语法填空解题技巧

1、文档编码 : CQ1Z3J4S6G1 HT1I6V9K6L8 ZX1A6Y4B7N1. -一般来说, 语法填空试题有两种试题形式：词类转化题和纯空格题；对于每一类试题要接受不同的解题方法；同时要特别留意对动词类的考察,它是考试中的重中之重；学问点一： 词类转换题【方法指导】作表语 系动词之后 、定语 修饰名词 或补语 表性质状态 时,通常用形容词形式；【典例】He spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was health. health 的形容词形式 healthy；解析 句中缺表语,依据空后堤

2、示词及语意可知,此处应填1.and other times they make a very consider effort to municate with you. 解析修饰名词 effort ,要用形容词形式,故填considerable；【方法指导】作主语,或在及物动词、介词后作宾语时,前面可能有形容词修饰,通常用名词形式,留意 单复数形式；【典例】He had witnessed too many die and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years earlier,in which 40, 000 people

3、were killed, wounded or missing. witness 的宾语,解析 考察词形变化；这里指的是死亡,是可数名词,在句中作及物动词 空前的 too many 也示意应用 death 的复数形式；2Apples new machine,the Lisa,proved to be an expensive fail. 解析考察派生词的用法；从空前的an expensive可知此处缺少一个名词,故填failure；【方法指导】在指示代词、形容词性物主代词或者“ 冠词形容词 后,用名词形式；【典例】I ran into my neighbor ,Dennis,yesterday

4、 afternoon. He asked if I wanted two tickets to the theater. He had season tickets but couldnt go to this perform. 解析依据 this 的提示,此处应当使用perform 的名词形式；【方法指导】修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,或作状语时,用副词形式；【典例】One hundred percent of all donations will go _direct to the charities. 解析用副词修饰动词go；3The country now has a total

5、of 178 million people over 60, accounting for 13.26 percent of the total population , and the figure will increase by 3 percent annual. 解析此处使用副词修饰整个句子；所以填annually,意思是“ 一年一次地；【方法指导】依据句子意思及前后规律关系,有可能是词义转换题,词性不愿定要变,主要考察与词根意. . word.zl-. -义相反的派生词,需要在词根前加 un、im、in 等,或在词根后加 less等；【典例】Lost in the tune,he c

6、ame suddenly upon a_ home beggar lying in the midst of the sidewalk. He reached down,touched the beggars cheek,and left a 100 dollar bill to him. 解析此处需要形容词修饰名词beggar；他突然发觉一个无家可归的乞丐躺在人行道中间；【方法指导】假设括号中所给词为动词,也有可能考词类转换；假设是形容词或副词,有可能考察其比拟级或最高级；【典例】Also,the more children young couples have,the happy they

7、 bee. 解析 “ the比拟级,the比拟级意思是 “ 越 就越 ； 依据句中的 the more children可知,此处要用比拟级； 且语境表示 “ 孩子越多, 年轻夫妇就越不幸福,故应填 unhappier；学问点二： 纯空格试题【方法指导】假如句子缺主语或宾语,那么确定是填代词或名词 多考代词 ；【典例】Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk,but after some minutes walked away and sat near me,looking annoyed. 解析句子缺少主语,依据上文

8、可知此处仍指上文提到的那位男子,所以用he；【方法指导】假如句子不缺主语或表语,动词后又不缺宾语,那么在名词或代词前面确定是填介词；【典例】The new boy looked at the teacher a few seconds and. 解析 for a few seconds 意思是“ 几秒钟,for 接一段时间构成的介词短语作状语；1The young man went home a happy heart. 解析 本空格处缺介词,故填 with 构成介词短语 with a happy heart“ 心情高兴地,作相伴状语；【方法指导】名词前面假设没有限定词 冠词、形容词性物主代词

9、、不定代词 ,那么很可能是填限定词；【典例】But she quickly realized that it wasnt her ,it was probably the fact that she sat in last row. 解析“ 最终一排为特指,要加定冠词the,即 in the last row；2After the student left ,the teacher let student taste the water. 解析空格后接的词是student,是单数, another student 表示另一个同学,无限定围的另一个；【方法指导】假设两个或两个以上的单词或短语之间

