初中英语语法课件-

1、初中英语时态Welcome ！初中英语时态Welcome ！Outline1 .一般现在时2 .一般过去时3 .一般将来时4 .过去将来时：5 .过去进行时：6. 过去完成时7. 现在进行时：8. 现在完成时： 现在过去将来Outline1 .一般现在时现在过去将来用法： 经常性的和习惯性的动作常用时间状语 ： usually, sometimes, in spring, every day, in the morning一般现在时的动词形式： 动词原形1.am;is ;are2.have,has3.第三人称单数形式-(e)s一般现在时用法： 经常性的和习惯性的动作一般现在时的动词形式： 动词

2、原肯定句：I watch television every day.否定句：I dont watch television every day.疑问句：Do you watch television every day.注意： start, leave, go, come等的一般现在时可表示按规定要发生的未来动作，如列车将离开。客观真理在从句中也用一般现在时. 肯定句：I watch television every dIt snows in winter.It doesnt snow in winter.Does it snow in winter?Examples:It snows in

3、winter.Examples:一般现在时的使用：1.一般现在时表示总是、通常、习惯性的动作或状态。It snows in winter.I watch television every day.一般现在时的使用：1.一般现在时表示总是、通常、习惯性的动作2.用于对客观事实的普遍性的陈述。Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.Most animals kill only for food.The world is round.2.用于对客观事实的普遍性的陈述。3.某些动词的一般现在时表示说话时正在存在的一种情况。I have only a dollar r

4、ight now.He needs a pen right now.注：这些动词不能用于进行时。3.某些动词的一般现在时表示说话时正在存在的一种情况。用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作常用时间状语： yesterday, last night, two days ago, in 2000, at that time, before ，when 等引导的含 过去时的句子。动词构成：动词过去时（-ed） listenlistened study-studied stop-stopped come-came一般过去时用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作一般过去时否定构成：didnt+动原 di

5、dnt work used not (didnt use) to work一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+主语+动原+其它？ 特殊疑问句举例：What did he do yesterday? When did he get up this morning? 注意：He has opened the door.（表示过去“开门”的动作对现在的影响是门还开着）He opened the door.(不能确定门现在是否开着) 否定构成：didnt+动原 1.一般过去时表示一个动作或情况在过去某个的时间开始和结束.I walked to school yesterday.I bought a new

6、 car three days ago.walked,boughtnow一般过去时的使用：1.一般过去时表示一个动作或情况在过去某个的时间开始和结束.2.表示过去经常性的动作或情况。I often got up at 6:00 last year.I didnt walk to school yesterday.Did you walk to school yesterday ?2.表示过去经常性的动作或情况。用法：将来会出现或发生的动作常用时间状语：this evening, tomorrow, next month, in a few minutes, at the end of this

7、 term动词构成: 1. will/shall+动原 2.am/is/are going to+动词原型 3. am/is/are(about)+动词不定式 4. am/is/are+coming等现在分词以work为例:will/shall work am/is/are going to work am/is/are(about) to work am/is/are coming/leaving一般将来时用法：将来会出现或发生的动作一般将来时否定构成：will/shall not am/is/are not特殊疑问句举例:What will you do tomorrow? When ar

8、e we going to have a class meeting?注意：在if条件或as soon as等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 否定构成：will/shall not 1、 基本结构是will / shall do。 例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。） 2、 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sle

9、ep, start, stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。 例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。） 一般将来时的使用：1、 基本结构是will / shall do。 例：We3、 表示“打算去，要”时，可用be going to do。 例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说的。） 4、 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强

10、调近期内或马上要做的事。 例：Dont worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.（别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。） 3、 表示“打算去，要”时，可用be going t5、 “be to do”的5种用法： a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。 例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实验室见到她。） b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。 例：You ar

11、e to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。） c) 能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may） 例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢？） 5、 “be to do”的5种用法：d) 不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。 例：I assure you that the matter _ as quickly as possible. Ha

12、ve a little patience. A. will be attended B. will be attended to C. is attended D. is attended to e) 用于条件从句“如果想，设想”（接近if want to,或if should） 例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _ avoided. A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been d) 不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要

13、发生的事情。 例：I用法：从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或状态， 常用于宾从句常用时间状语：the next week等动词构成： 1、would/should+动原 2、 was/were going to+动原 3、was/were(about) to+动原以work为例：would/should work was/were going to work was/were(about) to work过去将来时用法：从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或状态，过去将来时否定构成：would/should not was/were not一般疑问构成：常用if或whether引导宾从特殊疑问句举例：

