英语句子成分和句型结构

1、一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解：（一）句子成分主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担当。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）数词)Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.It形式主语，主语从句是真

2、切主语）找出以下句中的主语：Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.（名词）Shewentoutinahurry.（代词）Fourplusfouriseight.（数词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Smokingisbadforhealth.（动名词）Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.（名词化的形容词）Whathehassaidistrue.（句子）谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特色。简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复

3、合谓语：由神情动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesntseemtolikedancing.找出以下句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）：WeloveChina.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.HecanspeakEnglish.Sheseemstired.表语（predicative）:系动词此后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特色。Heisateacher.（名词）Seventy-four!Youdontlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）词短语)Mywatc

4、hisgone/missing/lost.Towearafloweristosay“IHeisasleep.（形容词）Thepictureisonthewall.(（形容词化的分词）mpoor,Icantbuyaring.介（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）（常有的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）.Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundss

5、weet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.找出以下句中的表语。1.Iamateacher.2.Theyareontheplayground.3.MyjobisteachingEnglish.4.Itgetscold.5.Itsoundsinteresting.4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-及物动词或介词的宾语IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelpth

6、eoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-直接宾语指物或事间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：pleasepassmetheb

7、ook.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.找出以下句子的宾语部分：Weoftenhelphim.Helikestoplaybasketball.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.Shesaidthathefeltsick.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完满。这类常用的及物动词有：Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapityth

8、atshedidntcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）Dontlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Dontkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）Illhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）主补：对主语的补充，全称为主语补足语。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextr

9、oom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetre

10、esplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）（代词）定语后置：若是定语是由一个单词表示时，平时要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，平时则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,或句子。表示时间、地点

11、、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和退步。（以下例句按上述序次排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeeting-room.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidntstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecand

12、oitwell.（二）句子结构简单句的五个基本句型1.主语不及物动词Shecame/Myheadaches.2.主语及物动词宾语ShelikesEnglish.3.主语系动词表语Sheishappy4.主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.5.主语宾补动词宾语宾语补语ShemakeshermotherangryTheteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+be句型Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Thereliesabookonthedesk.Exercises：解析以下句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfar

13、frommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.hewouldleavethecityhonest.4.Mygrandfather6.Hemadeitclearthatbought翻译练习：主谓结构（主语不及物动词）1、你应该努力学习Youshouldstudyhard.2、他昨天夜晚很晚回家Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.练习：1、Thisboxweighsfivekilos.2、I

14、livedinBeijingfiveyearsago.这个盒子重五公斤。五年前我住在北京。主谓宾结构（主语及物动词宾语）1、我昨晚写了一封信Iwrotealetterlastnight.2、我今天下午想和你谈谈Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.练习：1、AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。2、Hedidnotknowwhattosay.他不知道说什麽好。主系表结构（主语系动词表语）1.我的弟弟都是大学生Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2.在冬天，白天很短夜晚很

15、长Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.3.布朗女士看上去很健康MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4.在他15岁那年他成为了着名的画家Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.练习：1、树叶已经变黄了。Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.2、这个报告听起来很有意思。Thereportsoundsinteresting.双宾语结构（主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语）强森先生昨年叫我们德语MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.祖父昨晚给我讲了一个幽默的故事Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.练习：1、请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy?2、我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ShallIcallyouataxi?复合宾语结构（主语动词宾语宾语补足语）我们叫她爱丽丝WecallherAlice.他父亲母亲叫他约翰HisparentsnamedhimJohn.练习：1、学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。Theschool