工程项目中成本控制Project-Cost-Control

1、Project Cost Control序言:本文主要论述工程项目中成本把握问题.就成本把握原则、措施、方法和意义进行分析。作者：thinkerIntroductionProjectiscorporateimagewindowandbenefitofthesource。Withincreasingly fierce market competition, the quality of work and the construction ofcivilizations rising material prices fluctuations. Uncertainties and other fac

2、tors, makethe project operational in a relatively tough environment 。 So the cost of control isthrough the building of the project since the bidding phase of acceptance until thecompletion of the entire process, It is a comprehensive enterprise cost management an介绍important part，we must organize and

3、 control measures in height to the attention withaview to improving the economic efficiencyof enterprises to achieve the purpose。介绍度留意为了提高企业经济效益的实现这一目标。度留意为了提高企业经济效益的实现这一目标。Outlining the Construction Project Cost ControlThe cost of the project refers to the cost and process of formation occurred ， o

4、nthe production and operation of the amount of human resources, material resources and expenses， guidance, supervision， regulation and restrictions， in a timely概述了施工项目成本把握manner to prevent ， detect and correct errors in order to control costs in all project costs within the intended target, to guara

5、ntee the production and operation ofenterprisesbenefits。概述了施工项目成本把握这个项目的成本是指成本和形成的过程发生，在生产和操作的数量的人力资源、物质资源和费用、指这个项目的成本是指成本和形成的过程发生，在生产和操作的数量的人力资源、物质资源和费用、指导、监督、监管和限制,准时预防、发觉和订正错误为了把握成本在全部项目成本在预定目标,保证企业的导、监督、监管和限制,准时预防、发觉和订正错误为了把握成本在全部项目成本在预定目标,保证企业的Construction Enterprise Cost Control Principle施工企业成

6、本把握的原则Construction enterprises control the cost of control is based on cost control of construction project for the center， construction of the project cost control principle is the enterprise cost management infrastructure and the core ， construction Project Manager in the Ministry of Construction

7、of the project cost control process， we mustadhereto the following basic principles施工企业成本把握的原则理基础设施和核心，建设项目经理在建设部的项目成本把握的过程，我们必需遵循以下基本原则。理基础设施和核心，建设项目经理在建设部的项目成本把握的过程，我们必需遵循以下基本原则。(a) Principles lowest cost。 Construction of the project cost control, the basicpurpose is to cost management through var

8、ious means, promote construction projects continue to reduce costs， to achieve the lowest possible cost of the objectiverequirements。 The implementation of the principle of minimum cost, attention should be given to the possibility of reducing costs and reasonable cost of the minimum。 While various

9、mining capacity to reduce costs so that possibility into（一）原则成本最低。建设项目成本把握的基本目的是成本管理通过各种途径，促进建设项目连续降低成reality； the other must proceed from actual conditions ， enacted subjective effortscould achieve a reasonable level of the minimum cost.（一）原则成本最低。建设项目成本把握的基本目的是成本管理通过各种途径，促进建设项目连续降低成本，以达到尽可能低的成本的客观要

10、求。实现原理的最低成本，需留意的可能性降低成本和合理的成本最本，以达到尽可能低的成本的客观要求。实现原理的最低成本，需留意的可能性降低成本和合理的成本最到合理水平的最低成本。到合理水平的最低成本。（b） Overall cost control principles. Cost Management is a comprehensiveenterprisewide and full management of the entire process, also known asthe ”three of management. The full project cost control is a

11、 system of substantive content, including the departments， the responsibility for the network and team economic accounting, and so on； to prevent the cost control is everybodysresponsibility， regardless of everyone. Project cost of the entire process controlrequirements to control its costs with the

12、 progress of construction projects in various neither overlooked nor time when，should enable constructionprojects throughout costs under effective control。（b理。整个项目成本把握是一个系统的实质性内容,包括部门,负责网络和团队经济核算，等等；防止成本把握续,既不被忽视，也没有时间时，应使建设项目遍布成本进行有效把握。Dynamic Control principle。 Construction of the project is a one

13、time, costcontrol should emphasize control of the project in the middle， that is， dynamic control。 Construction preparation stage because the cost is under the control of constructiondesigntodeterminethespecificcontentofthecost， preparecostplans，thedevelopmentofacost-controlprogramforthefuturecostco

14、ntrolready。 Andthecompletion of phase cost control, as a result of cost financing has been basically a foregoneconclusion， even if the deviation has been too late to rectify。Principle of management by objectives。Management objectives include： settinggoals and decomposition， the goal of responsibilit

15、y and implementation of the aims of the inspection results of the implementation， evaluation of the goals and objectives that form the management objectives of the planning ， implementation， inspection， processing cycle， PDCA. (d）原则的目标管理。管理目标包括:设定目标和分解，目标的责任和实施的目标实现的检验结果，评价的目的和目标,形成了管理目标的方案、实施、检查、处理

16、周期，PDCA。（e） Responsibility， authority， inlight ofthe profitprinciple。 Construction of the project, project manager of the department, the team shouldering the responsibility for cost control at the same time， enjoy the power of cost control， project manager for the department, Teams cost control in

