对动词及动词词组的考查与练习 讲义-2023届高考英语一轮复习

1、对动词及动词雕的考查与练习义动词及动词词组是英语语法的核心，也是构成一个句子最基本的成分。动词及动词词 组的灵活运用是英语的一大特点，是学生学习中的难点，更是每年高考中测试的重点。现 通过对动词及动词词组的典题进行分析和总结，望能够帮助学生提高动词及动词词组试题 的解题能力。一、考查具体语境中动词词义的辨析近三年，高考对动词词义的考查，多出现在完形填空中。在做题时，要根据上下文的 语境和选项中动词的含义来确定最终答案。典例 1 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.（完形填空）

2、StartingParkingPassingApproaching解析：根据语境可知，应该是靠近车。start开始，发动；park“泊车”；pass“经过，传 递”;approach“靠近”。故答案选D。【典例 2 My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, my job. Family to feed. （完形填空）LostChangedQuitFinished解析：根据上下文

3、可知，纸上写的是“丢了工作，还有家人要养活。”故答案选A。二、考查动词近义词的辨析典例 1 Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to the soul of Qu Yuan.（完形填空）During the two conferences, the journalists from the whole country (cover) many problems the peasants were greatly concerned about.Considering his health I advise h

4、im to set an hour or two each day towork out.Mary often does some translation work to earn extra money, which accounts half of her income.I dont know why he broke in the middle of a sentence.It is bad manners to turn an invitation without a reason.He was driving home on the highway last night when a

5、 policeman stopped him and (accuse) him of speeding.As the train ran faster and faster, the lights of the city were soon left.Since Jerry is absent today, lets get someone else to take the workwhere it was left off yesterday.If you want (accomplish) your goals and dreams, you have to be willing to p

6、ay the price.Thousands of visitors (attract) to the Xian International Horticultural Exposition.Body language can give a lot about your mood, so standing with yourarms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.While doing shopping, people often cant help purchasing the goods through

7、media.advocatedannouncedadvertisedcompeted15.On his way home , he his shirt pocket to find his glasses, but theywere gone.reached intoburst intoknocked intowent intoMike is tall and strong. In other words, he has got what it to become agood basketball player.costsofferstakesinvolvesI cant what has h

8、appened to the vegetables, for they were freshlypicked this morning.draw outlook outfigure outwork outMaxwell is a long-time editor whose novels are a treasure： elegant, accessible and loved by nearly everyone who.picks them uplooks them upgoes over themtakes over themWilliam found it increasingly d

9、ifficult to read， for his eyesight was beginning to.disappearfallfaildamageMy uncle hasn5t been able to quit smoking, but at least he has.A.cut outB.cut downC.cut upD.cut off(二)语篇填空In recent years, learning Chinese 1(become) popular among people around the world. Last month, I 2 (receive) an email f

10、rom my friend Jack in Canada. He said he was enthusiastic about China, and asked me to find him some books 3 (intend) for Chinese beginners. I was very pleased to do such 4 favor. So I went from one bookstore to 5 , hoping to find something suitable for him. 6 (final) I selected a set of Chinese tex

11、tbooks among a variety of similar ones. Then I went to a post office to have them 7 (deliver) by air without delay. Several days later, I received Jacks email,8 (say) that he really appreciated the books I 9 (send). Tm very glad that Jack is beginning to learn Chinese just like many other foreigners

12、 abroad, 10 I know it may be an enjoyable challenge for him.答案（一）单句填空achieved0 achieve great success获得巨大成功，为固定搭配，根据后面的attracted, 可知本空时态用一般过去时。expectedo expect 预料，盼望”。这里是被动，故用expected。coveredo cover在此处的意思是“报道。根据后面的were,可知本空时态用一般过 去时，故答案为covered。asideo set aside 留出，腾出”。forQ account for固定搭配，意为“是的原因；解释，

13、说明；（在数量上、比例上）占，offo break off”中断，突然停止”。down0 turn down拒绝,调低”。此处为拒绝的意思。accusedo accuse of是固定用法，意思是“指控”。根摞上文，可知本空用一般过去 时。behind。leave behind表示“把抛在后面，超过”。upo take up“继续，接受,占据,从事”。to accomplisho accomplish“完成”；根据 want to do 可知本空填 to accomplishowere attractedo attract 表示“吸引”，此处是被动,主语是“Thousands of visito