10、没有连词,那么可能是填连词；【典例】Each time the boy did something good,a thousand tiny angels gathered around the boys heart started tickling it. 解析 依据本句容可知,gathered around the boy 和 started tickling it 是并列关系,故用并列连词 and；【方法指导】假设两句 一个主谓关系算一个句子 连词或附属连词；之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,那么确定是填并列【典例】The Unicef The United Nations Childre

11、ns Fund found that , although the situation has slightly improved ,many women are still not included in family decisions , as a result their children are . . word.zl-. -more likely to suffer from poor health. 解析考察连词； 依据句意可知, 空格前后都在说明男女不公正的结果,因此使用并列连词and；3One day,he came up with an idea he would pluc

12、k up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. 解析 他提出一个想法 idea即他将把全部的禾苗拔高几英寸；空格后的句子意义完整并不缺少成分,故该空格处应填纯粹的连词 that 不作成分,也没有含义 引导同位语从句说明先 行词 idea 的容；【方法指导】假设构造较完整, 并且空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一样或主谓不一样时,那么很可能是填情态动态或表示强调或倒装的助动词 do,does,did 等；【典例】He had no time or energy to play with his children o

13、r talk with his wife ,but he bring home a regular salary. 解析 这是一个由 but 连接的并列句,由前一分句的谓语动词 had 可知,后一分句的谓语动词 bring 也应用一般过去时；可是,bring 却用原形,既与语境的时态不符,也与主语 he 不一样,而且该句不是倒装句,因此,此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词 did的确 ；【方法指导】由特别的句式构造来判定空格应填的词；由 it is.that.强调构造判定,填it 仍是 that； so/such.that,neither.nor 等；【典例】The uneducated

14、person,on the other hand,either is unable to do it, does it badly,. 解析 此处表示“ 或者,要留意 either.or 搭配；4I was nervous when I stood on the stage that I forgot everything. 解析 so.that.意思是“ 如此 以至于 ；由倒装句式判定,是填构成倒装条件的only, so,neither,nor ,never,hardly,seldom,not until ,had 等,仍是填 do, does,did 等；【典例】Not I caught

15、sight of my teacher in the crowd did I calm down. 解析 句意：直到我在人群中观看我的老师我才寂静下来；not until 放在句首,句子要局部倒装；由 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判定,空格处是否填 it ；【典例】She remembered how difficult was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 解析 句型： it is difficultfor sbto do 某人 难以做 ； how 引导的宾语从句缺少主语,用it 作形式主语,真正的主语是动词

16、不定式短语 to choose.；学问点三： 给出动词题【方法指导】假如句中缺少谓语动词,并确定所给动词要填写为谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态；【典例】He pretendthat a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 解析 句意： 他假装那个老虎玩具是真的 此处表达“ 我上车时他正在做的事,故用过去进展时态；1He walked in as if he buy the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City. 解析这是由 as if 引导的虚拟

17、语气他没有买下学校,由于是与过去事实相反,故用过去完成时；2Where men control the household ,less money spend on healthcare and food, which results in . . word.zl-. -poorer health for children. 解析考察时态和语态；money 与 spend之间存在被动关系,因此使用被动语态,依据从句的时态可知应用一般现在时；【方法指导】假如句中已有谓语动词,并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语动词,就要考虑是 v. ing 形式、过去分词形式仍是动词不定式：作主语, v.ing 形式与

18、不定式一般可以互换,意义无多大区分； 但在疑问句和句型 “ There is no主语中,主语需用动名词而不用不定式；【典例】It is widely believed that forma good habit will benefit us all our lives. 解析 It is widely believed that. 从句中缺主语,这里使用动名词短语作主语,表示泛指意义的行为；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式；【典例】For example,the proverb,“ plucking up a crop helpit grow, is based on the f

19、ollowing story. 解析 依据句子的意思,谚语是“ 揠苗助长,要用动词不定式作目的状语；3She wished that he was as easy pleaseas her mother,who was always delighted with perfume. 解析 她期望他像她的母亲一样简洁中意；宾语从句的谓语是 was easy,并且空格位于表语形容词 easy之后,故考虑填动词不定式作补语,这时应联想到句型：He is easy to please.It is easy to please him.“ 使他很简洁中意；作相伴状语, 通常用分词： 与规律主语是主动关系,

