软件工程练习题总

1、软件工程复习题一选择题1. Which of the following is an advantage of implementing applications via the Web? 以下哪一个是通过网络实施应用的优势？a.Secuurity安安全c.Reliaabilitty可靠性b.Acceessibiility无无障碍d.Throuughputt吞吐量Couplinng is a quaalitattive iindicaation of thhe deggree tto whiich a modulle耦合是一个模块块在何种程度度上定性指标标 A) can bbe wriitte

2、n more compaactly. B) focusses onn justt one thingg. C) is aable tto commpletee its functtion iin a ttimelyy mannner. D) iss connnectedd to oother modulles annd thee outsside wworld. 连接到其他的模模块和外界Which oof theese arre chaaracteeristiics off a goood deesign? A) exhibbits sstrongg couppling betweeen it

3、ts moddules B) iimplemments all rrequirrementts in the aanalyssis moodel在分析模型中实实现所有要求求 C) incluudes ttest ccases for aall coomponeents D) prrovidees a ccompleete piicturee of tthe sooftwarre E) bboth bb and dWhich oof thee folllowingg are areass of cconcerrn(关注) in tthe deesign modell? A) archhitect

4、ture架构构 B) data C) iinterffaces D) pprojecct scoope E) aa, b aand c Polymorrphismm reduuces tthe efffort requiired tto exttend aan objject ssystemm by多态性减少需要要通过什么来来扩展对象系系统 A) couppling objeccts toogetheer morre tigghtly. B) eenabliing a numbeer of diffeerent operaationss to sshare the ssame nname.使一

5、些不同的操操作共享相同同的名称 C) maaking objeccts moore deependeent onn one anothher. D) reemovinng thee barrriers impossed byy encaapsulaation 6.Whichh of tthe foollowiing moodels can bbe useed to repreesent the aarchittecturral deesign of a piecee of ssoftwaare. 以以下模型哪些些可以代表一一个软件的架架构设计 A) Dyynamicc modeels动态 B)

6、 Funcctionaal moddels功能能 C) Struccturall modeels结构 D) AAll off the abovee Cohesioon is a quaalitattive iindicaation of thhe deggree tto whiich a modulle凝聚力是一个模模块在何种程程度上的定性性指标 AA) cann be wwritteen morre commpactlly. B) ffocusees on just one tthing. 专注于一件件事 C) is aable tto commpletee its functtion ii

7、n a ttimelyy mannner. D) iss connnectedd to oother modulles annd thee outsside wworld.8. Whicch of the iitems listeed bellow iss not one oof thee softtware enginneerinng layyers? 软件工程的的层a) Proccess b) Manuffacturring制造造 cc) Metthods d)Toools9. Evollutionnary ssoftwaare prrocesss modeels演化软软件过程模型型a)

8、Are iteraative in naature迭迭代性质 b) Can easilly acccommoddate pproducct reqquiremments changges可以轻轻松地容纳产产品需求的变变化c) Do nnot geenerallly prroducee throowawayy systtems一般般不产生一次次性的系统d) All of thhe aboove10. Thee impoortancce of softwware ddesignn can be suummariized iin a ssinglee wordd: 软件设设计的重要性性可归纳为一一个

9、词(A) acccuracyy精度(B) compllexityy复杂(C) efficciencyy效率(D) qualiity 11. Sysstems _ is thhe proocess of deescribbing, organnizingg, andd struucturiing thhe commponennts off a syystem at booth thhe arcchiteccturall leveel andd a deetaileed levvel wiith a view towarrd connstruccting the ppropossed syyste

10、m.系统_是系统的的组成部分，在在建筑水平和和走向建议的的制度建设的的详细描述，组组织和结构的的过程。a.desiignc.impleementaation实实施b.anallysisd.mainttenancce维修12. Lisst thee fourr desiign moodels requiired ffor a compllete sspecifficatiion off a deesign in trraditiional softwware eengineeeringg methhod哪四个个设计模型需需要一个完整整的设计规范范在传统的软软件工程方法法模式(1) Subbsys

11、teem dessign (2) Daata deesign (3) TTask ddesignn (4) Arcchiteccture desiggn (5) Inteerfacee desiign (66) Commponennt-levvel组件级级desiggn(A) 12334 (BB) 23445 (C) 12256 (D) 2445613. Dessign ppatterrns caan be used by appplyinng in objecct-oriientedd systtems. 设计模式可可以使用面向向对象的系统统中的应用(A). iinheriitancee继承

