人们闯红灯呢？或者在把握超速驾驶方面，在一些地方安 装超速监控也很简洁啊。W: Maybe car manufacturers should have so

24、me responsibility in limiting the power of their engines.Whatsthepointinproducinganenginethatisbigandpowerfulenoughtogolike200 km/hwhenthespeedlimitisonlylOO?女士：或许汽车生产厂商也应当在把握引擎马力方面出一份力。假设车速限制是100千米每小时，那么生产马力能到达200千米每小时的引擎又有何用呢？M: Right.ButdoyouknowtherearenospeedlimitsinGermany?男士：对。但是你知道吗？德国没有车速限制

25、。W: Peopletheredodriveresponsibly,though.Often,peoplebreaklawssimplybecausethelawsare there.Ifthe lawisnntthere,people willdrive within theirabilityrange.Whenyouve got speedlimit.thiscreatessituationthatactuallypresentsdangersontheroad.女士：但是那里的人们驾车时很有责任感。人们做出违法的事往往是由于法律的存在。假设没 有法律，人们都会量力而行。设定了限速，反而导

26、致了大路上一些危急状况的发生。M: DoyouthinkGermanshavebettereducationaboutpersonalresponsibilitywhendriving?男士：你认为德国人对驾车责任感方面的培育比中国人要好吗？W: Possibly.Theyalsohaveverygoodcars.女士：有可能。而且他们的汽车也很好。M: Right.男士：对。W: Ifyouvegotagoodcarthatcangoathighspeed,thenitsreallynicetodothat.女士：假设你的车很好，引擎驱动力充分，那么高速驾驶的感觉会很好。M: Butstil

27、lwithcare.男士：但是仍旧要慎重。W: Solthinkitistherestrictionthatcreatesthedangerssometimes.女士：所以我觉得正正这些制度导致了危急状况的发生。M:0K.男士：好吧。W: Obviously,whendrivingthrougharesidentialareaorwherethereisaschootyouvegotto havespeedpoliceman.女士：固然，居民区和校区这类地方需要设置减速设施。M: Speedbumps.男土：减速带。W: Yes,speedbumps,thosespeedbumpsthatfo

28、rceyoutoslowdown.Ithinktheyregoodidea. 女士：对，减速带，它能迫使车辆减速。我觉得这个东西很好。M: Soyoudontthinkfiningpeopleisuseful?男士：那你觉得罚款没有用喽？W: Notreally,becausethepolicedonthavetimetopoliceeverysingledriver.女士：用处不大，由于警察没有时间对全部的司机进展一一监管。Questionsl2tol5arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.请依据你刚听到的内容答复12-15题。12.Whatar

29、ethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?.说话者争辩的主要内容是什么？13.Whatdoesthewomanthinkcarmanufacturerscoulddo?.女士认为汽车生产商能够做什么？14.WhatcanwelearnaboutpeopledrivinginGermany?.对于人们在德国的驾车状况我们了解了什么？15.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthepolicefiningdrivers?.女士对惩罚司机的警察有什么看法？BehindthecashregisteratastoreindowntownSanFranciscoSamAzar

30、swipedhiscreditcard topayforapackofcigarettes.旧金山市中心的一家商店收银处，山姆阿扎正在用信用卡支付一包香烟的钱。Thestorenscardreaderfailedtoscanthecardnsmagneticstrip.Azartriedagainandagain.N oluck.商店的读卡器无法识别他卡上的词条，阿扎试了又试，总是不行。Ascustomersbegantoqueue,Mr.Azarreachedbeneaththecounterforablackplasticbag.眼看顾客们开头排队，阿扎在收银台后面拿出了一个黑色的塑料袋。

31、Hewrappedonelayeroftheplasticaroundthecardandtriedagain.Success.他把卡用一层塑料包起来然后有刷了一次，这次成功了。Thesalewascompleted/Idontknowhowitworks.Itjustdoes/saidMr.Azarwholearnedthe trickfromanotherclerk.交易完成了。阿扎先生说：我不知道其中的原理。但是就是行得通。这是他从一名其他员工 那里学来的小窍门。Verifonethecompanythatmakesthestorescardreaderwouldnotconfirmor

32、denythatthe plasticbagtrickworked.这家商店读卡机的生产商，惠尔丰，对这种塑料袋技巧的成效不置可否。But its one of many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures that people without engineering degreeshavediscoveredoftenoutofdesperation , andshared.生活中很多非专业人士在无望时觉察一些毫无技术含量但却能抑制高科技问题的窍门，并与他 人共享。这只是其中之一。Todaysshakyeconomyislikelytoproduce

33、manymoresuchtricks.如今不稳定的经济可能会催生更多这种小窍门。“Inpost -warjapan,theeconomywasntdoingsogreatsoyoucouldntgeteveryday -useitems likehouseholdcleaners/“战后日本经济不景气，所以人们买不到一些日用器具，比方家用清洁器。says Lisa Katayama, author of Urawaza, a book named after the Japanese term for clever lifestyletipsandtricks.裹技的作者片山丽萨说。“裹技”在