14、rs”, 故本空填 were attractedogive away。give away 意为“出卖，泄露”。C。考查动词词义辨析，advertise“做广告”，符合句意。advocate“提倡”；announce宣 布”;compete“竞争”。Ao考查动词短语的用法。reach into“伸入；burst into突然进入司knock into撞 上；go into“进入”。此处意为把手伸进口袋。Co考查动词辨析。what引导的宾语从句中使用了句型“it takesto do sth.，意 为“做某事需要Co考查动词短语的辨析。figure out指出，想出，理解；draw out伸展，使

15、变长； look out“小心”；workout计算，锻炼，结果为，制定，句中freshly的意思相当于recently。Ao考查动词短语的辨析。根据语境可知，几乎所有的人都喜欢读麦斯威尔的小说， 应选 A 项 pickup“拿起。look up“查找”；go over“复习”；takeover“接管”。Bo考查动词辨析。disappear“消失”；fair下降,降落”；fail失败；damage“损坏”。 此处指他的视力下降了。Bo考查动词短语辨析。cut out裁剪，停止；cut down减少，砍倒”；cut up“切 碎；cutoff”切断，隔绝，砍掉”。这里表示他吸烟已经减少了，应选B

16、。（二）语篇填空【主旨大意】现在，越来越多的外国人开始学习中文。作者的朋友杰克也是其中的一 位。杰克要求作者推荐一些适合学习中文的书。作者去买了几本中文书，并邮寄给了杰克， 并觉得学习中文对杰克来说是一个挑战。has becomeo考查主谓一致和时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知空格处要用 现在完成时，动名词短语learning Chinese作主语，根据主谓一致的原那么，应填has becomeoreceivedo考查时态。根据时间状语last month可知要用一般过去时。intendedo考查非谓语动词。此处是短语作后置定语修饰名词books, be intended

17、for 为设计的/打算的”。a0考查冠词。根据上文内容判断我乐意帮这个忙。anothero 考查不定代词。from one.to another从一个到另一个，Finallyo考查副词。作者从一家书店到另一家书店去找书，所以此处表示“终于，最 终”的意思。deliveredo考查非谓语动词。此处是“have +宾语+补语”结构，them指代买到的书, 和动词deliver之间构成被动关系。sayingo考查非谓语动词。从结构分析此处是分词作状语，表示伴随情况。动词say 和主语I之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词。had sento考查时态。寄书发生在他的感激之前，属于过去的过去，应该用过去完成

18、时。W.althougho考查连词。尽管我知道那可能对他来说是一个挑战，但我真的很高兴他开始和其他外国人一样学汉语了。前后句内容是让步关系，故填although。A. rememberremindrecoversrecall解析：remember, remind, recall三个词意思相近。remembe广记住，记起。remind提 醒，使想起；recover“恢复”；recall”使想起,回想，召回”；根据句子意思可知,答案选D。【典例 2 Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was alo

19、ng 165 north after delivering to one of his customers.（完形填空）walkingtouringtravelingrushing解析：根据文意可知，Larry在运输公司工作，在2009年的一个早上，Larry正沿着 165公路向北行驶着。tour旅行，巡回演出；travel旅行,行驶”，根据题意可知，答案应 该选Co三、考查动词的熟词生义和一词多义从近三年的高考真题来看，高考命题非常重视对动词的熟词生义和一词多义的考查， 这种现象多出现在完形和阅读中。有些考生不懂这些熟词的“新含义”，而无法正确理解文章 或题干的含义，因此丢分。【典例 1 T

20、hey had begun to integrate （融合）the kinds of play and teamwork they had the day before into their game.（完形填空）seenknowheardread解析：A。see常见的含义是“看见”，根据本空前后的意思可知，这里的含义应是“领会， 理解，如：It shows that your child hasn5t seen the point of the story.这说明你的孩子还没 有领会故事的意思。此外，see还有“认为，见证，参观等含义。【典例 2 Then go outside and w

21、ork out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.（任务型阅读）解析：translate常见含义是“翻译”，但在这个句子里是“转变，转化”的意思。再如：Your decision must be translated into specific, concrete actions.你的决定必须转化为具体明 确的行动。止匕外，translate还有“理解，解释”的含义。四、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例也很大，主要出现在完形填空题中，四个选项是四 个不同的动词