12、(B). eencapssulatiion封装(C). ccompleexity复复杂(D). ppolymoorphissm多态性14Whicch dessign mmodel proviides iinformmationn for a dessign cclass diagrram?以下下哪个模型为为设计类图提提供信息a.Deplloymennt diaagram部部署图c.Staatechaart diiagramm状态图b.Inteeractiion diiagramm交互图d.Pacckage diagrram包图15. A _ modell showws whaat thee s

13、ysttem iss suppposed to doo in ggreat detaiil, wiithoutt commmittinng to any oone teechnollogy. 一个_模型显示示系统是应该该做的很详细细，没有犯任任何一种技术术(A).loggical逻逻辑(B).phyysicall物理(C). veerticaal垂直(D).horrizonttal水平16Deveelopinng a(nn) _ diaagram is a multiistep proceess off deteerminiing whhich oobjectts worrk toggethe

14、rr and how tthey wwork ttogethher. 发展一个_图图是确定哪些些对象一起工工作，它们如如何协同工作作的多步骤过过程。a.desiign cllassc.statee machhine状态态机eeractiion互动d.packaage18. Whiich off the folloowing is ann exammple oof an interractioon互动 diaagram?a.Desiign cllass ddiagraamc.Packaage diiagrammb.Dataa acceess diiagramm数据访问图图d.Commu

15、unicattion ddiagraam19 . Prrocesss frammeworkk actiivitiees aree popuulatedd withh . 填充充进程的框架架内活动(A). mmilesttones里里程碑 (B). workk prodducts工工作产品(C). QQA poiints质量量保证分 (D). alll of the aabove 20 . Coohesioon is a quaalitattive iindicaation of thhe deggree tto whiich a modulle凝聚力是是一个模块在在何种程度上上的定性指标标(A

16、) cann be wwritteen morre commpactlly. 可以以写成更简洁洁(B) foccuses on juust onne thiing. 专专注于一件事事(C) is able to coomplette itss funcction in a timelly mannner. 能够及时完完成其功能。(D) is conneected to otther mmodulees andd the outsiide woorld. 连接到其他他的模块和外外界。21. Whiich diiagramm(s) iis (arre) too be bbuilt in a sys

17、teem behhaviorr modeel? (dd) 哪个图要建一一个系统的行行为模型？(A). uuse-caase (B). EER diaagram (C). DDFD diiagramm (D). SSTD diiagramm22. Thee firsst steep in projeect pllanninng is to在项目目规划的第一一步是(A) detterminne sofftwaree scoppe确定软件件范围(B) seleect prrojectt teamm leadder选择项项目组组长 (C) detterminne thee budgget确定预预算 (

18、D) deteerminee the proceess moodel确定定过程模型23. Whiite-boox tessting can uuse thhe folllowinng metthods . 白盒测测试可以使用用下列方法。(A). bboundaary vaalue aanalyssis边界值值分析 (B). eequivaalencee parttitionning等价价分区(C). lloop ttestinng回路测试试(D). iiterattive ttestinng迭代测试试24. Thee incrrementtal moodel oof sofftwaree de

19、veelopmeent iss软件开发的的增量模型(A) A rreasonnable approoach wwhen rrequirrementts aree welll defiined. 合理的做法法，要求明确确界定。 (B) A ggood aapproaach whhen a workiing coore prroductt is rrequirred quuicklyy. 工作的的核心产品是是需要迅速的的一个好办法法。(C) Thee bestt apprroach to usse forr projjects with largee deveelopmeent teeams. 最

20、好的办法法用于大型开开发团队的项项目。(D) A rrevoluutionaary moodel tthat iis nott usedd for commeerciall prodducts. 一个革命命性的模式，不不用于商业产产品。25. Whaat aree not the eelemennts thhat arre preesent in evvery ccomputter-baased ssystemm?目前在每每一台计算机机为基础的系系统中什么元元素没有？data数据(B) sooftwarre软件 (C) docuumentaation文文档(D) projeect项目26. T