34、日语中是聪明的生活贴士和技巧的意思。Sopeoplelookedforwaystodowithwhattheyhad/“所以人们就会用现有的东西想方法。”Today,Americansarefindingtheirowntipsandtricksforfixingmalfunctioningdeviceswithsuppliesassimpleaspaperandglue.现在，美国人也开头觉察一些能够用纸和胶水之类的简洁材料解决机器故障的窍门了。Some,likeMr.AzarHsplasticbag,areopentoargumentastohowtheyworkorwhetherthey

35、 reallyworkatall.其中一些和阿扎先生包塑料袋的窍门一样，其工作原理和成效饱受争议。Butmanytechhomeremediescanbeexplainedbyalittlescience.但很多“丹方”是可以用科学解释的。Questionsl6tol8arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.请依据你刚听到的内容答复16-18题。Questionl6.WhathappenedwhenSamAzarswipedhiscreditcardtopayforhispurchase?问题16：山姆阿扎购物后用信用卡支付时遇到了什么问题？Questionl

36、7.HowdidSamAzarmanagetocompletethesale?问题17：山姆阿扎是如何完成交易的？Questionl8.WhatistodayHsshakyeconomylikelytodo?问题18：如今不稳定的经济会带来什么？Ifyouareagraduatestudent,youmaydependonyouradviserformanythings,假设你是一名争辩生，那么你会在很多方面需要导师的帮助，including help with improving grades, acquiring financial support, forming an examinin

37、gcommitteeandgettinglettersofrecommendation.包括提高成绩、申请助学资金、组建审核委员会以及写推举信。Ifyouareagraduateteachingassistant,youradviseralsomaybeyournbossn.而假设你是争辩生助教，那么你的导师也就是你的老板”了。Academic departments vary in their procedures for assigning academic advisers to graduate students.各个学术院系为争辩生安排导师的机制不同。Insomedepartment

38、s.eitherthechairmanorthedirectorofgraduatestudiesservesforatleast thefirstsemesterasanewstudentadviser.在一些院系，系主任至少要在生的第一学期担当导师。Thenstudentsselectanadviser;basedonsharedacademicinterests.之后，学生依据学术兴趣选择导师。In other departments, a new student is assigned a faculty adviser based on some system of distribu

39、tionofthedepartmentHsnadvisingloadn.另外一些院系那么有某种导师安排体系，这种体系的安排原那么以“指导量”为根底。Later.studentsmayhavetheopportunityofselectingtheadviserthattheyprefer.之后，学生可以依据自己的喜好选择导师。Inanycase.newgraduatestudentscanlearnwhotheiradvisersortemporaryadvisersareby visitingoremailingthedepartmentalofficeandaskingfortheinfo

40、rmation.无论属于以上哪种导师安排状况，生都可以通过访问院系办公室或给院系办公室发邮件询问导 师或者临时导师的信息。Graduationrequirementsspecifythenumberofcreditsyoumustearn,毕业要求中写明白你需要修的学分总数、theminimumgradepointaverageyoumustachieveandthedistributionofcreditsyoumust havefromamongdifferingdepartmentsorfieldsofstudy.必需取得的平均学分绩点的下限、以及在各院系或学科需修学分的分布状况。In

41、addition.itis necessarytoapplyfor graduation when younearthattimethatyouwillbe completingyourgraduationrequirements.另外，你的各项指标马上到达毕业要求前，你必需向学校申请毕业。Sincegraduationrequirementsvaryamongdivisionsoftheuniversity.youshouldconsultthe Bulletinoflnformation.由于大学各科系的毕业要求不同，你需要查阅信息手册。Youshouldalsodirectyourque

42、stionstoyourdepartmentalofficeoracademicadviser.你还应当就这些问题向系办公室或学业导师请教。Questionsl9to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.请依据刚刚听到的内容答复19-21题。Questionl9.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheproceduresforassigningacademicadvisers?问题19：关于导师安排流程说话人都说了什么内容？Question20.Howcannewgraduatestudentslearnwhotheiradviser

43、sare?问题20：争辩生可以从哪里得悉其导师是谁？Question21.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutgraduationrequirements?问题21：关于毕业要求说话人都说了什么？JodyHubbardisadietandnutritionexpertwhotravelsaroundthestatetospeakinmiddleand highschools.乔迪哈伯德是一位饮食养分专家，她经常到本州各所初高中学校去做演讲。Sheprimarilyspeakstostudentsinhealthclasses.butsometimestheschoolwilla

44、rrangefor hertospeaktoseveraldifferentgroupsofgirls.最开头她是在安康课上给学生们讲，但是有时候学校会安排她给几类特别的女学生讲。HerbiggestconcernistheemphasisAmericancultureplacesonthinnessandthenegativeway thataffectsgirlstoday.她最大的担忧是美国社会对瘦的重视以及这对现在女学生带来的负面影响。JodyhasaPh.D.innutritionbut.moreimportantshehaspersonalexperience.乔迪获得了养分学博士学位，但更重要的是她的个人阅历。Hermothertaughthertodietwhenshewasonly8ye