22、短语，以此来考查考生在语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。【典例 1 Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work.（完形填空）stepped forwardbacked offmoved onset out解析：根据 ulet them go to work 可知答案选 B。step forward迈向前；back off后 退”；move on“继续。set out“出发”。【典例 2 Who knew that so many years later

23、I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to my own cancer experience? （完形填空）learn fromgo overget throughrefer to解析：根据“look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again”及后半句意思可知,答案选Co learn from向 学习；go over“复习”；get through“熬过，通过；referto参考，涉及，指的 是。【典例 3 That leaky faucet somehow awakened me to the fact that I

24、now had to the challenge of getting things fixed.（完形填空）come up withface up tolook forward tostep away from解析：根据上下文可知，作者不得不面对这一挑战，故答案选B。come up with“提出”； face up to“勇敢面对；look forward to盼望，期望；step away from“远离”。五、考查同根动词短语的辨析对同根动词短语辨析的考查，也多在完形填空题中进行考查。根据上下文和语境来确 定答案。这要求学生对同根动词所构成的动词短语要有精准的掌握。【典例】The ma

25、n who had his bright lights on and told Larry he had madean emergency call.（完形填空）came downcame throughcame incame over解析：句意：车灯一直亮着的车的车主走了过来，告诉Larry他已经打了急救 。 come down”下降，降低，被拆毁；come through“经历”；come in迤入，卷入；come over走 过来，根据语境可知，答案为D。六、考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析【典例】It that among other things, he was an eighty-

26、year-old writer.（完形填空）came outworked outproved outturned out解析：come out”出版，开花；workout 锻炼，计算出。prove out“证明；turnout结果是，原来是。根据句意可知，答案为D。七、考查动词短语中的介词或副词的搭配动词与介词或副词构成的短语也是高考中的主耍考点，这类题多在完形填空题、语法 填空题和短文改错题中进行考查。学生在日常的学习中，要多对包含有介词或副词的动词 短语进行归纳记忆。【典例 1 JMy uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a s

27、hort period of time.（短文改错）解析：dream of/about doing sth“梦想做某事”，故在 dreams 后力口 of/about。【典例 2 We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses orappeal our emotions than for straight facts.解析：appeal to对有吸引力，对有感染力，固定搭配。故答案填to。【典例 3 Anyway, were here now, so lets get down some seriouswork

28、.解析：get down to开始做，着手做，固定搭配。故答案填t。八、常考动词短语归纳breakbreak down损坏，出毛病break in闯入，插话break off （使）别离，停止，断交break out （战争等）爆发，逃出（无被动式）break through 突围，突破break up驱散，（使）散开break away from脱离，打破，放弃bringbhng about使倒下，使下降bring forward 提出bring in把拿进来,收获，赚（钱）bring up sb抚养某人bring up sth 提出bring up 呕吐bring to an end 结束

29、=come to an endcallcall on sb拜访，号召call at访问（某人的家）；（火车、船）停靠call for 需要call off取消（计划，比赛）call out （call out+to sb）大声地叫call up sb打 comecome across偶然发现，偶然遇到come on快点（口），开始，到来，举行，走吧，一起去come in进来，上市come out出来，出发，结果come to苏醒，总共，到达come up上升，升起cutcut away 切除cut through走近路，穿透cut down砍倒，减少，压缩（开支）cut off切断（关系，来往

30、），中止（ ，思维）cut out删掉/改掉（恶习），停止diedie from 死于，因而死die off相继死亡die away声音变弱，渐渐消失die down慢慢地熄灭（风，火）die out熄灭,变弱,消失，灭绝（动物）fallfall asleep 去睡觉=go to sleepfall ill 病了fall back后退，后撤fall behind落后，跟不上fall off减少，从摔下来getget about到处走，消息的传开get across穿过，领会get away逃掉，离开，摆脱get down从下来，写下来，记下来get along with进展，友好相处get in进去,收获get off离开，下车get on上车get over克服（困难），从病中恢复过来get around =spread 传开get through完成，通过，用完，从人群中通过，接通 get to至U达get together聚会，达成一致get into trouble 陷入get rid of摆脱，去掉givegive a