21、hee dataa dicttionarry conntainss desccriptiions oof eacch sofftwaree数据字典包包含每个软件件的说明(A) conntrol item控控制项目 (B) daata obbject数数据对象 (C) diiagramm图 (D) notattion符号号(E) botth A aand B27. Evoolutioonary softwware pprocesss moddels . 演化软件件过程模型。(A). aare brrancheed in condiition分分支的条件(B). ccan eaasily acco

22、mmmodatte prooduct requiiremennts chhangess可以轻松地地容纳产品需需求的变化 (C). ggeneraally pproducce thrrow awway syystemss一般生产扔扔掉系统 (D). aall off the abovee 28. A ddecisiion taable sshouldd be uused一个个决策表应使使用(A). too docuument all ccondittionall stattementts文件中的的所有条件语语句(B). too guidde thee deveelopmeent off the

23、projeect maanagemment pplan引导导发展的项目目管理计划(C). onnly whhen buuildinng an experrt sysstem只有有当建立一个个专家系统(D). whhen a compllex seet of condiitionss and actioons apppearss in aa compponentt当出现的条条件和操作的的复杂组件29. In the ttradittionall apprroach to syystem devellopmennt, thhe sysstem sstoress infoormatiion abbo

24、ut _.在在传统的系统统开发方法，系系统存储约_的信信息。(A). obbjectss对象(C). methhods方法法 (B). dataa storres数据存存储 (DD). daata enntitiees数据实体体30.Whatt modeel is creatted duuring the aanalyssis phhase oof a ssoftwaare deeveloppment proceess? 在一个软件开发发过程的分析析阶段建立的的模型是什么么？(A) Datta moddel数据模模型 (B) Lineear moodel线性性模型(C) subb-modeel

25、子模型 (D)Protootypinng moddel. 样样机模型31. Prooject _ managgementt invoolves colleectingg and explaainingg all of thhe keyy deciisionss, feaasibillity aanalyssis, rrisks, beneefits, scheeduless, andd costts to the sstakehholderrs whoo are fundiing thhe prooject. 项目_管理涉涉及收集和解解释所有的关关键决策，可可行性分析，风风险，利益，日日程安排

26、，并并资助该项目目的利益相关关者，他们的的费用。(A). coost成本 (C). scoope范围(B). scchedulle计划 (D). commmuniccationn通讯32. _ invvolvess the creattion oof an objecct bassed onn the templlate pprovidded byy the classs defiinitioon. _涉及建建立基于类定定义中提供的的模板一个对对象。a.Instaantiattion 实实例c.Activvationn激活b.Encappsulattion封装装d.Realiizatioon实

27、现33. UMLL desiign moodelinng foccuses on thhe . UUML设计造造型的重点是是(A). sstructtural modell and behavviorall modeel结构模型型和行为模型型(B). bbehaviioral modell and impleementaation modell行为模型和和实现模型(C). uuser mmodel and eenviroonmentt modeel用户模型型和环境模型型(D). EE-R moodel二对错题1.When usingg struuctureed dessign mmethodd

28、ologiies thhe proocess of sttepwisse reffinemeent iss unneecessaary. 当使用结构构化设计方法法时，逐步细细化的过程中中是不必要的的(错)2The tthree generric phhases of sooftwarre enggineerring aare deefinittion, devellopmennt, annd suppport.软件工程的的三个通用阶阶段是定义，开开发和支持3 Softtware devellopmennt acttivitiies arre eassy to compaartmenntaliz

29、ze intto fouur nonn-overrlappiing phhases. 软件开发发活动很容易易划分成4个个非重叠阶段段。4 Projject mmanageement is leess immportaant foor moddern ssoftwaare deeveloppment sincee mostt projjects are ssuccesssful and ccompleeted oon timme. 项目目管理是现代代软件开发的的重要，因为为大多数项目目是成功的，并并按时完成。5. Bounndary valuee anallysis can oonly bbe

30、useed to do whhite-bbox teestingg. 边界值分析析只能用来做做白盒测试。6 Usinng a sstatissticall techhniquee likee deciision tree analyysis ccan prrovidee somee assiistancce in sortiing ouut thee truee costts asssociatted wiith thhe makke-buyy deciision. 使用决策策树分析等统统计技术，可可以提供一些些援助，在整整理作出购买买决策的真实实成本。7 The reasoon forr r