17、the performance of regular examination and appraisalofimplementationofacrosswordpunishment。Onlytodoagoodjobduty，rights， and interests combining cost control,in order to achieve thedesired results.好工作职责、权利和利益结合成本把握，以达到预期的结果。The Construction Cost Control Measures施工成本把握措施Cost control measures。 Reduce t

18、he cost of construction projects means, weshould not only increase revenue is also reducing expenditure， or both also increasesavings. Cutting expenditure is not only revenue， or revenue not only to cut expenditure， it is impossible to achieve the aim of reducing costs， at least there isno ideal low

19、er cost effective。施工成本把握措施支出不仅是收入或收入不仅削减支出,这是不行能实现的目的，降低成本，至少没有抱负的低成本有效的.Project Manager of the project cost management responsibility for the first， comprehensive organization of the project cost management, timely understand and analyzeprofitandlosssituationandtakepromptandeffectivemeasures；engine

20、eringtechnology department should ensure the quality，Regular tasks to complete as muchas possible under the premise adopt advanced technology in order to reduce costs ；Ministry of Economic Affairs should strengthen budget management contract, the project to create the budget revenue； Finance Ministr

21、y in charge of the projectsfinancial， Analysis of the project should keep the financial accounts of reasonable of funds。 Develop advanced economies reasonable construction program, which can shorten the period ， and improve quality ， reduce costs purpose ； paidattention to quality control to elimina

22、te redone ， shorten the acceptance and reduce expenses;controllaborcosts， materialcosts， Machineryandotherindirectcosts。项目经理的项目成本管理责任第一,全面组织的项目成本管理,准时了解和分析损益状况，实行准时有效的措施；工程技术部门应确保质量、常规任务完成尽可能多的前提下接受先进技术，以降低成本；经济部应加强预算管理合同，想要创建的项目预算收入；财政部负责项目的财务分析、项目应当保持金融账户资金消退重做,缩短验收和削减开支；把握劳动力成本、材料成本、机械和其他间接成本。Wit

23、h the construction market competition intensifies ， more and the price low, the scene increasingly high management fees. This requires project managers to more scientificandmorerigorousmanagementapproachtothemanagementoftheproject。As a management departments should be a reasonable analysis of region

24、al economic disparities, to prevent the input across the board. From the foregoing analysis，projectmanagement and cost control are complementary， it is only by strengtheningproject management, can control project costs；only achieve cost control project aimstostrengthenthemanagementofconstructionproj

25、ectcanbeConstruction of the project cost control of construction reflects the nature of projectmanagement features, and represents construction project management at the core。Constructionoftheprojectcostcontrolofconstructionprojectperformance evaluation of the objectivity and fairness of the scale.与

26、建筑市场竞争的加剧,更多,价格低，现场越来越昂贵的管理费。这需要项目经理更科学、更严格的管理方法来管理项目。作为一个管理部门应当是一个合理的分析区域经济差异，以防止输入整个董事会。从上述分析、项目管理和成本把握是互补的，只有通过加强项目管理,可以把握项目成本;只有实现成本把握项设项目管理的核心。建设项目成本把握的建设项目管理绩效评价的客观性和公正性的规模。Strengthen Project Cost Control Practical Significance（a) Strengthen project cost control railway construction enterprise

27、s out of theirpredicament, the need to increase revenue。 At present, the railway constructionenterprises just into the market, to participate in market competition, will face a tough test of the market 。 Now the construction market liberalization, implement biddingsystem， and the strike has very low

28、 weight， to create efficiency is the only way tostrengthen internal management and improve their internal conditions， internal efficiencypotentials。 Therefore， thestrengtheningofprojectcostcontrolisaveryrealisticway。加强项目成本把握的现实意义现实的方式.（b） Strengthening Project Cost control is adapted to the market c

29、ompetition， andstrengthening internal management to the needs of their work。 With the railwayenterprisesrapid development， construction increasingly fierce market competition.For a period of time ， the railway construction enterprises will face the increasingly fierce market challenges Construction

30、of the business environment difficult to beimproved。Efficiencyincreases，effectivecostcontrolandclaimswillstrengthenedinthefuturemanagementfocus。 Thisrequirestherailwayconstructionenterprises should respect the unity of the work to reduce costs and enhance efficiency objectives。 In accordance with th

31、e requirements of the market economyresearch， adjustment and improve the management system, to further strengthen themanagement of infrastructure ， enterprise management from the physical management to value management ， thus enabling cost management into enterprise managementcenters。（b）加强项目成本把握是适应市

32、场竞争,加强内部管理的需要，他们的工作.随着铁路企业的快速进展，建的管理,企业管理从物理管理价值管理,从而使成本管理到企业管理中心。Construction Poject Cost Control Method体育事业建设成本把握方法Construction cost control method of manythis highlights deviation analysis。Deviationrefers to the actual value of the construction costs with the planned value of the difference。 Devi