14、He asked what they would do the next week. I thought I would make lots of newfriends. They said that they were going to spend the vacation together.否定构成：would/should not 一、过去将来时表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。would或was /were going to + V would可用于各种人称。过去将来时的使用：一、过去将来时表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的二、would +V还可表示过去

15、的习惯动作，在这点上同used to同义。When we were children, we would/used to go swimming every summer.比较：I used to walk to school, but now I go by bike.used to +V,指过去的习惯或状态，暗含的意思是“现在不做某事了”。二、would +V还可表示过去的习惯动作，在这点上同useA: Where did you go?B: I was going to visit the park, but in the end I went to the free market.A:

16、 What was it like?B:I thought it would be busy, but it was very quiet.A: Where did you go?-Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?-I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. had B. wouldC. was going toD. did三、I thought I was going to.表示“原本打算干某事”。-Alice, why didnt you come -Come in, Peter, I want to show you

17、 something.-Oh, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift.A. never think; are goingB. never thought; were goingC. didnt think; were goingD. hadnt thought; were going Never thought “从未想过“， 与how nice of you所表达的喜悦之情相符-Come in, Peter, I want to sThis morning Alice _ out _ the door opened and in came

18、 some strangers. was just about to go; while went ; when was going ; while was just about to go; whenThis morning Alice _ out _We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon.leaveswould leavelefthad leftWe were all surprised when he 用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生 的动作常用时间状语：at this time yest

19、erday,at that time, at ten oclock yesterday或when引导的从句动词构成： was/were+现在分词(-ing) 以work为例：was/were working过去进行时过去进行时否定构成： was/were not+现在分词一般疑问构成及简答举例: Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其它？ Yes, I was No, I wasnt特殊疑问句举例： What were you dong this time yesterday? Where was he standing when the teacher came in? 否定构成： was/w

20、ere not+现在分词 过去进行时：I was walking down the street when it began to rain.When it began to rainI was walkingnow 过去进行时：When it began to rainI was walking down the street when it began to rain.I was not walking down the street when it began to rain.Were you walking down the street when it began to rain?I

21、 was walking down the street 用一般过去时或过去进行时填空。I dont want to go to the zoo today because it is raining. The same thing happened yesterday. I (want ,not) _ to go to the zoo because it (rain)_. Exercises:用一般过去时或过去进行时填空。Exercises:2.I (call)_ Roger at nine last night, but he (be, not)_ at home. He (study)

22、_ at the library.called;was not;was studying2.I (call)_ Roger at nine l3.I (hear,not)_the thunder during the storm last night because I (sleep)_.didnt hear;was sleeping3.I (hear,not)_the thunder d4.My brother and sister (argue)_ about something when I (walk)_ into the room.were arguing;walked4.My br

23、other and sister (argue5.-Nancy is not coming tonight. -But she _!A. promises B. promisedC. will promise D. had promised5.-Nancy is not coming6.Shirley _ a book aboutChina last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.A. has written B. wroteC. had written D. was writing6.Shirley _ a book abo

24、ut7.I dont think Jim saw me; he _ into space.A.just stared B.was just staringC.has just staredD.had just stared7.I dont think Jim saw me; heThe students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.had written; leftwere writing; has lefthad written; had left were writing; had left

25、The students _ busily when MMary _ a dress when she cut her finger.made B. is makingC. was making D. makesMary _ a dress when she cut 用法：1、过去某时间或动作之前完成的动作或状态(过去的过去)。2、过去某一时间的动作延续到过去另一时间常用时间状语： by that time,by the end of , when/before+ 从句， said/knew/asked的宾从中动词构 成:had+ 过去分词(-ed)以work为例： had worked过去完

26、成时用法：过去完成时否定构成:had not+过去分词一般疑问构成：Had+主语+过去分词+其它？ Yes, I had. No, I hadnt.特殊疑问句举例： How many English words had you learned by the end of last term? 否定构成:had not+过去分词When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets.had soldgot to the theatreNow过去的过去过去完成时是一种与过去时相比较而存在的时态，用以表示“过去的过去”的动作或状态。When

27、 we got to the theatre, th1.When we _(arrive) at the theatre, the play _(already start).arrived; had already started1.When we _(arrive) at the2.The police found that the house _and a lot of things_.A. has broken into; has been stolenB. had broken into; had been stolenC. has been broken into; stolenD

28、. had been broken into; stolen2.The police found that the ho3.Tom didnt go to hear the singer because he_ him. heard would hear C. has heard D. had heard3.Tom didnt go to hear the si4.-Why didnt you come to the party?-I_ to come, but one of my friends came to see me just then.A. wanted B. was wantin