31、efiining riskss is tto breeak thhem innto smmallerr unitts havving ddifferrent cconseqquencees. 炼油油风险的原因因是它们分解解成更小的单单位有不同的的后果。8 A taask seelectoor vallue iss mostt apprropriaately used to deetermiine whhetherr to aacceptt or rrejectt a giiven ttask ffor innclusiion inn the projeect taask seet. 一个个任务

32、选择的的价值是最恰恰当的使用，来来决定是否接接受或拒绝列列入项目中的的任务设置为为给定的任务务。9 Peopple whho perrform softwware qqualitty asssurancce musst loook at the ssoftwaare frrom thhe cusstomerrs peerspecctive. 执行软件件质量保证的的人必须从顾顾客的角度看看软件。10 Chaange ccontrool is not nnecesssary iif a ddeveloopmentt grouup is makinng usee of aan auttomateed

33、 prooject databbase ttool. 变更控制是是没有必要的的，如果一个个开发小组正正在使用一个个自动化的项项目数据库工工具。11 Sysstem mmodelss are builtt to aallow the ssystemm engiineer to evvaluatte thee systtem coomponeents iin rellationnship to onne anoother. 系统模型型的建立，让让系统工程师师评估到另一一个系统组件件之间的关系系。12 Thee use of coontextt freee quesstionss by tthems

34、eelves proviides aan efffectivve meaans off eliccitingg requuiremeents iinformmationn fromm the custoomer. 自己使用的的范围内自由由问题征求客客户的需求信信息提供一种种有效的手段段。13 Thee primmary ppurposse of an enntity relattionshhip diiagramm in tthe daata moodel iis to alloww normmalizaation of reelatioonshipp tablles. 数数据模型中的的实体关

35、系图图的主要目的的是允许关系系表正常化。14 Witth thooroughh testting iit is possiible tto remmove aall deefectss fromm a prrogramm prioor to delivvery tto thee custtomer. 通过彻底底的测试，它它是可以交付付给客户之前前，从计划中中删除的所有有缺陷。15 Objject-oorientted deesignss do nnot neeed too be iimplemmentedd usinng objject-oorientted prrogrammming tec

36、hnniquess. 面向对对象的设计不不需要使用面面向对象编程程技术得以实实施。16. Beccause theree are many factoors too conssider in anny dessign eeffortt, alll desiign shhould be ass compplex aas posssiblee. 因为有很多多因素要考虑虑在任何设计计工作，所有有的设计应尽尽可能复杂。 ( ) 17. Sinnce moodularrity iis an imporrtant desiggn goaal it is noot posssiblee to hhave t

37、too maany mooduless in aa propposed desiggn. 由于模块化化是一个重要要的设计目标标是，拟议中中的设计不可可能有太多的的模块。（错错）18. Sofftwaree desiigns aare reefactoored tto alllow thhe creeationn of ssoftwaare thhat iss easiier too inteegratee, eassier tto tesst, annd eassier tto maiintainn. 软件设计重重构，让创造造的软件更容容易集成，更更易于测试，并并易于维护。（对）19.Info

38、ormatiion hiiding makess proggram mmainteenancee easiier byy hidiing daata annd proocedurre froom unaaffectted paarts oof thee proggram.（对对）信息隐藏藏使得程序的的维护更容易易隐藏数据和和程序，从程程序不受影响响地区。20. In softwware qqualitty asssurancce worrk theere iss no ddifferrence betweeen sooftwarre verrificaation and ssoftwaare

39、vaalidattion. 在软件质量量保证工作，有有没有软件的的验证和软件件验证之间的的差异。21.One of thhe keyy probblems in sooftwarre reuuse iss the inabiility to fiind exxistinng reuusablee desiign paatternns wheen hunndredss of ccandiddates existt.（对）软软件重用的关关键问题之一一，是无法找找到现有的可可重复使用的的设计模式，当当数百名候选选人存在。22. A mmodulee shouuld bee openn for ext

40、ennsion but cclosedd for modifficatiion. 一一个模块应该该对扩展开放放，但对修改改关闭。23. Fraameworrks annd dessign ppatterrns arre thee samee thinng as far aas dessignerrs aree conccernedd.（错）尽尽可能的设计计师而言，框框架和设计模模式是一回事事。24. Proogram flow chartt is eeasierr to mmaintaain thhan PDDL forr procceduraal dessigninng. 程序序流程图是更更