20、用过去分词；用现在分词； 与规律主语是被动关系,【典例】Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day,wear sunglasses. 解析由前面的逗号可知这里不是并列谓语,应当是分词短语作相伴状语,由于规律主语是he,故用现在分词形式；4After the student left ,the teacher let another student taste the water. He spit it out ,sayit was awful. 解析 他把喝进口

21、里的水吐了出来,同时说这水很难喝；out 与空格之间是逗号,并且 say的规律主语也是句子的主语 he,谓语动词 spit 的动作与 say的动作相伴发生,故填 saying作相伴状语；作宾语,通常用动名词或不定式,介词后面要用动名词；【典例】I remember cryon my mothers lap at a family gathering to read her will. 解析 remember doing sth 意思是“ 记得做过某事；作定语,不定式表将来；现在分词表进展；过去分词表被动与完成；【典例】When there was no place in the whole f

22、ield _leaveto dig,the rabbit dug a tunnel right to where the dog had been lying all the time. There he found the carrot and the bone. 解析 此处为 place 的后置定语, leave 与 place 构成规律上的被动关系,因此使用过去分词形式；5The doors to the theater were open and we handed our tickets to the ticket takers standin the doorway. 解析 the

23、 ticket takers是动作 stand 的执行者,故要用现在分词形式作后置定语；6Their lives are made a bit easier to have this opportunity findnice clothing for not a single penny. 解析 此处用不定式作定语,修饰 opportunity ；. . word.zl-. -作宾语补足语,不定式表动作全过程；现在分词表主动或进展；过去分词表被动或完成；【典例】I noticed a man sitat the front. 解析 notice sb doing sth 现在分词作宾语的补足语

24、,表示正在做某事；7While she was getting me settleinto a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car. 解析把“ 我安置在一个很小但很干净的房间里；get sb done；故填过去分词settled作宾补；独立主格和 with 复合构造；【典例】Anyone who finds a dead bird with a band on its legs is asked to send the band to Washington with a not

25、e tell where the bird was found. 解析with 复合构造中,非谓语动词和其规律主语note 为主谓关系,所以用现在分词形式；易错点 1 思维定势干扰He was very tired doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did higher. 解析 tired 的短语搭配； be tired of 具有很强的干扰性,其意为“ 对 厌烦,很明显,本句说明不通；同时,我们仍应想到be tired after/from ,其意为“ 因 而劳累；本句句意为：农夫劳作一成天后很

26、疲乏,但是他对庄稼长“ 高了感到很欢快；【即时小练】1July 1,1997 saw the return of Hong Kong to China. The day our Chinese people had looked forward to e at last. 解析 句子主语是 the day,此处缺少谓语动词,并不是考察 look forward to doing 构造；2Cursing my misfortune,I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villa

27、gers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me a guest in their house. 解析由于 receive 的搭配receive.from,这给考生解题造成了干扰,但是假如我们考虑到receive.as意为“ 把 当作 来接待,那么答案就很清楚了；以题说法有考生看到be tired 马上联想到be tired of 构造,但这里不是 “ 厌倦之意, 而是表示“ 在 之后累“ 因 而疲乏；突破指南为了防止思维定势的干扰,考生应认真理清句子含义和固

28、定搭配构造,判定出符合情理的句子意思；易错点 2 词形变化干扰2022 But such a small thing couldnt 23 possible destroy a village. 解析 possible修饰谓语动词 destroy 作状语, 将 possible变成副词, 但是考生简洁把 possible的副词写成 possiblely或 possiblly,而不是 possibly,这就造成此题失分；答案 possibly 【即时小练】. . word.zl-. -12022She was 22 surprise helpful. 解析 此处修饰 helpful,要用副词,

29、故用 surprisingly,但是考生简洁写成 surprising,surprisingly或 surprisedly,造成失分；答案surprisingly 68 amaze stories of instant transformation,for most 22022 新课标全国While there are of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river. 解析 此处修饰 stories,要用形容词, 故用 amazing；但是,考生很简洁写成 amazed,amazedly,造成失分,由于 amazing 意为“ 令人诧异的,amazed意为“人感到诧异的；换言之,现在分词转换的形容词常常修饰事物,过去分词转换的形容词常常修饰人或者与人有关的事物；横线后面是名词 story,说明应当使用现在分词转换的形容词；答案 amazing 32022 新课标全国There were many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them looked very anxio