33、ationanalysismaybeusedtoabarchartmethod,formmethod， curvemethod体育事业建设成本把握方法可用于一个条形图方法,形成方法,曲线的方法（a) Bar Graph method is different TransverseLine marking the completion of theproject has been the construction costs, End to construction projects have been completed and cost （the costeffective construc

34、tion， Transverse-Line length isproportionaltotheamountoftheircases。 Bar Graph with image， audiovisual，very clear advantages, it can accurately express construction cost deviations, but onecan feel the gravity of deviation。 But thismethod isless amountof information(一)条形图的方法是不同的横向线标记完成项目施工成本,最终建设工程已完

35、工,成本（具有成本效益的建设、横向线长度成正比,与他们的案件数量.条形图和形象，视听,格外明显的优势,它可以精确地表达施工成本，但人会偏差的重力偏差.但这种方法更少数量的信息(b） Form method is error - analysis of the most commonly used method ， it willproject code name, construction of the cost parameters and construction cost deviationintegrated into the number one form, and in the f

36、orm of direct comparison 。 As thedeviations are shown in the table ， construction costs make integrated managers tounderstand and deal with these data。 Flexible， applicability； informative; formscan be handled by computer, thus saving a large amount of data to deal with the human,andgreatlyimprovesp

37、eed. （b)形式的方法是错误的分析最常用的方法，它将项目代号、施工成本参数和施工成本偏差集成到一个表单，数量和形式的直接比较。随着偏差是显示在表、施工理人类,并大大提高速度。（c) Curve is a total construction cost curve（S line curve）for the partial constructioncosts differential analysis methods。 A figure which indicated the actual value of theconstruction cost curve， p. construction

38、 cost of the scheme said the value curve, the curve between two vertical distances between construction cost deviations。 Themethod used is the same image analysis ， and visual characteristics, but this is very difficult to direct for quantitative analysis of quantitative analysis can play a role。曲线是

39、一个总建筑成本曲线(S线曲线）的部分建筑成本差异分析方法.一个图显示实际价值的建设成本曲线,p分析和视觉特征，但这很难直接定量分析的定量分析可以扮演一个角色。Currently Construction Enterprise Project Cost Control AnalysisProblems and the causes of the current project implementation after the restructuring projects implemented ”five responsibility for the costs,” ”100 of respon

40、sibility for the content of the output value of wages and ”contracting indicators Kau” various forms of economic management contract responsibilitysystem。 Construction projects in theMinistry of Production and qualityaspects ofthe rapid progress。 But beyond doubt is just working, regardless of the m

41、ode ofproduction accounts still exist. Some only production tasks are completed, the cost of a weak awareness cost management as dispensable。 In the past two years the of grasping items complain ， enterprise project appraisal of the on the production tasks to complete，objective，fueled by suchacts. S

42、pecific indications：目前施工企业项目成本把握分析“100责任的内容输出的工资价值”和“承包指标滘“各种形式的经济管理承包责任制。建筑工程部门的生产和质量方面的快速进步。但毋庸置疑的行为。特定的迹象： of labor, not by post，according to the actual needs staffing，theycan complete the work for three; can be used for lowcost trades and the use of subjectsoflaborcosts.Totakecareofrelations， se

43、nsibilitiesandTWAalsoretainedhis spare time。 Workers can be indifferent to the production and operation， but themonthly wages, allowances， and bonuses can spend less. Artificially expand the expenditure of funds.和奖金、津贴、花费更少。人为地扩大支出的资金.(b） Material management can be simplified to what extent on what

44、is the levelof simplification, operational staff only to facilitate easy and timely withdrawal creditcard， andsomekindofengineeringmaterialsandbookadifferencetothousandsofdollars, tens of thousands or even hundreds of some of its few。 Consuming theworksthe procedure is incomplete. Not fixed by the m

45、aterial。Placing arbitrary siteengineering materials stolen have occurred from time to time ； Consuming accessories not review，bad on the other，very few people to repair；fillemptyfuel consumption result was secretly putting the oil sold。材料管理可以简化到什么程度级别是什么上的简化,便利操作人员只有简洁和准时撤离信用卡，和一些类型的工程材料和书影响成千上万的美元，

46、成千上万甚至数以百计的一些很少.消费作品,过程是不完整人来修理;填补空的燃料消耗的结果是隐秘地把石油销售.（c） Construction machinery efficiency is not high （example： Monthly leasing machinery and equipment）， less to him， usually poor maintenance. Withmechanicalequipmentfailureanalysisisnotobjectiveandsubjectivereasons， nottopursue the responsibility o

47、f the parties ， have bad information on the exchange, noother information on. TWA did not undergo a rigorous examination on the induction trainingmechanicaldamagetothenon-normal， impactoftheconstructionprogress。（在入职培训机械损伤非正常，影响施工进度。In summary, the current project of cost management， accounting only after theaccounting, rather than advance the prevention and control things. The reasons arelack of cost awareness. Simply that the cost of management is the financial sector or the superior leadership, have nothing to do with them。Only focused on theproduction tasks are completed