41、容易比对程序设计计的PDL保保持。25. Prooject managgementt is lless iimporttant ffor moodern softwware ddeveloopmentt sincce mosst proojectss are succeessfull and complleted on tiime. ( ) 项目管理理是现代软件件开发的重要要，因为大多多数项目是成成功的，并按按时完成。26. Usiing thhe conncept of moodularrity iin sofftwaree desiign, wwe shoould ttry ouur be

42、sst to subdiivide softwware iinfiniitely. ( ) 采用模模块化软件设设计的概念，我我们应该尽力力无限细分软软件。27. Subbclassses shhould be suubstittutablle forr basee classses. ( ) 基类的子子类应替代。28. Thee focuus of validdationn testting iis to uncovver pllaces that a useer willl be able to obbservee faillure oof thee softtware to coonfor

43、mm to iits reequireementss. ( ) 验证测试试的重点是发发现的地方，用用户将能够观观察到的软件件不符合其要要求。29. Commponennts shhould be loooselyy couppled tto onee anotther aand too the exterrnal eenviroonmentt. 应松散散耦合组件到到另一个和外外部环境。30. Impprovedd execcutionn perfformannce iss one of thhe priimary beneffits oof objject-oorienttedarcchite

44、ccturess. 提高执执行性能对象象orienntedarrchiteecturees的主要优优点之一。31. Alll of rrandomm ordeer tessts arre connducteed to exerccise ddifferrent cclass instaance llife hhistorries, whichh are basedd on tthe miinimumm testt sequuence. 随机顺序序测试都进行行锻炼不同的的类的实例的的生命历程，这这是最低的测测试序列为基基础的。32Coheesion shoulld be as coohesivv

45、e as possiible，CCoupliing shhould be ass loosse as possiible. 凝聚力，应应尽可能的凝凝聚力，耦合合应尽可能松松散。33. Ressponsiibilitties aare Atttribuutes aand meethodss releevant to thhe claass. 职职责是类有关关的属性和方方法。34. Bussinesss Proccess EEngineeeringg (BPEE) deffine aarchittecturres thhat wiill ennable a bussinesss to uuse i

46、nnformaation effecctivelly. ( ) 业务流流程工程（BBPE）定义义的架构，使使业务有效地地利用信息。35. Chaange ccontrool is not nnecesssary iif a ddeveloopmentt grouup is makinng usee of aan auttomateed prooject databbase ttool. ( ) 变更控制制是没有必要要的，如果一一个开发小组组正在使用一一个自动化的的项目数据库库工具。36. Proogram flow graphhs aree idennticall to pprograam f

47、loowcharrts.三.主观题：PPleasee givee brieef ansswers to thhe folllowinng queestionns: 1. How do obbject-oriennted ddesignn and struccturedd desiign diiffer? 如何区分分面向对象的的设计和结构构设计的不同同(10 ppts.) 2.List threee charracterristiccs thaat cann servve as a guiide too evalluate desiggn quaality. 列出三个特特点，可以作作为评估设计计

48、质量的指导导。ANS: Desiggn impplemennts alll expplicitt requuiremeents ffrom tthe annalysiis moddel, aas welll as accommmodatting iimpliccit cuustomeer reqquiremments.Desiggn musst be underrstanddable to thhe peoople wwho geeneratte thee codee to iimplemment ddesignn, thoose whho tesst it, and thosee who s

49、uppoort itt.Desiign muust prrovidee a coomplette piccture of thhe sofftwaree, adddressiing thhe datta, fuunctioonal, and bbehaviioral domaiins frrom ann impllementtationn persspectiive.3. Whatt are the ffour iimporttant aattribbutes whichh all softwware pproduccts shhould have? Sugggest ffour oother

50、 attriibutess thatt may somettimes be siignifiicant什什么是所有的的软件产品应应具有四个重重要的属性？推荐其他四四个重要属性性4.What are tthe phhases of thhe SDLLC? 什么是SDDLC的阶段段5.What is thhe diffferennce beetweenn a sooftwarre proocess modell and a sofftwaree proccess? Suggeest twwo wayys in whichh a sooftwarre proocess modell mighht b