29、g C. had wantedD. had been wanted4.-Why didnt you come to th5.His wife _ to catch the first train but she was too late.hopinghad hopedhas hopedwould hopehad hoped意为“原希望”，常用于这一结构的动词有“think, want, plan, suppose, intend”5.His wife _ to catch the fi用法：说话时正在进行的动作或当前一段时间正在进行的动作常用时间状语 ：now,these days现在进行时中

30、动词形式： am is + - ing are1、do-doing2、live-living3、重读闭音节 sit-sitting drop-dropping 以 ie 结尾 die-dying lie-lying现在进行时用法：说话时正在进行的动作或当前一段时间正在进行的动作现在进She is writing another book this year.并不表示说话的时候她正拿着笔坐在书桌前。She is writing another book th1.现在进行时表示一项活动在说话时(或较长时间）正在进行。John and Mary are talking on the phone.st

31、artfinishnow1.现在进行时表示一项活动在说话时(或较长时间）正在进行。s2.现在进行时强调此刻正在进行的动作。一般现在时表示不确定时间经常、反复发生的动作或状态。2.现在进行时强调此刻正在进行的动作。3.进行时的将来用法：When are you leaving?=When will you leave?John and Mary are talking on the phone.John and Mary are not talking on the Phone. Are John and Mary talking on the phone?3.进行时的将来用法：John and

32、 Mary are talking on the phone.John and Mary are not talking on the Phone. Are John and Mary talking on the phone?John and Mary are talking on t1.Diane (wash) _ her hair every other day or so.2.Kathy usually (sit) _ in the front row during class,but today she (sit)_in the last row.washes, sits, is s

33、itting1.Diane (wash) _ her hair e3.(Lock,you,always)_ the door to your apartment(公寓) when you leave?4.I wrote to my friend last week.She hasnt answered my letter yet.I(wait,still)_ for a reply.Do you always lock,am still waiting3.(Lock,you,always)_ th5. Every morning,the sun(shine)_ in my bedroom wi

34、ndow and (wake)_me up.shines,wakes5. Every morning,the sun(shine6. A: Look!It (snow)_. B: Its beautiful! This is the first time Ive ever seen snow. It (snow, not, often) _ in my country.is snowing;does not often snow6. A: Look!It (snow)_.is sn- Can I help you, sir?- Yes, I bought this radio here yes

35、terday, but it _.didnt workwont workcant workdoesnt work- Can I help you, sir?-Can I join the club, Dad?-You can when you _ a bit older. get will getC. are gettingD. will have got-Can I join the club, Dad?My cousin, Jenny, _ in New Yorktill next Saturday.is stayinghas stayedwill have stayedstayedMy

36、cousin, Jenny, _ in New Y-Do you know when she _?-No, but Ill tell you as soon as she _.will come; comescomes; will comewill come; will comecomes; comes-Do you know when she _?Look! _ !Here the bus comesHere comes the busHere is the bus comingHere the bus is cominghere, there放在句子开头，句子主谓要倒装。(如主语为代词，主

37、谓不倒装)。在here, there引导的句子中，常用一般现在时代替现在进行时。Look! _ !here, there放在句用法: 1、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作，强调 对现在的影响. 2、从过去一直延续到现在的动作常用时间状语：already, just, never, before, recently, in the past few years, ever, so far, since+过去的点时间,for+段时间动词构成：have/has+过去分词(-ed) have/has worked现在完成时用法: 1、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作，强调现在否定构成：ha

38、ve/has not+过去分词一般疑问构成： Have/Has+主语+过去分词?特殊疑问句举例：What have you done recently? How long has he lived in Beijing?注意：暂时性动词不能与for, since,How long等 表示段时间 的短语同时使用。 否定构成：have/has not+过去分词现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。We are good friends.(现在的情况）I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）We have known each

39、other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）现在完成时的用法现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过She has been to Beijing.(现在已不在北京，从结果上和现在联系起来）She has been in Beijing for two years. （现在仍在北京，从时间上和现在联系起来）She has been to Beijing.现在完成时的三种基本用法：1、未完成用法。表示动作或状态开始于过去，一直延续到现在，可能继续发展，也可能刚刚结束。He has been in the army for ten ye

40、ars.I have studied English since 1980.He has lived here all his life.a. be, live, study都是延续性动词。b.常用的时间状语： since,for,in the past few years,so far, all his life.现在完成时的三种基本用法：2、反复性用法，表示过去到现在这段时间内反复发生的动作。I have been to the city twice this week.I have often wondered where she gets her money all these days.这种用法从时间上与现在发生了联系。2、反复性用法，表示过去到现在这段时间3、完成性用法，表示动作或状态到说话时已经完成，通常所产生的结果把过去的动作和状态和现在联系起来。 He has gone to Shanghai.他已经去了上海。（结果：他已不在这儿，He is not he