51、e helpfful inn idenntifyiing poossiblle proocess improovemennts推荐两两种方式，其其中软件过程程模型可能有有助于确定可可能的流程改改进Apart ffrom tthe chhallennges oof hetterogeeneityy, rappid deeliverry andd trusst, iddentiffy othher prroblemms andd challlengees thaat sofftwaree engiineeriing iss likeely too facee in tthe 211st ceent

52、uryy除了异质性性，交货迅速速和信任的挑挑战，找出软软件工程是在在21世纪可可能面临的其其他问题和挑挑战， 7. Pleease ggive eexplannationns on why rrequirrementts eliicitattion iis so diffiicult. 请给予解释释为什么需求求获取是非常常困难。What iss threee-layyer deesign? Whatt are the mmost ccommonn layeers foound iin thrree-laayer ddesignn? 什么是三层层设计？什么么是最常见的的的三层设计计的层？Why

53、is threee-layeer dessign aa goodd prinnciplee? 为什么三层层设计是一个个很好的原则则10. Whaat aree funcctionaal reqquiremments? 什么是功能能要求11.Whatt is tthe puurposee of aa packkage ddiagraam? Whhat nootatioon is used? Showw an eexamplle一个包图图的目的是什什么？使用的的是什么符号号？展示一个个例子12.Whatt is tthe diiffereence bbetweeen anaalysiss and

54、desiggn? Liist thhe acttivitiies off the desiggn phaase off the SDLC. 分析和设计计之间的区别别是什么？列列出SDLCC设计阶段的的活动。13. Exxplainn whatt is wwrong with the nnotionn thatt softtware enginneerinng is too ttime cconsumming aand innterfeeres wwith aa proggrammeers pproducctivitty. 解释释什么是错误误的概念，软软件工程是太太耗费时间和和干扰程序员员的生产

55、力。14.Desccribe the pprinciiple oof infformattion hhidingg as iit appplies to sooftwarre dessign. 描述信息的的隐藏，因为为它适用于软软件设计的原原则。ANS:The priinciplle of inforrmatioon hidding iimpliees thaat moddules only sharee infoormatiion wiith eaach otther oon a need to knnow bbasis to acchievee somee speccific softww

56、are ffunctiion. HHidingg enfoorces the pproceddural consttraintts to both the mmodulee procceduraal dettail aand anny datta strructurres loocal tto thee moduule. 信息隐藏的的原则意味着着模块只与对对方共享信息息上的“需要要知道”的基基础上，以实实现一些特定定的软件功能能。隐藏强制制模块详细的的程序和本地地模块的任何何数据结构的的程序制约。What arre thee diffferencces beetweenn geneeric s

57、softwaare prroductt deveelopmeent annd cusstom ssoftwaare deeveloppment? 什么是通用用软件产品的的开发和定制制软件开发之之间的差异？16. Expplain the rrole oof eacch eleement of thhe connventiional analyysis mmodel: dataa dicttionarry, enntity relattionshhip diiagramm, andd dataa floww diaggram. 解释传统的的分析模型中中的每个元素素的作用：实实体关系图，数数据字典

58、，数数据流图。17.Whatt are the eelemennts thhat maake upp a sooftwarre arcchiteccturall stylle? 什么是一个个软件的建筑筑风格的元素素？ANS:Set of compoonentss thatt perfform rrequirred syystem functtions.Set oof connnectoors alllowinng commmuniccationns amoong thhe commponennts.Coonstraaints descrribingg how the ccomponnents

59、maybee inteegrateed to form a sysstem.SSemanttic moodels that enablle thee desiigner to unndersttand tthe ovveralll systtem prropertties bby anaalyzinng thee knowwn proopertiies off its compoonentss. 执行所需的的系统功能的的组件集。设设置允许组件件之间的通信信连接器。描描述的组件可可能如何整合合，形成一个个系统的约束束。语义模型型，使设计人人员了解整个个系统性能，通通过分析其成成分的已知属属性。1

60、8.How is a transsactioon cennter ddifferrent ffrom aa trannsformm centter inn a daata fllow diiagramm? 交易中心是是如何从一个个在一个数据据流图的变换换中心的不同同？19.Listt the four desiggn moddels rrequirred foor a ccompleete sppecifiicatioon of a sofftwaree desiign annd thee rolee of eeach. 列出四个完完整的软件设设计规范和每每个角色所需需的设计模型型ANS:Da